In this paper,two novel small-molecule triphenylamine derivatives N,N-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-(4-pyridyl)aniline(H432)and N,N-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-[4-(cyano)-3-pyridyl]aniline(H462),were synthesized by classic Suzuki-Miyaura and Ullmann coupling reactions.The small-molecule derivatives were deposited onto FTO/c-TiO2/m-TiO2/CsPbI3 composite films with crystal modification and surface post-treatment modification to fabricate CsPbI3 perovskite solar cells.The resulting devices were characterized and tested by SEM,J-V curves,and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.The results show that the CsPbI3 perovskite solar cells prepared by surface post-treatment modification exhibits a significant increase in power conversion efficiency(PCE).Specifically,the PCE of CsPbI3 perovskite solar cells modified with 0.05 mol/L H432 increases from 12.44%(control device)to 15.54%,while the PCE of those modified with 0.05 mol/L H462 improves from 12.44%to 15.66%.

This study addresses the critical challenges of phase and defect instabilities in CsPbI3 perovskite by employing interfacial modifiers based on triphenylamine-pyrimidine, achieving a relative power conversion efficiency (PCE) boost of over 20%. CsPbI3 perovskite, known for its ideal bandgap (approximate to 1.7 eV), exceptional light absorption, excellent charge transport properties, and good thermal stability, has emerged as a promising photoactive material for next-generation photovoltaics. However, its practical application is hindered by two major issues: a high defect-state density and phase instability, both of which significantly limit the achievable PCE in solar cells. In this work, we overcome these challenges through innovative interface engineering using two newly designed triphenylamine-pyrimidine derivatives (TP-CN and TP-CF3). This surface modification strategy yields two key benefits: a significant reduction in the defect-state density of the photoactive layer and effective suppression of nonradiative charge carrier recombination. These improvements result in a remarkable enhancement of the PCE from a baseline of 12.57% to 15.32% (a 21.88% relative improvement) for TP-CN-modified devices and to 14.01% (an 11.46% relative improvement) for TP-CF3-modified devices. The superior performance of TP-CN, particularly in defect passivation and charge transport, underscores its potential as a versatile interface modifier for highly efficient CsPbI3 perovskite solar cells.

To surmount the performance limitations of printable mesoporous perovskite solar cells ( p ‐MPSCs) caused by high defect densities during perovskite crystallization, this study introduces a new D‐π‐A small molecule additive. The molecule has a strong dipole moment and efficient charge transfer, with a triphenylamine donor, thiophene π‐bridge, and rhodanine‐N‐acetic acid acceptor. It accelerates crystallization, passivates defects, and optimizes interactions with perovskite structures. Combined with suitable energy levels and loading concentration, it boosts the power conversion efficiency of p ‐MPSCs from 13.95 to 15.90%. This work expands the range of molecular additives and provides insights into designing high‐performance materials for p ‐MPSCs.

All-perovskite tandem solar cells (TSCs) have garnered significant attention due to their high efficiency potential. Among these, Sn-Pb perovskite solar cells (PSCs) play a crucial role in all-perovskite tandem configurations. However, the Sn2+ in Sn-Pb perovskites is prone to oxidation, leading to severe p-type self-doping and significant non-radiative recombination. Additionally, the uneven crystallization of Sn-Pb perovskites can result in non-uniform crystallization of the perovskite films, generating a substantial number of defects. In this study, we introduce sulfaguanidine (SG) into the perovskite precursor solution. The strong binding energy between SG and tin(II) iodide results in a delayed release of tin iodide during the crystallization process. Furthermore, the incorporation of SG significantly reduces the charge transfer between O2 and Sn2+, thereby increasing the energy barrier for Sn2+ oxidation and effectively suppressing its oxidation. Consequently, the single-junction Sn-Pb PSCs exhibit a stable power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 22.70

为解决钙钛矿太阳电池中MAPbI3的不稳定性问题,提高电池性能,对以TiO2纳米棒阵列作为电子传输层、Sb2S3∶P3HT共混物作为钙钛矿MAPbI3修饰层的太阳电池进行了研究.首先,以SbCl3作为锑源,Na2S2O3作为硫源,采用溶剂热法制备合适尺寸的Sb2S3纳米球;其次,通过超声分散法将Sb2S3与P3HT在氯苯溶液中共混得到Sb2S3∶P3HT共混物,将其旋涂于沉积了MAPbI3薄膜的TiO2纳米棒阵列上,形成FTO/TiO2 NR/MAPbI3/Sb2S3∶P3HT复合膜,制备成TiO2纳米棒阵列MAPbI3/Sb2S3∶P3HT太阳电池;最后,采用SEM,XRD,J-V曲线和紫外可见吸收光谱等方法进行表征和测试.结果表明,制备的结构为FTO/TiO2 NR/MAPbI3/Sb2S3∶P3HT/Spiro-OMeTAD/Ag的太阳电池,能量转换效率(PCE)最高达到了 14.73％,与未采用Sb2S3∶P3HT共混物修饰的TiO2纳米棒阵列MAPbI3太阳电池相比,能量转换效率得到了明显提升.因此,Sb2S3∶P3HT共混物能避免出现钙钛矿MAPbI3被氧化的不稳定性问题,可有效提高TiO2纳米棒阵列MAPbI3太阳电池的性能.

With the growing demand of print and copy in modern society, waste toner carbon from printer cartridges causes serious environmental pollution. Herein, we innovatively attempt to apply it directly to the assembly of carbon electrodes for the fully printable mesoscopic perovskite solar cell (FP-PSCs). Its morphology, conductivity, work function, charge recombination, hydrophobicity and other characteristics of electrodes can be controlled through optimizing its usage, which greatly improves the photoelectric conversion performance, and the best power conversion efficiency reaches 11.78%. It opens up a new way for the green recycling application of waste toner carbon powder.

The chemical incompatibility at the organic-inorganic heterojunction interface in hybrid solar cells is a serious issue that cannot be ignored. In this work, four Ru-based dye complexes (D-series organic dyes) were employed for the interfacial properties modulation. The results showed that the introduction of organic molecules can not only improve the compatibility between the organic and inorganic materials, but also provide an appropriate energy levels alignment of the materials in the hybrid films. A notable power conversion efficiency of 2.91% was achieved. The intrinsic factors that affecting the cells performance were investigated by electrochemical impedance and open circuit voltage decay measurements.

分别采用一步水热法和两步水热法在导电玻璃（FTO）上制备了二氧化钛（TiO 2 ）纳米棒（NR）阵列和TiO 2 分枝纳米棒（B-NR）阵列。利用低温化学浴沉积法（CBD）在TiO 2 纳米棒阵列（NRA）和TiO 2 分枝纳米棒阵列（B-NRA）基底上沉积Sb 2 S 3 纳米粒子（NPs）。接着分别旋涂聚-3已基噻吩（P3HT）和2,2′7,7′-四-（二甲氧基二苯胺）螺芴（Spiro-OMeTAD）组装成TiO 2 （NRA）/Sb 2 S 3 /P3HT/Spiro-OMeTAD和TiO 2 （B-NRA）/Sb 2 S 3 /P3HT/Spiro-OMeTAD为光活性层的杂化太阳电池。结果表明,由TiO 2 （NRA）/Sb 2 S 3 /P3HT/Spiro-OMeTAD复合膜结构组装的杂化太阳电池的光电转换效率（PCE）是2.92%,而由TiO 2 （B-NRA）/Sb 2 S 3 /P3HT/Spiro-OMeTAD复合膜结构组装的杂化太阳电池的PCE提高到了4.67%。

采用两步水热法在导电玻璃(FTO)上制备TiO2分枝纳米棒(B-NR)阵列.利用低温化学浴沉积法(CBD)在TiO2分枝纳米棒阵列(B-NRA)基底上沉积Sb2 S3纳米粒子(NPs).接着分别旋涂P3 HT和Spiro-OMeTAD组装成TiO2(B-NRA)/Sb2 S3/P3 HT/Spiro-OMeTAD为光活性层的杂化太阳电池.通过对杂化太阳电池的光电性能测试,结果表明,TiO2分枝纳米棒阵列具有高的吸光强度,较大的比表面积和多级电荷传输通道,由TiO2(B-NRA)/Sb2 S3/P3 HT/Spiro-OMeTAD复合膜结构组装的杂化太阳电池的能量转换效率(PCE)是4.67％.

通过水热法在氟掺杂氧化锡导电玻璃(FTO glass)上成功制备出TiO2纳米片(TNS)阵列.使用三苯胺配合物D2对FTO/TNS进行表面改性处理,并使用扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪、紫外可见吸收光谱、瞬态光电流、荧光光谱、接触角、电流密度–电压(J–V)测试仪、电化学阻抗谱对电极的结构形貌、表面特性以及电池的光电特性进行了表征,发现表面改性可提高有机聚合物与无机材料之间的化学相容性.接触角测试表明:TiO2表面改性后由亲水性向疏水性转变.电化学阻抗分析表明:TiO2表面改性后界面的复合电阻和电子寿命分别由原来的866.8Ω·cm2和48.1μs增大至932.2Ω·cm2和127.1μs.J–V曲线表明:与未改性的电池相比,改性后电池的光电转换效率由未改性的0.20％提高到1.52％.

In order to reduce the charge recombination and improve the performance of hybrid solar cells, the mixture of P3HT and Spiro-OMeTAD is used as the photoactive layer and hole-transport layer, and is spun onto TiO2 nanorod/Sb2S3 nanoparticles composite film to prepare a hybrid solar cell. By means of SEM, UV visible absorption spectrum, XRD, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and steady-state fluorescence spectrum and J-V curve, the microstructure and photovoltaic performance of the hybrid solar cell are characterized and tested. The results show that the hybrid solar cell with the mixture ratio of P3HT and Spiro-OMeTAD of 15 mg/1 mL has a lower charge recombination rate, a longer electron life and the power conversion efficiency is 4.57%.The prepared hybrid solar cell has excellent performance and good application prospect.

Nickel-rich ternary layered transition metal oxide positive materials have attracted much attention due to their high specific capacity, low price and environmental friendliness. However, the material itself has problems such as cyclic capacity degradation, which are caused by Li/Ni mixing, phase change reaction, gas generation, microcracks, transition metal dissolution and surface structure changes. In order to solve the problems of rapid capacity degradation and poor high-temperature performance of positive materials, modification methods of nickel-rich ternary layered transition metal oxide positive materials at home and abroad in recent years were summarized, including optimization methods such as surface coating material synthesis, element doping material preparation, core-shell structure material development, and concentration gradient material design, etc. It is pointed out that the wide application of high nickel layered transition metal oxide anode materials needs to start from the aspects of continuously improving the material preparation method, changing the material properties, and reducing the material cost, etc. to develop high energy density lithium ion batteries, so that nickel-rich ternary layered transition metal oxide anode materials can be applied in the field of power batteries as soon as possible.

All-inorganic perovskite material (CsPbBr3) has attracted enormous attention in photovoltaic devices due to superior stability. However, the thickness of CsPbBr3 film beyond 100 nm suffers from poor morphology, impurity phase and defects due to unbalance between fast growth and slow nucleation of film. Here, we introduce polyethylene glycol (PEG) into solution to achieve compact CsPbBr3 film with pure phase via a simple one-step solution process. The Lewis base of PEG interacts with the Lewis acid of Pb2+ to reduce the cluster size of CsBrPbBr2-DMSO colloids as well as to increase the nucleation rate. The CsPbBr3 film magnitude less in intrinsic defect concentration is obtained by the addition of PEG. The open-circuit voltage increases from 1.15 eV to 1.41 eV with the highest efficiency of 7.8% as a result of less charge recombination of device, which is the highest efficiency ever recorded in one step solution process. The current-voltage curves measured at five different positions of large size device based on PEG (100 mm(2)) were almost identical, indicating highly uniform of devices. Thanks to the high quality of PEG modified CsPbBr3 film, there is no efficiency reduction during 120 h UV illumination. It was further used as a UV filter in tandem device which effectively restricts the UV degradation of bottom organic-inorganic perovskite solar cell. The tandem solar cell still remains 93% of the initial PCE after 120 h UV aging test, which are the main routes for commercializing device.

MoS2-P3HT hybrid microheterostructure was successfully prepared through ultrasonic process and used as light absorber and hole transport material in TiO2 nanorod array-based hybrid solar cell. The charge transport mechanism in the solar cell was systematically investigated with different methods, such as energy level structure, PL spectra, optical absorption property and EIS measurement. The results indicated that the designed MoS2-P3HT hybrid microheterostructure led to enhanced optical property and improved charge transport performance with reasonable energy band alignment. The solar cell based on TiO2/MoS2-P3HT exhibited an optimized energy conversion efficiency of 1.28%, with an increment of 58% compared to that of the solar cell based on TiO2/P3HT.

Spiro-OMeTAD, which took place of PEDOT:PSS as hole transport material, was used to assist P3HT to transport holes. Inverted hybrid solar cells using P3HT and spiro-OMeTAD with layered (Device A) and/or blended (Device B) structures were fabricated. Power conversion efficiency of 1.24% was achieved for the latter device vs 0.53% for the former one. Here, the blended surface was smoother for closer electrical contact with the Cu electrode, leading to more efficient collection of holes. This study is the first report on layered and blended structures of ZnO-based inverted hybrid solar cells with P3HT and spiro-OMeTAD.

A solution processable ternary blend poly(2,6-(4,4-bis-(2- ethylhexyl)-4H-cyclopenta[2,1-b;3,4-b’] dithiophene)-alt-4,7(2,1,3-benzothiadiazole), poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) and 2,2′,7,7′-tetrakis-(N,N-di-p-methoxyphenylamin e)-9,9′-spirobifluorene (PCPDTBT:P3HT:Spiro-OMeTAD) based hybrid solar cell (HSC) with dendritic TiO2/Sb2S3 nanorods composite film was successfully fabricated for the first time. The absorption spectrum, steady state fluorescence spectroscopy and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy of HSC were investigated appropriately. The solid-state HSC assembled by dendritic TiO2/Sb2S3 nanorods/PCPDTBT:P3HT:Spiro-OMeTAD composite film obtained a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) up to 1.83%, which showed an increase (19.61% enhancement) versus that of HSC assembled by dendritic TiO2/Sb2S3 nanorods/P3HT:Spiro-OMeTAD composite film, and the corresponding stability both in the air and in the glove box were studied.

In order to increase the transport channels of the photogenerated electrons and enhance the photosensitizer loading ability of the electrode, a new TiO2-ZnO nanorod hierarchical structure is prepared through two-step hydrothermal process. First, TiO2 nanorod array is grown on the FTO conductive glass substrate by hydrothermal proess. Then, ZnO sol is coated onto the TiO2 nanorods through dip-coating method and inverted to ZnO seed layer by sintering. Finally, the secondary ZnO nanorods are grown onto the TiO2 nanorods by the sencond hydrothermal method to form the designed TiO2-ZnO nanorod hierarchical structure. A spin-coating assisted successive ionic layer reaction method (SC-SILR) is used to deposit the CdS nanocrystals into the TiO2 nanorod array and the TiO2-ZnO nanorod hierarchical structure is used to form the CdS/TiO2 and CdS/TiO2-ZnO nanocomposite films. Different methods, such as SEM, TEM, XRD, UV-Vis and transient photocurrent, are employed to characterize and measure the morphologies, structures, light absorption and photoelectric conversion performance of all the samples, respectively. The results indicate that, compared with the pure TiO2 nanorod array, the TiO2-ZnO nanorod hierarchical structure can load more CdS photosensitizer. The light absorption properties and transient photocurrent performance of the CdS/TiO2-ZnO nanorod hierarchical structure composite film are evidently superior to that of the CdS/TiO2 nanocomposite films. The excellent photoelctrochemical performance of theTiO2-ZnO hierarchical structure reveales its application prospect in photoanode material of the solar cells.

采用两步水热法在无种子层的基础上制备了新颖的TiO2纳米棒-ZnO纳米片分级结构.采用旋涂辅助连续离子反应方法分别在TiO2纳米棒阵列和TiO2纳米棒-ZnO纳米片分级结构中沉积窄禁带半导体光敏剂CdS纳米晶,形成CdS/TiO2纳米棒复合膜和CdS/TiO2-ZnO分级纳米结构复合膜.利用SEM、TEM、XRD、紫外-可见吸收光谱、瞬态光电流图谱等分析手段对样品的形貌结构以及电极的光吸收和光电性能进行了表征和测试.结果表明,沉积光敏层CdS后,TiO2纳米棒-ZnO纳米片分级纳米结构膜的瞬态光电流明显高于TiO2纳米棒阵列膜,尤其是在500nm处光电响应出现明显增强;以P3HT为p型聚合物材料组装杂化太阳电池,光伏性能测试结果表明,以P3HT/CdS/TiO2-ZnO分级结构复合膜制备的杂化太阳电池能量转换效率可达0.65％,与P3HT/CdS/TiO2复合膜制备的杂化太阳电池的能量转换效率相比提高了58％.

In this work, we reported on the effect of adjusted technical conditions on device morphology including inorganic semiconductor ZnO and the obtained active layers. Specifically, by different concentrations of sol–gel precursors and various hydrothermal time, density and length of ZnO nanorods were controlled; then the stacking of polymer chains was regulated with the thermal treatment temperature; and hole transporting property of PEDOT:PSS was adjusted with different spin-coating layers. Through a series of technical control, the cell devices performance was improved to 1.44% under 100 mW cm−2 step by step. The intrinsic mechanisms about charge separation, transport, and recombination kinetics were systematically discussed by various optical and electrochemical techniques.

Organic-inorganic hybrid solar cell is a new type of solar cell,with its organic polymers to provide electrons and inorganic semiconductors to accept electrons.The commonly used inorganic semiconductors are nano-sized zinc oxide (ZnO), titanium dioxide (TiO2),cadmium sulfide (CdS),etc.There are many problems needing to be solved in the research process of hybrid solar cells,such as the poor electron transport efficiency,low utilization of solar energy,chemical incompatibility between inorganic semiconductors and organic polymers,and the consequently caused low photoelectric conversion efficiency. Around the above issues,concerning the solar cell with the ZnO semiconductors as electron acceptor,the photovoltaic perform-ance optimization methods are discussed from the aspects of electron acceptors,electron donor materials and the addition of modified layers for the ZnO-based solar cell,and the future development tendency of the hybrid solar cells is also prospected. The optimization of cell performance has brought hope to the low cost and high efficiency application of this hybrid solar cell.