Organic small-molecule hole transport materials are exceptional building blocks for optoelectronics devices owing to their unique properties including versatile chemical structures, adjustable energy levels, as well as simple synthesis and easy purification. In this study, four bipyridine-based organic hole transport materials (P1, P3, P7 and P9) were designed, synthesized, and characterised. The hole transport materials were specifically tailored with a bipyridine moiety as the electron acceptor, a conjugated it bridge of varying lengths, and a substituted triphenylamine group as the electron donor. These molecules exhibit intramolecular charge transfer, confirming their linear donor-acceptor-donor (D-A-D) configuration. They have a wide and strong optical response in the UV-visible region, and their energy levels can be modulated to facilitate the charge-transfer process efficiently in hybrid systems. Specifically, the P7 molecule with a large conjugation system exhibited excellent hole transport performance because of enhanced intermolecular it-it packing and it-it interaction. Consequently, the photoelectric conversion efficiency (PCE) of the P7-based inverted hybrid solar cell is up to 5.86 %, outperforming that of the commonly used conjugated polymer hole transport material poly(3hexylthiophene) (P3HT, PCE: 4.38 %) under the same test conditions. This study provides a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms by which organic hole transport materials can improve the efficiency and sustainability of photovoltaic devices.

Asymmetric supercapacitors (ASCs) have garnered significant attention as efficient and practical energy storage devices due to their high energy density and ultralong lifespan. The performance of the ASC is largely dependent on the composition and structure of electrode materials. This study introduces the synthesis of a hydrated nickel vanadate (NiV2O6H2O) nanosheet electrode material and evaluates its electrochemical performance in supercapacitors. Notably, the NiV2O6H2O nanosheets demonstrated a high specific capacitance of 10(53.3 )F g(-1) at 1 A g(-1) and 113.0% capacitance retention after 10000 cycles at 5 A g-1. Furthermore, an ASC assembled with NiV2O6H2O nanosheets and activated carbon (AC) achieved a high energy density of 27.6 Wh kg-1 at a power density of 725.3 W kg(-1), demonstrating its promising potential in ASC applications. Additionally, the obtained NiV2O6H2O nanosheets were examined as an anode for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), achieving a specific capacity of 472.4 mA h g(-1) after 1000 cycles at 500 mA g(-1). This work presents an approach to the design and development of electrode materials for high-performance energy storage devices.

Heterojunction interface properties are important in organic-inorganic hybrid solar cells. To improve the cell performance, it was regulated by introducing two triphenylamine-based modifiers and adjusting the morphology of TiO2. It showed that these strategies are beneficial to improving the chemical compatibility between inorganic and organic materials, inhibiting charge recombination and accelerating excitons dissociation efficiency. The power conversion efficiency of the device was improved from 0.17 % to 2.10 %. It was further optimized to 4.90 % by adjusting the morphology of TiO2 nanorods. The interfacial charge transfer/recombination dynamic mechanisms and the intrinsic factors were analyzed in detail by diverse electrochemical measurements.

为解决钙钛矿太阳电池中MAPbI3的不稳定性问题,提高电池性能,对以TiO2纳米棒阵列作为电子传输层、Sb2S3∶P3HT共混物作为钙钛矿MAPbI3修饰层的太阳电池进行了研究.首先,以SbCl3作为锑源,Na2S2O3作为硫源,采用溶剂热法制备合适尺寸的Sb2S3纳米球;其次,通过超声分散法将Sb2S3与P3HT在氯苯溶液中共混得到Sb2S3∶P3HT共混物,将其旋涂于沉积了MAPbI3薄膜的TiO2纳米棒阵列上,形成FTO/TiO2 NR/MAPbI3/Sb2S3∶P3HT复合膜,制备成TiO2纳米棒阵列MAPbI3/Sb2S3∶P3HT太阳电池;最后,采用SEM,XRD,J-V曲线和紫外可见吸收光谱等方法进行表征和测试.结果表明,制备的结构为FTO/TiO2 NR/MAPbI3/Sb2S3∶P3HT/Spiro-OMeTAD/Ag的太阳电池,能量转换效率(PCE)最高达到了 14.73％,与未采用Sb2S3∶P3HT共混物修饰的TiO2纳米棒阵列MAPbI3太阳电池相比,能量转换效率得到了明显提升.因此,Sb2S3∶P3HT共混物能避免出现钙钛矿MAPbI3被氧化的不稳定性问题,可有效提高TiO2纳米棒阵列MAPbI3太阳电池的性能.

CaV6O16 center dot 3H(2)O three-dimensional (3D) tubular structure has been constructed by a simple hydrothermal method without using any surfactants or additives. The tubular structure is composed of ultralong CaV6O16 center dot 3H(2)O nanobelts with good tailorability. By simply cutting and drying the 3D tubular structure, a CaV6O16 center dot 3H(2)O paper has been successfully prepared. Electrochemical performance of the CaV6O16 center dot 3H(2)O paper as the self-standing cathode for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) was investigated for the first time. It delivers an initial discharge capacity of 463.9 mAh g(-1) at 50 mA g(-1) and maintains at 162.3 mAh g(-1) after 50 cycles. This work provides the possibility for designing high-performance, long service life and lightweight LIBs for implantable medical devices. (C) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

The chemical incompatibility at the organic-inorganic heterojunction interface in hybrid solar cells is a serious issue that cannot be ignored. In this work, four Ru-based dye complexes (D-series organic dyes) were employed for the interfacial properties modulation. The results showed that the introduction of organic molecules can not only improve the compatibility between the organic and inorganic materials, but also provide an appropriate energy levels alignment of the materials in the hybrid films. A notable power conversion efficiency of 2.91% was achieved. The intrinsic factors that affecting the cells performance were investigated by electrochemical impedance and open circuit voltage decay measurements.

分别采用一步水热法和两步水热法在导电玻璃（FTO）上制备了二氧化钛（TiO 2 ）纳米棒（NR）阵列和TiO 2 分枝纳米棒（B-NR）阵列。利用低温化学浴沉积法（CBD）在TiO 2 纳米棒阵列（NRA）和TiO 2 分枝纳米棒阵列（B-NRA）基底上沉积Sb 2 S 3 纳米粒子（NPs）。接着分别旋涂聚-3已基噻吩（P3HT）和2,2′7,7′-四-（二甲氧基二苯胺）螺芴（Spiro-OMeTAD）组装成TiO 2 （NRA）/Sb 2 S 3 /P3HT/Spiro-OMeTAD和TiO 2 （B-NRA）/Sb 2 S 3 /P3HT/Spiro-OMeTAD为光活性层的杂化太阳电池。结果表明,由TiO 2 （NRA）/Sb 2 S 3 /P3HT/Spiro-OMeTAD复合膜结构组装的杂化太阳电池的光电转换效率（PCE）是2.92%,而由TiO 2 （B-NRA）/Sb 2 S 3 /P3HT/Spiro-OMeTAD复合膜结构组装的杂化太阳电池的PCE提高到了4.67%。

采用两步水热法在导电玻璃(FTO)上制备TiO2分枝纳米棒(B-NR)阵列.利用低温化学浴沉积法(CBD)在TiO2分枝纳米棒阵列(B-NRA)基底上沉积Sb2 S3纳米粒子(NPs).接着分别旋涂P3 HT和Spiro-OMeTAD组装成TiO2(B-NRA)/Sb2 S3/P3 HT/Spiro-OMeTAD为光活性层的杂化太阳电池.通过对杂化太阳电池的光电性能测试,结果表明,TiO2分枝纳米棒阵列具有高的吸光强度,较大的比表面积和多级电荷传输通道,由TiO2(B-NRA)/Sb2 S3/P3 HT/Spiro-OMeTAD复合膜结构组装的杂化太阳电池的能量转换效率(PCE)是4.67％.

通过水热法在氟掺杂氧化锡导电玻璃(FTO glass)上成功制备出TiO2纳米片(TNS)阵列.使用三苯胺配合物D2对FTO/TNS进行表面改性处理,并使用扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪、紫外可见吸收光谱、瞬态光电流、荧光光谱、接触角、电流密度–电压(J–V)测试仪、电化学阻抗谱对电极的结构形貌、表面特性以及电池的光电特性进行了表征,发现表面改性可提高有机聚合物与无机材料之间的化学相容性.接触角测试表明:TiO2表面改性后由亲水性向疏水性转变.电化学阻抗分析表明:TiO2表面改性后界面的复合电阻和电子寿命分别由原来的866.8Ω·cm2和48.1μs增大至932.2Ω·cm2和127.1μs.J–V曲线表明:与未改性的电池相比,改性后电池的光电转换效率由未改性的0.20％提高到1.52％.

In order to reduce the charge recombination and improve the performance of hybrid solar cells, the mixture of P3HT and Spiro-OMeTAD is used as the photoactive layer and hole-transport layer, and is spun onto TiO2 nanorod/Sb2S3 nanoparticles composite film to prepare a hybrid solar cell. By means of SEM, UV visible absorption spectrum, XRD, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and steady-state fluorescence spectrum and J-V curve, the microstructure and photovoltaic performance of the hybrid solar cell are characterized and tested. The results show that the hybrid solar cell with the mixture ratio of P3HT and Spiro-OMeTAD of 15 mg/1 mL has a lower charge recombination rate, a longer electron life and the power conversion efficiency is 4.57%.The prepared hybrid solar cell has excellent performance and good application prospect.

The intramolecular charge transport (ICT) process directly determines the charge generation, transport, and even injection of the dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) sensitizer. Herein, we constructed a new series of D-π-A system by linking 4-methoxyphenyl and triphenylamine donors with an ethynyl group having an axial-symmetric conjugated system. Since the axisymmetric conjugate group overcomes the reduction of the conjugate characteristic caused by the plane distortion, the molecular ICT performance and the electronic recombination inhibition are effectively improved. As a result, the photoelectric conversion efficiency was increased from 3.43% to 6.37% by means of the extension of the π-bridge at same time. It provides a new idea for the design and development of DSSC sensitizers in the future.

CaV6O16·3H2O spong-like and tube-like three-dimensional (3D) structures were constructed by a simple hydrothermal method. The 3D structures composed of superlong CaV6O16·3H2O nanobelts have good tailorability. CaV6O16·3H2O papers with different thickness can be obtained by simply pressing (cutting) and drying the 3D structures. The electrochemical performances of the obtained CaV6O16·3H2O paper as the self-standing cathode for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) were investigated for the first time. It delivers an initial discharge capacity of 463.9 mAh g−1 at 50 mA g−1 and maintains at 162.3 mAh g−1 after 50 cycles. This work provide the possibility for designing high-performance cathode for LIBs.

MoS2-P3HT hybrid microheterostructure was successfully prepared through ultrasonic process and used as light absorber and hole transport material in TiO2 nanorod array-based hybrid solar cell. The charge transport mechanism in the solar cell was systematically investigated with different methods, such as energy level structure, PL spectra, optical absorption property and EIS measurement. The results indicated that the designed MoS2-P3HT hybrid microheterostructure led to enhanced optical property and improved charge transport performance with reasonable energy band alignment. The solar cell based on TiO2/MoS2-P3HT exhibited an optimized energy conversion efficiency of 1.28%, with an increment of 58% compared to that of the solar cell based on TiO2/P3HT.

Spiro-OMeTAD, which took place of PEDOT:PSS as hole transport material, was used to assist P3HT to transport holes. Inverted hybrid solar cells using P3HT and spiro-OMeTAD with layered (Device A) and/or blended (Device B) structures were fabricated. Power conversion efficiency of 1.24% was achieved for the latter device vs 0.53% for the former one. Here, the blended surface was smoother for closer electrical contact with the Cu electrode, leading to more efficient collection of holes. This study is the first report on layered and blended structures of ZnO-based inverted hybrid solar cells with P3HT and spiro-OMeTAD.

In order to broaden the response range of dye-sensitized solar cells to the solar spectrum and improve the photovoltaic performance of the cells, two triphenylamine dyes (TR1 and TC1) containing different acceptor moieties (rhodanine-3-acetic acid (RA) and cyanoacrylic acid (CA)) were co-sensitized. The TR1 dyes adsorbed on TiO2 surface with a lied down mode, while the TC1 dyes with a standing adsorption mode. When the two dyes were co-sensitized on TiO2 in different molar ratios, TC1 would occupy part of the positions of TR1, which could expand the spectrum and inhibit the charge recombination at the same time. The electron lifetime of the co-sensitized solar cell device was longer than that of TR1-sensitized solar cell. Finally, the co-sensitized device sensitized by co-sensitizer solution in which the molar ratio of TR1 to TC1 is 5:5 yielded short-circuit photocurrent density (Jsc) of 11.7 mA/cm2, open circuit voltage (Voc) of 704 mV, fill factor (FF) of 0.73 and the highest efficiency of 6.03%. This performance is superior to those of solar cell devices sensitized by the two dyes individually.

A solution processable ternary blend poly(2,6-(4,4-bis-(2- ethylhexyl)-4H-cyclopenta[2,1-b;3,4-b’] dithiophene)-alt-4,7(2,1,3-benzothiadiazole), poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) and 2,2′,7,7′-tetrakis-(N,N-di-p-methoxyphenylamin e)-9,9′-spirobifluorene (PCPDTBT:P3HT:Spiro-OMeTAD) based hybrid solar cell (HSC) with dendritic TiO2/Sb2S3 nanorods composite film was successfully fabricated for the first time. The absorption spectrum, steady state fluorescence spectroscopy and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy of HSC were investigated appropriately. The solid-state HSC assembled by dendritic TiO2/Sb2S3 nanorods/PCPDTBT:P3HT:Spiro-OMeTAD composite film obtained a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) up to 1.83%, which showed an increase (19.61% enhancement) versus that of HSC assembled by dendritic TiO2/Sb2S3 nanorods/P3HT:Spiro-OMeTAD composite film, and the corresponding stability both in the air and in the glove box were studied.

In order to increase the transport channels of the photogenerated electrons and enhance the photosensitizer loading ability of the electrode, a new TiO2-ZnO nanorod hierarchical structure is prepared through two-step hydrothermal process. First, TiO2 nanorod array is grown on the FTO conductive glass substrate by hydrothermal proess. Then, ZnO sol is coated onto the TiO2 nanorods through dip-coating method and inverted to ZnO seed layer by sintering. Finally, the secondary ZnO nanorods are grown onto the TiO2 nanorods by the sencond hydrothermal method to form the designed TiO2-ZnO nanorod hierarchical structure. A spin-coating assisted successive ionic layer reaction method (SC-SILR) is used to deposit the CdS nanocrystals into the TiO2 nanorod array and the TiO2-ZnO nanorod hierarchical structure is used to form the CdS/TiO2 and CdS/TiO2-ZnO nanocomposite films. Different methods, such as SEM, TEM, XRD, UV-Vis and transient photocurrent, are employed to characterize and measure the morphologies, structures, light absorption and photoelectric conversion performance of all the samples, respectively. The results indicate that, compared with the pure TiO2 nanorod array, the TiO2-ZnO nanorod hierarchical structure can load more CdS photosensitizer. The light absorption properties and transient photocurrent performance of the CdS/TiO2-ZnO nanorod hierarchical structure composite film are evidently superior to that of the CdS/TiO2 nanocomposite films. The excellent photoelctrochemical performance of theTiO2-ZnO hierarchical structure reveales its application prospect in photoanode material of the solar cells.

采用两步水热法在无种子层的基础上制备了新颖的TiO2纳米棒-ZnO纳米片分级结构.采用旋涂辅助连续离子反应方法分别在TiO2纳米棒阵列和TiO2纳米棒-ZnO纳米片分级结构中沉积窄禁带半导体光敏剂CdS纳米晶,形成CdS/TiO2纳米棒复合膜和CdS/TiO2-ZnO分级纳米结构复合膜.利用SEM、TEM、XRD、紫外-可见吸收光谱、瞬态光电流图谱等分析手段对样品的形貌结构以及电极的光吸收和光电性能进行了表征和测试.结果表明,沉积光敏层CdS后,TiO2纳米棒-ZnO纳米片分级纳米结构膜的瞬态光电流明显高于TiO2纳米棒阵列膜,尤其是在500nm处光电响应出现明显增强;以P3HT为p型聚合物材料组装杂化太阳电池,光伏性能测试结果表明,以P3HT/CdS/TiO2-ZnO分级结构复合膜制备的杂化太阳电池能量转换效率可达0.65％,与P3HT/CdS/TiO2复合膜制备的杂化太阳电池的能量转换效率相比提高了58％.

In this work, we reported on the effect of adjusted technical conditions on device morphology including inorganic semiconductor ZnO and the obtained active layers. Specifically, by different concentrations of sol–gel precursors and various hydrothermal time, density and length of ZnO nanorods were controlled; then the stacking of polymer chains was regulated with the thermal treatment temperature; and hole transporting property of PEDOT:PSS was adjusted with different spin-coating layers. Through a series of technical control, the cell devices performance was improved to 1.44% under 100 mW cm−2 step by step. The intrinsic mechanisms about charge separation, transport, and recombination kinetics were systematically discussed by various optical and electrochemical techniques.

Organic-inorganic hybrid solar cell is a new type of solar cell,with its organic polymers to provide electrons and inorganic semiconductors to accept electrons.The commonly used inorganic semiconductors are nano-sized zinc oxide (ZnO), titanium dioxide (TiO2),cadmium sulfide (CdS),etc.There are many problems needing to be solved in the research process of hybrid solar cells,such as the poor electron transport efficiency,low utilization of solar energy,chemical incompatibility between inorganic semiconductors and organic polymers,and the consequently caused low photoelectric conversion efficiency. Around the above issues,concerning the solar cell with the ZnO semiconductors as electron acceptor,the photovoltaic perform-ance optimization methods are discussed from the aspects of electron acceptors,electron donor materials and the addition of modified layers for the ZnO-based solar cell,and the future development tendency of the hybrid solar cells is also prospected. The optimization of cell performance has brought hope to the low cost and high efficiency application of this hybrid solar cell.