The expression for the conductance of a 1D channel, which has been obtained using the well-known exact solution, is analyzed. It is shown that in the case of strong electron—electron interaction, the slowest (linear in frequency) asymptotics of the conductance is determined by the behavior of electron—electron interaction in the region of transition from 1D to 3D motion realized near the impurity.

The program of scientific research of the Luna-25 lunar lander includes the experiment "Dust monitoring of the Moon" (in Russian, "Pylevoi monitoring Luny" (PmL)), which provides for the study of the dynamics of lunar microparticles and parameters of the near-surface dusty plasma. Using the PmL instrument, it is planned to record for a long time individual microparticles above the lunar surface, to measure and evaluate their physical characteristics (momentum, velocity, charge, mass, and concentration), as well as to monitor the dynamics of the parameters of the near-surface dusty plasma environment (density, temperature, and potential). The instrument has passed successfully the entire range of ground tests.

Reasons for the existence of exact solutions of the Luttinger model have been discussed. It has been shown that scattering by impurities at certain electron-electron coupling constants can be written in terms of Fermi quasiparticles exactly taking into account the electron-electron interaction. This circumstance significantly simplifies the analysis and in some cases leads to the existence of exact solutions.

We study the ground state of a one-dimensional channel with strong attractive electron–electron interactions at low temperatures. In spite of the fact that, at low temperatures, the ground state of one-dimensional attracting electrons is a state with a macroscopically large number of cooperons, the resulting superconducting phase has a number of significant differences. Namely, the order parameter (which should appear in the superconducting phase according to Landau’s phenomenological theory) turns out to be zero. However, elastic impurities implanted in a one-dimensional channel will not lead to dissipation of the supercurrent associated with the condensate movement as a whole.

It has been shown that a correlation mechanism that is based on the exchange interaction and destroys the relation between distribution functions and response (Price relation) occurs in a nonequilibrium Lorentz gas (particles interact only with the thermostat). The physical nature of this phenomenon is that the scattering of particles of the gas in the same state on a single particle of the thermostat creates a flux of correlated pairs, which depends on the form of a nonequilibrium distribution function, making impossible the existence of a universal relation between distribution functions and response.

Physical conditions in the near-surface layer of the Moon are overviewed. This medium is formed in the course of the permanent micrometeoroid bombardment of the lunar regolith and due to the exposure of the regolith to solar radiation and high-energy charged particles of solar and galactic origin. During a considerable part of a lunar day (more than 20%), the Moon is passing through the Earth’s magnetosphere, where the conditions strongly differ from those in the interplanetary space. The external effects on the lunar regolith form the plasma-dusty medium above the lunar surface, the so-called lunar exosphere, whose characteristic altitude may reach several tens of kilometers. Observations of the near-surface dusty exosphere were carried out with the TV cameras onboard the landers Surveyor 5, 6, and 7 (1967–1968) and with the astrophotometer of Lunokhod-2 (1973). Their results showed that the near-surface layer glows above the sunlit surface of the Moon. This was interpreted as the scattering of solar light by dust particles. Direct detection of particles on the lunar surface was made by the Lunar Ejects and Meteorite (LEAM) instrument deployed by the Apollo 17 astronauts. Recently, the investigations of dust particles were performed by the Lunar Atmosphere and Dust Environment Explorer (LADEE) instrument at an altitude of several tens of kilometers. These observations urged forward the development of theoretical models for the lunar exosphere formation, and these models are being continuously improved. However, to date, many issues related to the dynamics of dust and the near-surface electric fields remain unresolved. Further investigations of the lunar exosphere are planned to be performed onboard the Russian landers Luna-Glob and Luna-Resurs.

We show that the conductance of a 1D channel with one point-like impurity critically depends on the asymptotic behavior of the e-e interaction at low momenta k (about the inverse length of the channel). The conductance reemerges (contrary to the case of a point-like repulsive potential) if the potential satisfies the condition V (k = 0) = 0. For example, this happens if the bare e-e interaction is screened by the charges in the bulk. The relation of this phenomenon to the long-range order present in the Luttinger model is discussed. We consider spinless electrons but generalization is straightforward.

We investigate the wave-particle interaction in the ionospheric plasma with longitudinal plasma and electromagnetic waves generated during active space experiments with simultaneous injection of electron and xenon ion beams from the Intercosmos-25 (IK-25) spacecraft. Some results of our study of the beam-plasma instability relative to the longitudinal wave excitation during the electron beam injection were early presented [Plasma Phys. Rep. - 2007. - 33, N11.- P. 995-1013]. A specific feature of the active experiment carried out at orbits 201 and 202 was that charged particle flows were injected in the same direction along the magnetic field lines B-0 in such a way that produced the oblique beam-into-beam injection. Some results of the beam-plasma interaction for this configuration were registered by the double satellite system consisting of the IK-25 station and Magion-3 subsatellite. The emphasis is on the study of the electromagnetic wave excitation in different frequency ranges and the acceleration of energetic charged particles by the beam-induced waves in the nearsatellite plasma. Excitation of electromagnetic waves (whistlers) on the first harmonic of electron cyclotron resonance for normal Doppler effect during electron beam injection into ionospheric plasma is considered.

We derive by functional integral method one-dimensional theory equivalent to Luttinger liquid with one impurity. It is shown that the single quantity has to be calculated for the formulation the effective field theory is the electron density jump at the impurity. We show that duality which relates models with electron-electron attraction and repulsion, and simultaneous exchange of transition and reflection coefficients, is an exact property of the theory.

Energetic particle data recorded by the SLED instrument aboard Phobos-2 while in circular orbit about Mars (6–26 March, 1989) showed the presence of magnetic shadowing. A 3-D, self consistent, hybrid model (HYB-Mars) supplemented by test particle simulations was developed to study the response of the Martian plasma environment to solar disturbances and to reproduce, in particular, the magnetic shadowing effect. The pertaining magnetic and electric fields as well as the properties of high energy ions present at Mars under conditions of extreme solar disturbances, can be derived from HYB-Mars. This model predicted a plasma phenomenon at the planet, named here ‘solar wind-flow shadowing’, which was earlier identified in the measurements of the ASPERA (plasma) experiment aboard Phobos-2. HYB also predicted magnetic shadowing which is qualitatively similar to that recorded by SLED. The simulations suggest that the configuration of a magnetic shadow depends on the pertaining solar wind density and velocity, and on the magnitude and direction of the interplanetary magnetic field. It is currently planned to input to the HYB model plasma and magnetic field data measured contemporaneously with the particle measurements aboard Phobos-2 so as to more realistically match the simulated results with the in situ observations.

In this paper the investigation of wave-particle interaction during simultaneous injection of electron and xenon ion beams from the satellite Intercosmos-25 ( IK-25 ) carried out using the data of the double satellite system with subsatellite Magion-3 ( APEX ). Results of active space experiment devoted to the beam-plasma instability are partially presented in the paper Baranets et al. (2007) . A specific feature of the experiment carried out in orbits 201, 202 was that charged particle flows were injected in the same direction along the magnetic field lines B 0 so the oblique beam-into-beam injection have been produced. Results of the beam-plasma interaction for this configuration were registered by scientific instruments mounted on the station IK-25 and Magion-3 subsatellite. Main attention is paid to study the electromagnetic and longitudinal waves excitation in different frequency ranges and the energetic electron fluxes disturbed due to wave-particle interaction with whistler waves. The whistler wave excitation on the 1st electron cyclotron harmonic via normal Doppler effect during electron beam injection in ionospheric plasma are considered.

We are demonstrating that the Luttinger model with short range interaction can be treated as a type of Fermi liquid. In line with the main dogma of Landau's theory one can define a fermion excitation renormalized by interaction and show that in terms of these fermions any excited state of the system is described by free particles. The fermions are a mixture of renormalized right and left electrons. The electric charge and chirality of the Landau quasi-particle is discussed.

A low temperature transverse thermal magnetoconductance of metals and semimetals is treated theoretically. It is shown that its high magnetic field behavior is determined by the characteristic time τɛ of jumps from one cyclotron circle to another due to electron-phonon collisions rather than by the transport time τtr that determines the conductance. The phonon-electron drag contribution to the magnetoconductance is also discussed.

Results of active space experiment with simultaneous injection of electron and xenon ion beams from the Interkosmos-25 (IK-25) satellite are presented. A specific feature of this experiment was that charged particles were injected in the same direction along the magnetic field lines and the particle beams simultaneously injected into the ionospheric plasma were therefore nested in one another. Results of the beam-plasma interaction for this configuration were registered by the double satellite system consisting of IK-25 station and Magion-3 subsatellite.

We calculate the ground-state wave functions for a system of multicomponent strongly interacting fermions. We show that it is a state with spontaneously broken chiral symmetry that describes a phase with a finite density of chiral complexes. The number of particles constituting a complex depends on the number of fermion components. For example, in the case of two-component electrons (spin), the condensate is built of four-particle complexes consisting of two “right” electrons and two “left” holes with the opposite spins.