The method of liquidation of the map of viscous production wastes of additives is developed. The special collector of waste is developed for selection of waste from the card. Complex influence of the ground of waste of the oil refinery including three sections, a pond evaporator, a pond store of synthetic fatty acids, a dump of solid industrial wastes, the map of viscous production wastes of additives on the environment is investigated. It is revealed that the main pollutant are oil products (oil hydrocarbons), a steady trend of their accumulation in the environment is noted. The main fields of purpose of production wastes of additives are defined. They are applied as special additives at production of concrete and concrete goods and designs with increased requirements on water permeability, frost resistance, in quality of the plasticizing additives in concrete mixes, as the additive increasing elasticity and extensibility of bituminous coverings. Production wastes of additives in production of paints water and composite the general and special purpose are introduced. Production wastes of additives are used for recultivation of the lands polluted by oil and also purification of oil-containing sewage.

Congruently melting Ca 0.77 Sr 0.07 La 0.16 F 2.16 and Ca 0.70 Sr 0.11 Ce 0.19 F 2.19 fluorite solid solutions crystals in the CaF 2 –SrF 2 – R F 3 ( R = La, Ce) systems have been grown from melt by the Bridgman technique in a fluorinating atmosphere. Their optical, mechanical, electrophysical, and thermophysical characteristics have been studied. The crystals are transparent in a wide spectral range; their refractive indices are n D = 1.468 ( R = La) and 1.479 ( R = Ce), and their microhardness ( Н V ∼ 5.0 GPa) and ionic conductivity (σ ∼ 3 × 10 –3 S/cm at 823 K) exceed significantly the corresponding values for CaF 2 and SrF 2 crystals. The materials under study are promising isomorphic-capacious crystalline matrices for various applications in photonics and solid-state ionics.

The basic structural blocks and functional capabilities of smart sensors are considered. An implementation of the functions of metrological diagnostic self-checking of sensors equipped with a bridge measuring circuit is proposed. An adaptive strain-gauge pressure sensor based on nano- and micro-electromechanical systems is investigated.

Truly random numbers are in great demand in various applications. Self-testing quantum random number generators provide a way to verify that random numbers indeed come from quantum effects. Optical quantum random number generators of this type are the most promising but due to their relative complexity have been realized only as a macroscopic prototype. Miniaturization of such devices opens the way to commercial use. Quantum photonics provides the means to achieve this goal. We discuss general design of self-testing optical quantum random number generator and the ways to implement it as a compact integrated photonic circuit within current technological reach.

The article reviews the design of modern smart sensors and popular service-oriented protocols for sensor communication. Most standards limit potentiality useful features achievable by communication. We present the approach of utilizing a service-oriented architecture to enhance smart capabilities of sensors and increase reliability and functionality of distributed systems. Several examples are discussed.

The state of development and production of test and control equipment with nano- and microsize resolution is investigated. The results of the development analysis are presented, the classification of piezoactuators and piezomotors of the leading manufacturers is compiled. The most characteristic structures of piezoelectric motors are considered. It is shown that stepped piezoelectric motors satisfy the requirements imposed on the actuators of test and control equipment.

The problem of creation of piezo actuators and piezo motors for nano- and micropositioning is considered. The analysis of the market for piezo actuators and piezo motors is done, the main types of piezo actuators, widely spread in the world, are defined. The original design of stepper piezo motors for nano- and micropositioning is described. The research tasks concerning the development and improvement of piezo actuators and piezo motors are summarized.

In this study, we simulate propagation of a Gaussian wavepacket through a two-dimensional quantum waveguide. The model is based on Schrödinger equation, which is solved by original matrix formulation of an alternating direction implicit (ADI) method. The approach is suitable for parallelization and execution on modern graphics accelerators.

The article describes a portable hardware and software complex for calibration and verification of pressure sensors. Its distinguishing feature is application of integrating scanning frequency converter (ISFC) in combination with a personal computer (or laptop). The algorithm and the program allow processing of a signal coming from ISFC through a computer sound card.

Монокристаллы MgF2 получены из расплава методом Бриджмена во фторирующей атмосфере. Для контроля наличия примеси кислорода в кристаллах MgF2 впервые предложено использовать измерения ионной проводимости методом импедансной спектроскопии. Характеристики ионной проводимости выращенных кристаллов “as grown” (не подвергнутых термической обработке) и кристаллов, полученных по промышленной вакуумной технологии, практически совпадают и составляют: объемная проводимость v = 1.4 ? 10-7 См/см при 773 K и энергия активации ионного транспорта Ea = 1.40 ± 0.05 эВ. Отжиг кристаллов MgF2 в ходе электрофизических исследований при нагревании 293–823 K в вакууме 1 Па в течение 4 ч обнаружил их частичный пирогидролиз. Изучено влияние такой термообработки кристаллов на их оптическое пропускание в диапазоне длин волн 115–300 нм.

MgF 2 single crystals have been grown from melt by the Bridgman technique in a fluorinating atmosphere. To control the presence of oxygen impurity, it was first suggested to measure the ionic conductivity in MgF 2 crystals by impedance spectroscopy. The characteristics of ionic conductivity of “ as grown ” (i.e., without thermal treatment) crystals and crystals obtained by commercial vacuum technology practically coincide: the volume conductivity σ v = 1.4 × 10 −7 S/cm at 773 K and the ion-transport activation energy E a = 1.40 ± 0.05 eV. Annealing MgF 2 crystals during electrophysical studies upon heating from 293 to 823 K in vacuum (residual pressure ∼1 Pa) for 4 h led to their partial pyrohydrolisis. The influence of this thermal treatment of MgF 2 crystals on their optical transmission is studied in the wavelength range of 115–300 nm.

The use of the method of biharmonic spline interpolation in the approximation of the conversion function of sensors is considered. A division of the method into two phases, which makes it possible to transfer most of the computations to the stage of calibration, is proposed. The advantages of the method by comparison with polynomial interpolation and its applicability in the case of the conversion function of several variables are demonstrated.

An original model of the growth of thin-film surfaces is proposed. It is a stochastic cellular automaton taking particle diffusion into account. It makes it possible to study the influence of the substrate temperature and the deposition rate and time on the parameters characterizing the surface morphology. The results of the comparison of experimental data obtained using atomic-force microscopy and our theoretical data obtained by means of simulation using the proposed diffusion model are presented.

Thin-film nano- and micro-electromechanical systems of pressure transducers, experimental and theoretical research methods, and the results of estimation of the parameters of the morphology of the surfaces of films are considered. A model and algorithm for the description of the growth of thin films that takes diffusion into account are developed.

The concepts and definitions of smart sensors are analyzed and their minimal structure and functions are made more precise. A review is provided of existing standards aimed at unification of digital sensor interfaces, simplification of sensor network creation, insertion of smart sensors into networks, and network access to sensor resources.

Предложена оригинальная модель роста поверхности тонких пленок, представляющая собой стохастический клеточный автомат и учитывающая диффузию частиц. Она позволяет исследовать влияние температуры подложки, скорости и времени осаждения на параметры, характеризующие морфологию поверхности. Обсуждаются результаты экспериментов, полученные с помощью атомно-силовой микроскопии, в сравнении с теоретическими данными, полученными путем моделирования с использованием предложенной диффузионной модели.

The luminescence, reflection, and luminescence excitation spectra of two-component Ca1 − x Sr x F2:Ce3+ (0.05 mol %) (x = 0.14, 0.25, 0.4, 0.6, and 0.75) have been studied at room temperature and T = 8 K. It is shown that the luminescence bands (upon 130-eV photon excitation) in the range of 200 to 400 nm are attributed to singlet and triplet self-trapped exciton luminescence and to 5d-4f transitions in Ce3+.