The paper presents a brief literature review of the bulk viscosity of liquids and liquid disperse systems. The experimental data retrieval on the viscosity of liquid disperse (colloid) systems is complicated by a number of problems, namely: the difficulty in creating monodisperse systems, accurate measurement of the particle size, their concentration, homogeneity, and distribution. Also, the challenge is that with increasing particle concentration, the liquid disperse system transfers from normal to non-Newtonian liquid. The absorption of acoustic waves in the liquid is associated with both shear and bulk viscosity. It is shown that in most cases, the bulk viscosity is much higher than the shear viscosity, and their ratio changes with the temperature rise. The obtained data based on the Stokes model are considered for the acoustic wave absorption.

This article describes investigations into the properties of thin films of tungsten sulfide and copper sulfide produced by magnetron sputtering on glass substrates in argon atmosphere. Transmittance spectra of the obtained films are studied by spectrophotometry in the range from 300 to 900 nm; the band gaps are determined. The thickness of the obtained films varies in the range of 0.5–1 μm.

Наноструктурный порошок сульфида цинка был получен методом самораспространяющегося высокотемпературного синтеза (СВС) с участием элементарной серы и нанопорошка цинка в атмосфере аргона. В работе в качестве исходного материала использовался нанопорошок цинка, приготовленный путем электроискровой эрозии цинковых гранул в гексане. Фазовый состав и морфология продуктов самораспространяющегося высокотемпературного синтеза были исследованы с помощью рентгенофазового анализа и просвечивающей электронной микроскопии. Представлены температурный профиль и фотографии процесса горения стехиометрической смеси металла с серой, снятые с помощью скоростной фотовидеокамеры. Показано, что при горении стехиометрической смеси основной фазой в продукте является гексагональный сульфид цинка ZnS. Найдена взаимосвязь между содержанием серы в исходной шихте и эффективностью процесса синтеза.

The end products of electrical explosion of copper wires coated with a thin tin layer were studied. Depositing tin (similar to 1 wt.%) on the surface of the copper wire did not have a considerable effect on the relation between the sample dispersity and the input energy. When increasing the input energy, the tin content in surface and near-surface layers of the nanoparticles reduces sharply within 1. 1 - 1.3 W/W-s. Decreasing the input energy increases the oxidation onset temperature by similar to 20 degrees C when heating Cu (Sn) nanopowders unlike the copper nanopowders without additives. The main phase in the powders is crystallized copper. (c) 2008 Elsevier B. V. All rights reserved.

The phase and element compositions of surface and near-surface layers of particles in powders produced in gaseous argon by electric explosion of Cu–Ni alloy wires were studied. It was established that powders produced from Cu–Ni alloys are phase heterogeneous. Their size distribution function is three-modal. Their dispersivity increases with the increase of the energy input into a conductor. The principal phase stabilizing in electroexplosion end-products from alloys Cu–Ni23 and Cu–Ni45 is intermetallic compound Cu0.81Ni0.19. Apparently, the metal phases of copper or nickel are located in the central areas of the particles. A mechanism of particle formation during electrical explosion of wires was proposed.

Aluminum hydroxide is made good use of production of ceramic materials, is applied to catalytic agent production, and is also widespread technical adsorbent, filling material of polymer and others. The application productivity of aluminum hydroxide is depends on method of its production and type of source material. These substances are usually produced with hydrolysis of aluminum salts, with sedimentation from aqueous solution of aluminum nitrate by ammonium hydroxide (sol-gel method), with chamber sedimentation using sulphate process, with method of selective oxidation from gallium-aluminum alloy, and with hydrothermal synthesis. The last method is remarkable for relatively simplicity and productivity in order to obtain aluminum hydroxides, which could has a developed surface of particles.

The storage of excess superequilibrium energy occurs in final products of wire electrical explosion. This effect can be successfully used in different fields: in processes of combustion, sintering, and chemical reactions. In the present work, thermal analysis is suggested as a method for the determination of excess energy value. According to results of the thermal analysis, the excess energy for nanosized aluminum can reach a value equal 3-6 enthalpies of metal melting point.

The chemical composition of the products formed during combustion in air of powder mixtures of a commercial zirconium-aluminum alloy (mass concentrations of zirconium and aluminum 84 and 16%, respectively) and ultrafine Al powder produced by electric detonation of conductors in argon is studied. The capacity of the mixtures for chemical fixation of air nitrogen is analyzed. It is established that under certain conditions, the end products can contain up to 60% AlN + ZrN mixture.

The authors investigate the chemical composition of the combustion products of mixtures of a freely poured industrially produced zirconium-aluminum alloy powder (84 wt.% zirconium) and an ultradisperse aluminum powder produced by electric detonation of conductors in argon. It is established that under certain conditions the end products can contain up to 60% AlN + ZrN mixture.

The authors investigate the composition of the combustion products of mixtures of freely poured aluminum powders: ADS-1 industrial powder and ultradisperse aluminum powder produced by electric detonation of conductors in argon. It is demonstrated that the end products containing ∼ 50% AIN are easily destroyed sinters and can be used as the main component of the mixture for production of the nitride-containing ceramics.

The low-temperature (below 200°) rapid reversible chemisorption of hydrogen that is observed on an Al-Cr catalyst is absent on a chromium silicate catalyst.

The differential isosteric adsorption heats of thiophene on oxide and sulfidized Al-Co-Mo catalysts, and on their components, were determined in the temperature range 250–430°.

AbstractDurch Umsetzung der Furancarbonsäuren (I) und (IV) mit Acetylen (II) in Gegenwart von Cadmiumoxid bei 165 ‐ 210°C oder durch Umesterung mit Vinylacetat (VI) in Gegenwart von Quecksilber(II)‐acetat und Borfluoridätherat werden die Vinylester (III) und (V) in Ausbeuten bis zu 80% dargestellt.

AbstractDie Vinyläther (I) reagieren in Gegenwart von Azo‐bis‐isobutyronitril mit Furfurylmercaptan (II) bei 60‐80°C in Ausbeuten von 66 ‐ 84% zu den Sulfiden (III).

The vinyl esters of trans-β-(2-furyl) acrylic acid, furan-2-carboxylic acid, 5-bromofuran2-carboxylic acid, and 5-nitrofuran-2-carboxylic acid were synthesized by the reaction of the corresponding acids with acetylene and vinyl acetate. Mercuric acetate and boron trifluoride etherate were used as catalysts for the transvinylation of acids of the furan series. The structures of the vinyl esters obtained were proved by IR and PMR spectroscopy. The distribution of the π-electron density in the molecules of four of the synthesized vinyl and ethyl esters was studied by means of quantum-chemical calculations by the SCF MO LCAO method (Pople variant) using the Raman and UV absorption spectra.

AbstractFuran‐2‐carbonsäurevinylester (II) reagiert mit trockenem HCl‐ bzw. HBr‐Gas in 88%iger Ausbeute zu den Furan‐2‐carbonsäure‐a‐halogenäthylestern (I).