When studying high dilutions, we concluded that the main role in their activity is played by the vibrational effect accompanying the dilution of the initial substance during their preparation. This concept served as the basis for developing a novel "crossing" technology, in which the initial substance and a neutral carrier (water or lactose), placed in separate, closely spaced vials, are subjected to joint vibrational processing. Consequently, the neutral carrier acquires the capacity of exerting a modifying effect on the initial substance or its target, thereby altering its physicochemical and biological properties, with the resulting product termed a vibrational iteration. In this work, the influence of vibrational iterations obtained from a neutrophil suspension as the initial substance on reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by neutrophils was studied using a cellular chemiluminescence assay. The role of the magnetic characteristics of the fields under which the vibrational iterations were prepared was also investigated. It was shown that vibrational iterations prepared under geomagnetic field conditions exerted only a minor effect on ROS production by neutrophils. At the same time, vibrational iterations prepared under a combined magnetic field comparable to the geomagnetic background and supplemented with a low-amplitude variable component (50 nT with a frequency of 12.6 Hz) increased the ability of neutrophils to produce ROS by 44% ± 12%. These findings demonstrate the possibility of preparing vibrational iterations from various initial substances, including biological material. The modulating effect of combined magnetic fields on their activity was also demonstrated.

It has already been shown that it is possible to obtain vibrational iterations (artificial material objects) through multiple vibration processing (crossing) of any substance (see Petrova A. et al. (2024)). In this work, using the same crossing technology, vibrational iterations were obtained from water exposed to various magnetic fields. They, like vibrational iterations from high- and low-molecular weight substances, were classified into groups (fractions) according to their physical and chemical properties.

Previous research has demonstrated that a combined magnetic field (CMF) plays a critical role in modifying the properties of aqueous solutions, leading to an increase in the luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence of neutrophils. Using this model, the distant interaction between aqueous solutions was demonstrated, and the role of a CMF in the regulation of this phenomenon was established. In the current study, highly diluted (HD) phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) solution (the donor) was incubated with aqueous ethanol (the acceptor), both in a CMF-generating device and under geomagnetic field (GMF), for 0, 20, and 60 min. After a 60 min incubation at a 0 cm distance with HD PMA under both GMF and CMF, acceptor samples added to neutrophils increased neutrophil chemiluminescence by approximately sevenfold. The ability of HD PMA, which had been incubated with an acceptor, to activate ROS production diminished within 60 min of observation. However, the HD PMA sample remained an effective donor for up to 6 days after preparation. At a 10 cm distance between the donor and acceptor, the activation of the acceptor did not occur. These findings provide new insights into the phenomenon of distant interaction of solutions, whose mechanisms are suggested to be related to the quantum electrodynamics of water molecular dynamic structures.

Biocompatible metal-organic framework MIL-100(Fe) was used as a container for a model hydrophobic active pharmaceutical ingredient, ibuprofen, in composite films based on gelatin, pectin, and kappa-carrageenan. According to powder X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy data, the metal-organic framework retained the crystal structure and its particles were uniformly distributed throughout the hydrocolloid matrix. Testing of the obtained film materials under simulated biological conditions using chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis showed that they are applicable as a dosage form for slow release of active pharmaceutical ingredients.

The influence of magnetic fields on the physico–chemical properties of water and aqueous solutions is well known. We have previously shown that weak combined magnetic fields with a 60 µT static component and a 100 nT (at 12.6 Hz) variable component are able to activate neutrophils, both directly and indirectly, through water pre-incubated in these fields. The ability to influence the activity of neutrophils was retained in serial dilutions of water, but only when a mechanical effect (shaking) was applied at each dilution step. Here, we confirm that combined magnetic fields are required for the formation of the stimulatory activity of water on ROS production by neutrophils. For the first time, we determined the threshold values of a constant magnetic field (at least 350–550 nT) necessary to maintain this activity in a series of successive dilutions. Additionally, the biophysical properties of various dilutions appeared to be not identical. This confirms that the number of technological steps (successive dilutions with physical influence) is a key factor that determines the activity of highly diluted samples.

The biocompatible metal-organic framework [Zn4(GA)4(H2O)4]·4H2O (H2GA = glutamic acid) was used as a container for anthocyanins from Hibiscus sabdariffa in composite films based on kappa-carrageenan and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose. The obtained composite materials showed high antioxidant activity and ability to undergo pH-induced color change upon reactions with gaseous products of pathogen development and, hence, possess the potential for practical application as functional materials for food packaging.

Treatment of antibodies using gradual technology implies a series of successive dilutions, accompanied by mechanical impacts, with subsequent saturation of lactose with the obtained solution. In comparison with intact lactose, the resulting products have increased emission in the RF frequency range from 50 MHz to 3.5 GHz.

It has been shown that a decrease in background production of reactive oxygen species in peritoneal neutrophils of mice after a short-term (40 min) stay in hypomagnetic conditions (residual field of 10 nT) at physiological temperatures, detected by the method of lucigenin-dependent chemiluminescence, was not accompanied by a violation of the chemiluminescent response to respiratory burst activators of formylated peptide N-formyl–Met–Leu–Phe (fMLP) and forbol ether forbol-12-meristate-13-acetate (FMA). These results were obtained by activated chemiluminescence method using lucigenin and luminol and various combinations of activators for the production of reactive oxygen species (forbol-12-meristate-13-acetate and/or N-formyl–Met–Leu–Phe). The study, together with the previously obtained results, makes it possible to exclude the systems controlling the respiratory burst in neutrophils from the main targets and acceptors that react to short-term deprivation of a magnetic field.

This study shows that the background formation of lower levels of reactive oxygen species in mouse peritoneal neutrophils after short-term (40 minutes) exposure to hypomagnetic fields with ~10 nT residual field at physiological temperatures, which has been detected by use of lucigenin-dependent chemiluminescence, is not accompanied by the impairment of chemiluminescence response of neutrophils to respiratory-burst stimuli: the formylated tripeptide N-formyl-Met-Leu-Phe (fMLF) and phorbol ester phorbol-12-myristate-13-ace-tate (PMA). These results were obtained with lucigenin or luminol-enhanced activated chemiluminescence and various combinations of reactive oxygen species production stimuli (phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate and/or N-formyl-Met-Leu-Phe). Based on the results of the present work as well as on those of previous studies, this study reveal that the systems that control the respiratory burst in neutrophils can be excluded from a list of main targets and acceptors that respond to short-term deprivation of the magnetic field.

Spintronics, being one of the youngest fields of microelectronics, is applied already for several decades to enhance the efficiency of components of computer equipment and to develop units of quantum computer and other electronic devices. The use of molecular material layers in a spintronic device makes it possible to substantially deepen the understanding of the spin transport mechanisms and to form foundation for a new trend at the nexus of physics and chemistry: molecular spintronics. Since the appearance of this trend, various coordination compounds, including semiconductors, single-molecule magnets, complexes with spin transitions, and metal-organic frameworks, are considered as molecular materials of spintronic devices with diverse unusual characteristics imparted by these materials. Specific features of using the earlier described representatives of the listed classes of compounds or their analogs, which are still "kept on the shelves" in chemical laboratories, for manufacturing polyfunctional devices of molecular spintronics are briefly reviewed.

A new biocompatible metal-organic framework [Mg(Mal)(H 2 O)](H 2 O) (H 2 Mal = malic acid) ( I ) was synthesized under solvothermal conditions, isolated in a pure state, and characterized by elemental analysis and X-ray diffraction. Compound I , which is the second example of a magnesium metal-organic framework based on malic acid, was prepared under drastic conditions of solvothermal synthesis. Cysteine or products of its decomposition were found to have a template effect on the formation of malic acid-based metal-organic frameworks under the chosen drastic conditions.

The trinuclear cobalt(III) complex [(Bipy) 5 Co 3 (L) 2 ](Cl) 3 ( I ) is synthesized by the template reaction of 2,2'-(1 H -imidazole-4,5-diyl)bis(4-ethylphenol) (L) and bis(2,2-bipyridine)cobalt(II) dichloride in the presence of diazabicycloundecene. The complex is isolated in the individual state and characterized by elemental analysis, cyclic voltammetry, UV-VIS spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) (CIF file СCDC no. 2201135). According to the obtained data, the cobalt ions in trinuclear complex I have the oxidation state +3, and the complex formation occurs with the oxidation of the initial cobalt(II) ions.

Biocompatible metal-organic framework [Zn 4 (GA) 4 (H 2 O) 4 ]·4H 2 O (H 2 GA is glutamic acid) is tested as a “container” with bioactive hydrophobic components of jasmine essential oil for the preparation of functional composite materials based on a hydrocolloid matrix containing kappa-carrageenan and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose. The prepared composite film coatings exhibit high antimicrobial and antioxidant activities in the model experiment with a long-term storage of fruits, which indicates broad prospects for the practical use of these materials as an active packing of food products.

The possibility of preparing thin films of cobalt(II) cage complex (clathrochelate) that undergoes a temperature-induced spin transition by thermal sublimation was demonstrated using UV spectroscopy. The films were more uniform and more thermally stable than the films formed by centrifugation of the solution on a substrate surface. In combination with scanning electron microscopy data, this revealed the dependence of the spin transition temperature on the method of film preparation and dependence of the supramolecular organization in the films on the substrate material, indicating that transition metal clathrochelates show the spinterface effect at the interface with a metal electrode. In addition to the possibility of controlling the magnetic properties of this unique class of coordination compounds by molecular design methods, this effect opens up broad opportunities for creating molecular spintronic devices with characteristics tailored for the researcher requirements.

A possibility of generating a high degree of spin polarization of 13 C and 15 N nuclei in the cyanide ion, which forms the coordination bond with the metal ion, using parahydrogen is demonstrated for the first time for the new iridium carbene complex as an example. The spin–spin interaction constants in the synthesized complex and the structure of the hydride intermediate are determined by an analysis of the 13 С NMR spectra detected using broadband and selective heteronuclear decoupling. The cyanide ion is shown to coordinate to the metal ion by the carbon atom in one of two equatorial positions, and two pyridine molecules are arranged in the axial and equatorial positions. The signal amplification factors for 13 С and 15 N nuclei of the cyanide anion (5665 and –49 555, respectively) are estimated by NMR spectroscopy of the polarized substrate using the SABRE method from an ultralow magnetic field of 0.5 μT. This amplification corresponds to 15.5% polarization of nitrogen nuclei achieved within several seconds at room temperature.

The space-time profiles (STPs) of the concentrations of the pollutants in the mobile and stationary phases of the sorption column are studied. In the theoretical study, it is found that the STP of the pollutant concentrations in the mobile phase, C(x, t), plays a decisive role in the formation of an STP in the stationary phase, q(x, t), and directly affects the course of the breakthrough concentration curve C(t). On the assumption of the existence of a Langmuir interphase equilibrium in a dynamic sorption system, logistic-type formulas are derived that describe C(x, t), q(x, t), and C(t). In order to test the derived formulas, an experiment was carried out to determine the concentrations C(xi, tj), q(xi, tj), and C(tj) (i = 1, 2, …, 10, j = 1, 2, …, 10) in the process of water purification from bivalent mercury ions using a special multisection column (10 sections) filled with a strongly acidic Dowex® XZS-1 cation exchanger. The obtained experimental dependences of the concentrations on time are approximated by the functions C(x, t), q(x, t), and C(t), characterized by the corresponding parameters. The values of these parameters determined in the course of fitting for all three functions turned out to be close to each other, which indicates the correctness of the theoretical consideration.

The preparation of a new type of packing for food products using biocompatible functional materials is based on the quality control and safety of food products. Composite films of the hydrocolloid matrix including kappa carrageenan and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose with particles of the biocompatible metal-organic framework MOF-5 bearing the antibacterial agent (sodium benzoate) immobilized in the pores are prepared. The manifested resistance of the prepared films to potentially pathogenic microorganisms provides wide prospects for manufacturing antimicrobial composite materials of food packing.

We have previously shown that water incubated in a weak combined magnetic field (CMF) increased the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by neutrophils. Adding high dilutions (HD) of water into the same system resulted in a similar effect. HD of antibodies to interferon-gamma (HD Abs to IFNγ) were shown to emit electromagnetic radiation and affect hydrogen bond energies. Here, we aimed to evaluate the effect of HD of substances (donor) on the properties of aqueous solutions (acceptor). The donor and acceptor were incubated for 1 h in a controlled magnetic field so that the walls of the two cuvettes were in close contact. As a control, the acceptor was incubated under the same conditions but without the donor. An aliquot of the acceptor solution was then added to mouse neutrophils, and ROS levels were measured using luminol-dependent chemiluminescence assay. Joint incubation led to a 185–356% increase (p < 0.05) in ROS production, depending on the type of acceptor sample. The magnitude of the effect depended on the parameters of the magnetic field. In a CMF, the effect was strongest, completely disappearing in a magnetic vacuum or with shielding. These findings are important for understanding the physical mechanism of action of HD preparations, which opens up opportunities for expanding their practical applications.

Обобщены актуальные направления исследований в области металл-органических координационных полимеров (МОКП), проводимых в научных организациях и университетах России в последние 5—10 лет. Обзор охватывает вопросы дизайна, синтеза, топологического описания и прогнозирования свойств МОКП, разработки способов их химического конструирования и модификации, изучения современными физико-химическими методами, создания функциональных материалов на основе пористых каркасов (гетерогенных катализаторов, высокоэффективных и высокоселективных сорбентов нового поколения, проводящих материалов, систем для адресной доставки лекарств).

The thermal sublimation of the known cage iron(II) complex (clathrochelate) gives thin films of this compound on various supports without violating its integrity as shown by electron spectroscopy. The spin state of the complex remains unchanged compared to the polycrystalline sample and solution. The first prototypes of molecular spintronic devices in the form of a vertical spin valve are prepared from the chosen iron(II) clathrochelate, and their electron transport properties are studied.