Inclusive e$^+$e$^-$ production has been studied with HADES in $\pi^-$ + p, $\pi^-$ + C and $\pi^- + \mathrm{CH}_2$ reactions, using the GSI pion beam at $\sqrt{s_{\pi p}}$ = 1.49 GeV. Invariant mass and transverse momentum distributions have been measured and reveal contributions from Dalitz decays of $\pi^0$, $\eta$ mesons and baryon resonances. The transverse momentum distributions are very sensitive to the underlying kinematics of the various processes. The baryon contribution exhibits a deviation up to a factor seven from the QED reference expected for the dielectron decay of a hypothetical point-like baryon with the production cross section constrained from the inverse $\gamma$ n$\rightarrow \pi^-$ p reaction. The enhancement is attributed to a strong four-momentum squared dependence of the time-like electromagnetic transition form factors as suggested by Vector Meson Dominance (VMD). Two versions of the VMD, that differ in the photon-baryon coupling, have been applied in simulations and compared to data. VMD1 (or two-component VMD) assumes a coupling via the $\rho$ meson and a direct coupling of the photon, while in VMD2 (or strict VMD) the coupling is only mediated via the $\rho$ meson. The VMD2 model, frequently used in transport calculations for dilepton decays, is found to overestimate the measured dielectron yields, while a good description of the data can be obtained with the VMD1 model assuming no phase difference between the two amplitudes. Similar descriptions have also been obtained using a time-like baryon transition form factor model where the pion cloud plays the major role.
The Electromagnetic Calorimeter (ECAL) was fully installed and commissioned in 2023 as apart of the HADES experiment at FAIR-GSI, Germany. HADES is a versatile magnetic spectrometer designed to study medium modifications of light vector mesons through their dilepton decay in heavy-ion collisions and to explore the QCD phase diagram at high baryonic densities and low temperatures. The ECAL setup comprises six sectors with 163 modules each, using Cherenkov light detection with lead-glass prisms and photomultiplier tubes. Preliminary results from the pi 0 invariant mass reconstruction during the C+C 800 A MeV HADES experiment in February 2024 are presented.
The nuclear equation of state (EOS) is at the center of numerous theoretical and experimental efforts in nuclear physics. With advances in microscopic theories for nuclear interactions, the availability of experiments probing nuclear matter under conditions not reached before, endeavors to develop sophisticated and reliable transport simulations to interpret these experiments, and the advent of multi-messenger astronomy, the next decade will bring new opportunities for determining the nuclear matter EOS, elucidating its dependence on density, temperature, and isospin asymmetry. Among controlled terrestrial experiments, collisions of heavy nuclei at intermediate beam energies (from a few tens of MeV/nucleon to about 25 GeV/nucleon in the fixed-target frame) probe the widest ranges of baryon density and temperature, enabling studies of nuclear matter from a few tenths to about 5 times the nuclear saturation density and for temperatures from a few to well above a hundred MeV, respectively. Collisions of neutron-rich isotopes further bring the opportunity to probe effects due to the isospin asymmetry. However, capitalizing on the enormous scientific effort aimed at uncovering the dense nuclear matter EOS, both at RHIC and at FRIB as well as at other international facilities, depends on the continued development of state-of-the-art hadronic transport simulations. This white paper highlights the essential role that heavy-ion collision experiments and hadronic transport simulations play in understanding strong interactions in dense nuclear matter, with an emphasis on how these efforts can be used together with microscopic approaches and neutron star studies to uncover the nuclear EOS.
Hadron production ( π ^± , proton, Λ , K_S^0 , K^± ) in π ^- + C and π ^- + W collisions is investigated at an incident pion beam momentum of 1.7 GeV/c . This comprehensive set of data measured with HADES at SIS18/GSI significantly extends the existing world data on hadron production in pion induced reactions and provides a new reference for models that are commonly used for the interpretation of heavy-ion collisions. The measured inclusive differential production cross-sections are compared with state-of-the-art transport model (GiBUU, SMASH) calculations. The (semi-) exclusive channel π ^- + A →Λ + K_S^0 +X , in which the kinematics of the strange hadrons are correlated, is also investigated and compared to a model calculation. Agreement and remaining tensions between data and the current version of the considered transport models are discussed.
The production of Σ ^0 hyperons in proton proton collisions at a beam kinetic energy of 3.5 GeV impinging on a liquid hydrogen target was investigated using data collected with the HADES setup. The total production cross section is found to be σ (pK^+Σ ^0) = 17.7 ± 1.7 (stat) ± 1.6 (syst) µb. Differential cross section distributions of the exclusive channel pp → pK^+Σ ^0 were analyzed in the center-of-mass, Gottfried–Jackson and helicity reference frames for the first time at the excess energy of 556 MeV. The data support the interplay between pion and kaon exchange mechanisms and clearly demonstrate the contribution of interfering nucleon resonances decaying to K^+Σ ^0 . The Bonn–Gatchina partial wave analysis was employed to analyse the data. Due to the limited statistics, it was not possible to obtain an unambiguous determination of the relative contribution of intermediate nucleon resonances to the final state. However nucleon resonances with masses around 1.710 GeV/c^2 ( N^*(1710) ) and 1.900 GeV/c^2 ( N^*(1900) or Δ ^*(1900) ) are preferred by the fit.
High-precision measurements of flow coefficients v_n ( n = 1 - 4 ) for protons, deuterons and tritons relative to the first-order spectator plane have been performed in Au+Au collisions at √(s__NN)= 2.4 GeV with the High-Acceptance Di-Electron Spectrometer (HADES) at the SIS18/GSI. Flow coefficients are studied as a function of transverse momentum p_t and rapidity y_cm over a large region of phase-space and for several classes of collision centrality. A clear mass hierarchy, as expected by relativistic hydrodynamics, is found for the slope of v_1 , d v_1/d y^'|_y^' = 0 where y^' is the scaled rapidity, and for v_2 at mid-rapidity. Scaling with the number of nucleons is observed for the p_t dependence of v_2 and v_4 at mid-rapidity, which is indicative for nuclear coalescence as the main process responsible for light nuclei formation. v_2 is found to scale with the initial eccentricity ⟨ϵ _2⟩ , while v_4 scales with ⟨ϵ _2⟩ ^2 and ⟨ϵ _4⟩ . The multi-differential high-precision data on v_1 , v_2 , v_3 , and v_4 provides important constraints on the equation-of-state of compressed baryonic matter.
Activation measurements of neutron-induced threshold reactions were studied employing 7Li(p,n) quasi mono-energetic neutron sources in the neutron energy range of 30–94 MeV, where scarce experimental and evaluated data exist. A novel iterative neutron background subtraction approach is presented for the first time and its successful application is demonstrated on the analysis of the excitation functions of (n,xn) reactions in Au, Bi and Ta with x up to 10. Some of them are on the High Priority Nuclear Data Request List (HPRL). A comprehensive comparison of the measured data with theoretical predictions using the TALYS code is presented. While the calculated cross-sections agree with the measurements for lower-threshold reactions, severe discrepancies are observed for higher (n,xn) reactions for any of the TALYS model parameters.
The double differential production cross sections, $d^2σ/dΩdE$, for hydrogen isotopes and charged pions in the reaction of p + Nb at 3.5 GeV proton beam energy have been measured by the High Acceptance DiElectron Spectrometer (HADES). Thanks to the high acceptance of HADES at forward emission angles and usage of its magnetic field, the measured energy range of hydrogen isotopes could be significantly extended in comparison to the relatively scarce experimental data available in the literature. The data provide information about the development of the intranuclear cascade in the proton-nucleus collisions. They can as well be utilized to study the rate of energy/momentum dissipation in the nuclear systems and the mechanism of elementary and composite particle production in excited nuclear matter at normal density. Data of this type are important also for technological and medical applications. Our results are compared to models developed to describe the processes relevant to nuclear spallation (INCL++) or oriented to probe either the elementary hadronic processes in nuclear matter or the behavior of compressed nuclear matter (GiBUU).
G. Agakishiev, A. Balanda, R. Bassini, D. Belver, A.V. Belyaev, A. Blanco, M. Böhmer, J. L. Boyard, P. Braun-Munzinger, P. Cabanelas, E. Castro, S. Chernenko, T. Christ, M. Destefanis, J. Dı́az, F. Dohrmann, A. Dybczak, T. Eberl, L. Fabbietti, O. V. Fateev, P. Finocchiaro, P. Fonte, J. Friese, I. Fröhlich, T. Galatyuk, J. A. Garzón, R. Gernhäuser, A. Gil, C. Gilardi, M. Golubeva, D. González-Dı́az, F. Guber, T. Hennino, R. Holzmann, I. Iori, A. Ivashkin, M. Jurkovic, B. Kämpfer, K. Kanaki, T. Karavicheva, D. Kirschner, I. Koenig, W. Koenig, B. W. Kolb, R. Kotte, F. Krizek, R. Krücken, W. Kühn, A. Kugler, A. Kurepin, S. Lang, J. S. Lange, K. Lapidus, T. Liu, L. Lopes, M. Lorenz, L. Maier, A. Mangiarotti, J. Markert, V. Metag, B. Michalska, J. Michel, D. Mishra, E. Morinière, J. Mousa, C. Müntz, L. Naumann, J. Otwinowski, Y. C. Pachmayer, M. Palka, Y. Parpottas, V. Pechenov, O. Pechenova, J. Pietraszko, W. Przygoda, B. Ramstein, A. Reshetin, M. Roy-Stephan, A. Rustamov, A. Sadovsky, B. Sailer, P. Salabura, A. Schmah, Yu. G. Sobolev, S. Spataro, B. Spruck, H. Ströbele, J. Stroth, C. Sturm, M. Sudol, A. Tarantola, K. Teilab, P. Tlusty, M. Traxler, R. Trebacz, H. Tsertos, V. Wagner, M. Weber, M. Wisniowski, T. Wojcik, J. Wüstenfeld, S. Yurevich, Y. V. Zanevsky, P. Zhou (HADES collaboration) Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, 95125 Catania, Italy LIP-Laboratório de Instrumentação e Fı́sica Experimental de Partı́culas , 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University of Cracow, 30-059 Kraków, Poland GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany Institut für Strahlenphysik, Forschungszentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01314 Dresden, Germany Joint Institute of Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna, Russia Institut für Kernphysik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany II.Physikalisches Institut, Justus Liebig Universität Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy Institute for Nuclear Research, Russian Academy of Science, 117312 Moscow, Russia Physik Department E12, Technische Universität München, 85748 München, Germany Department of Physics, University of Cyprus, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus Institut de Physique Nucléaire (UMR 8608), CNRS/IN2P3 Université Paris Sud, F-91406 Orsay Cedex, France Nuclear Physics Institute, Academy of Sciences of Czech Republic, 25068 Rez, Czech Republic Departamento de Fı́sica de Partı́culas, Univ. de Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain Instituto de Fı́sica Corpuscular, Universidad de Valencia-CSIC, 46971 Valencia, Spain a also at ISEC Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal b also at Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany c also at Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy d also at Excellence Cluster Universe, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
We discuss new experimental results on the mechanisms of light nuclei production, fluctuations of conserved charges and the emissivity of matter, studied with HADES at SIS18. The multi-differential representations of hadron and dilepton spectra, collective effects and particle correlations are confronted with hitherto model calculations.
The Nuclotron-based Ion Collider fAcility (NICA) is under construction at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR), with commissioning of the facility expected in late 2022. The Multi-Purpose Detector (MPD) has been designed to operate at NICA and its components are currently in production. The detector is expected to be ready for data taking with the first beams from NICA. This document provides an overview of the landscape of the investigation of the QCD phase diagram in the region of maximum baryonic density, where NICA and MPD will be able to provide significant and unique input. It also provides a detailed description of the MPD set-up, including its various subsystems as well as its support and computing infrastructures. Selected performance studies for particular physics measurements at MPD are presented and discussed in the context of existing data and theoretical expectations.
In nuclear collisions the incident protons generate a Coulomb field which acts on produced charged particles. The impact of these interactions on charged-pion transverse-mass and rapidity spectra, as well as on pion–pion momentum correlations is investigated in Au + Au collisions at $$\sqrt{s_\text {NN}}$$ = 2.4 GeV. We show that the low- $$m_t$$ region ( $$m_t < 0.2$$ GeV/ $$c^2$$ ) can be well described with a Coulomb-modified Boltzmann distribution that also takes changes of the Coulomb field during the expansion of the fireball into account. The observed centrality dependence of the fitted mean Coulomb potential energy deviates strongly from a $$A_{\text {part}}^{2/3}$$ scaling, indicating that, next to the fireball, the non-interacting charged spectators have to be taken into account. For the most central collisions, the Coulomb modifications of the HBT source radii are found to be consistent with the potential extracted from the single-pion transverse-mass distributions. This finding suggests that the region of homogeneity obtained from two-pion correlations coincides with the region in which the pions freeze-out. Using the inferred mean-square radius of the charge distribution at freeze-out, we have deduced a baryon density, in fair agreement with values obtained from statistical hadronization model fits to the particle yields.
The BM@N is a fixed target experiment aimed to study (multi) strange hyperons production and to search for hypernuclei in nucleus-nucleus collisions at beam ion energies up to 4.5 A GeV. The BM@N is also the most suitable experiment for the study of fragmentation in heavy ion collisions. The BM@N powerful analyzing dipole magnet deflects the charged spectators and partially separates them from the neutron spectators. The separate measurements of charged and neutron spectators allow to determine the geometry of nuclear collisions (centrality and reaction plane orientation) as well as to study the mechanisms of fragmentation and the equation of state of nuclear matter. The measurements of the heavy charged fragments and proton spectators will be performed with the quartz and scintillator hodoscopes correspondingly, while the forward hadron calorimeter will be used to measure the neutron spectators. Results of simulation of the proposed forward detector system are discussed, showing that the new experimental fragmentation data for heavy ion collisions are needed to validate fragmentation models.
The global polarization of Lambda hyperons along the total orbital angular momentum of a relativistic heavy-ion collision is presented based on the high statistics data samples collected in Au+Au collisions at root s(NN)= 2.4GeV and Ag+Ag at 2.55 GeV with the High-Acceptance Di-Electron Spectrometer (HADES) at GSI, Darmstadt. This is the first measurement below the strangeness production threshold in nucleon-nucleon collisions. Results are reported as a function of the collision centrality as well as a function of the hyperon's transverse momentum (p(T)) and rapidity (y(CM)) for the range of centrality 0-40%. We observe a strong centrality dependence of the polarization with an increasing signal towards peripheral collisions. For mid-central (20 - 40%) collisions the polarization magnitudes are < P-Lambda >(%) = 6.8 +/- 1.3 (stat.) +/- 2.1 (syst.) for Au+Au and < P-Lambda >(%) = 6.2 +/- 0.4 (stat.) +/- 0.6 (syst.) for Ag+Ag, which are the largest values observed so far. This observation thus provides a continuation of the increasing trend previously observed by STAR and contrasts expectations from recent theoretical calculations predicting a maximum in the region of collision energies about 3GeV. The observed polarization is of a similar magnitude as predicted by 3D-fluid-dynamics and the UrQMD plus thermal vorticity model and significantly above results from the AMPT model. (c) 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
In March 2019 the HADES experiment recorded 14 billion Ag+Ag collisions at √sNN = 2.55 GeV as a part of the FAIR phase-0 physics program. In this contribution, we present and investigate our capabilities to reconstruct and analyze weakly decaying strange hadrons and hypernuclei emerging from these collisions. The focus is put on measuring the mean lifetimes of these particles.
In this letter we report the first multi-differential measurement of correlated pion-proton pairs from 2 billion Au+Au collisions at sNN=2.42 GeV collected with HADES. In this energy regime the population of Δ(1232) resonances plays an important role in the way energy is distributed between intrinsic excitation energy and kinetic energy of the hadrons in the fireball. The triple differential d3N/dMπ±pdpTdy distributions of correlated π±p pairs have been determined by subtracting the πp combinatorial background using an iterative method. The invariant-mass distributions in the Δ(1232) mass region show strong deviations from a Breit-Wigner function with vacuum width and mass. The yield of correlated pion-proton pairs exhibits a complex isospin, rapidity and transverse-momentum dependence. In the invariant mass range 1.1
Currently, the HADES spectrometer undergoes un upgrade pro gram to be prepared for measurements at the upcoming SIS-100 synchrotron at FAIR. We de scribe the current status of the HADES di-electron measurements at the SIS-18 and our future plans for SIS-100. 1 Current experimental status The experimental determination of hadron properties insid e trongly interacting media (normal nuclear or hot and dense matter) is one of the very interestin g challenges in hadronic physics (see [1] for a review). As the strong coupling αs becomes very large below the QCD scale ΛQCD ≈ 200 MeV, non-perturbative effects as confinement and the breaki ng of chiral symmetry rule the nature of strong interactions in the universe (besi de extreme cases like neutron stars) solely. Experimentally, the approach to get a deeper unders tanding of these features is to create nuclear matter under extreme conditions in the laboratory w hich can be done by employing heavy ion reactions, only. During the evolution of the fireball, created in the course of heavy ion collisions, the properties of nuclear matter change drastically (see [2] for a deta iled discussion): starting as a hot and dense intermediate state eventually with “free” ( i.e., only partly or weakly bound) quarks and gluons the system cools down until the exchange of resonance species stops (chemical freezeout) and finally the particles do not scatter any longer elast ic lly (thermal freeze-out). Our goal is, however, to gather information of the early phase, i.e. before the chemical freeze-out occurs. One of the main probes (if not the only one) which carry undist orted information over the entire history are di-leptons ( ee orμμ) as they are not hampered by final-state interactions. This included the first-chance radiation (bremsstrahlung) , radiation from short-lived resonances (the real “messengers” which have a life time shorter then th ose of the fireball) and post-freezeout sources, such as the late π and η Dalitz decays, which can be subtracted if their yields and distributions at the freeze-out point are precisely kno wn. Now, after a successful decade of measurements of electromagnetic probes (summarized in [ 3, 4]) there is common agreement that only by systematic studies in various systems over a wid e energy range, conclusions of the Future perspectives at SIS-100 with HADES-at-FAIR 3 following questions can be drawn: when does the onset of deco nfinement appear, and how it is related to chiral symmetry restoration? Recently, HADES [5] has added valuable measurements of di-e lectron mass spectra for light A + A [6] systems as well as for (quasi-free) p + N collisions [7] at kinetic beam energies of 1-2 AGeV and 3.5 GeV, which has triggered a lot of theoretic al activities [8]. One of the main features of HADES is that at the same time it measures als o h drons: pions for absolute normalization [9] and hadrons containing strangeness [10] . To summarize the setup at this point, HADES is a magnetic spec trometer, consisting of up to 4 planes of Mini Drift Chambers (MDC) with a toroidal field c reated by a superconducting magnet. Particle identification is based on momentum and tim e-of-flight measurements. In addition, a Ring Imaging Cherenkov detector (RICH) and an elec tromagnetic Pre-Shower detector provide electron identification capabilities. HADES will continue its program at its current place at SIS-1 8, and then move to the upcoming FAIR accelerator complex. Here, HADES will continue its experimental program up to kinetic beam energies per nucleon of 8 GeV at SIS-100. This is one of the main reason for upgrading the HADES detector and its trigger and readout sys tem, which will be outlined in the following. 2 The upgrade program for HADES-at-FAIR
We present in this work the calibration procedure and a performance study of long scintillator bars used for the time-offlight (TOF) measurement in the HADES experiment. The digital front-end electronics installed at the TOF detector required to develop novel calibration methods. The exceptional performance of the spectrometer for particle identification and pointing accuracy allows one to determine in great detail the response of scintillators to minimum ionizing particles. A substantial position sensitivity of the calibration parameters has been found, in particular for the signal time walk. After including the position dependence, the timing accuracy for minimum ionizing particles was improved from 190 ps to 135 ps for the shortest rods (1475 mm) and to 165 ps for the longest (2356 mm). These results are in accordance with the time degradation length of the scintillator bars, as determined from previous measurements.
Adamczewski-Musch, J.; Arnold, O.; Atomssa, E. T.; Behnke, C.; Belounnas, A.; Belyaev, A.; Berger-Chen, J. C.; Biernat, J.; Blanco, A.; Blume, C.; Böhmer, M.; Chernenko, S.; Chlad, L.; Chudoba, P.; Ciepał, I.; Deveaux, C.; Dittert, D.; Dreyer, J.; Epple, E.; Fabbietti, L.; Fateev, O.; Fonte, P.; Franco, C.; Friese, J.; Fröhlich, I.; Galatyuk, T.; Garzón, J. A.; Gernhäuser, R.; Golubeva, M.; Greifenhagen, R.; Guber, F.; Gumberidze, M.; Harabasz, S.; Heinz, T.; Hennino, T.; Höhne, C.; Holzmann, R.; Ierusalimov, A.; Ivashkin, A.; Kämpfer, B.; Kardan, B.; Koenig, I.; Koenig, W.; Kolb, B. W.; Korcyl, G.; Kornakov, G.; Kornas, F.; Kotte, R.; Kuboś, J.; Kugler, A.; Kunz, T.; Kurepin, A.; Kurilkin, A.; Kurilkin, P.; Ladygin, V.; Lalik, R.; Lapidus, K.; Lebedev, A.; Linev, S.; Lopes, L.; Lorenz, M.; Mahmoud, T.; Maier, L.; Malige, A.; Markert, J.; Maurus, S.; Metag, V.; Michel, J.; Mihaylov, D. M.; Mikhaylov, V.; Morozov, S.; Müntz, C.; Münzer, R.; Naumann, L.; Nowakowski, K.; Parpottas, Y.; Pechenov, V.; Pechenova, O.; Petukhov, O.; Pietraszko, J.; Prozorov, A. P.; Przygoda, W.; Ramstein, B.; Rathod, N.; Reshetin, A.; Rodriguez-Ramos, P.; Rost, A.; Sadovsky, A.; Salabura, P.; Scheib, T.; SchmidtSommerfeld, K.; Schuldes, H.; Schwab, E.; Scozzi, F.; Seck, F.; Sellheim, P.; Siebenson, J.; Silva, L.; Sing, U.; Smyrski, J.; Spataro, S.; Spies, S.; Ströbele, H.; Stroth, J.; Strzempek, P.; Sturm, C.; Svoboda, O.; Szala, M.; Tlusty, P.; Traxler, M.; Tsertos, H.; Ungethüm, C.; Vazquez-Doce, O.; Wagner, V.; Wendisch, C.; Wiebusch, M. G.; Wirth, J.; Wójcik, D.; Zanevsky, Y.; Zumbruch, P.;
G. Agakishiev, A. Balanda, B. Bannier, R. Bassini , D. Belver, A.V. Belyaev, A. Blanco, M. Böhmer, J. L. Boyard, P. Braun-Munzinger , P. Cabanelas , E. Castro, S. Chernenko , T. Christ, M. Destefanis , J. Dı́az, F. Dohrmann, A. Dybczak, T. Eberl , W. Enghardt , L. Fabbietti , O.V. Fateev, P. Finocchiaro, P. Fonte, J. Friese, I. Fröhlich, T. Galatyuk, J. A. Garzón, R. Gernhäuser , A. Gil, C. Gilardi, M. Golubeva, D. González-Dı́az , F. Guber , M. Heilmann, T. Heinz, T. Hennino, R. Holzmann, A. Ierusalimov, I. Iori, A. Ivashkin, M. Jurkovic, B. Kämpfer, K. Kanaki, T. Karavicheva, D. Kirschner, I. Koenig, W. Koenig, B. W. Kolb, R. Kotte, F. Krizek, R. Krücken, W. Kühn, A. Kugler, A. Kurepin, S. Lang, J. S. Lange , K. Lapidus, T. Liu, L. Lopes, M. Lorenz, L. Maier, A. Mangiarotti , J. Markert , V. Metag, B. Michalska, J. Michel , D. Mishra, E. Morinière, J. Mousa, C. Müntz, L. Naumann, J. Otwinowski , Y. C. Pachmayer , M. Palka, Y. Parpottas , V. Pechenov , O. Pechenova , T. Pérez Cavalcanti , J. Pietraszko , W. Przygoda, B. Ramstein, A. Reshetin, M. Roy-Stephan , A. Rustamov, A. Sadovsky, B. Sailer, P. Salabura , A. Schmah, E. Schwab, Yu.G. Sobolev, S. Spataro , B. Spruck, H. Ströbele, J. Stroth, C. Sturm, M. Sudol , A. Tarantola, K. Teilab, P. Tlusty, M. Traxler, R. Trebacz , H. Tsertos, V. Wagner, M. Weber, M. Wisniowski, T. Wojcik, J. Wüstenfeld, S. Yurevich, Y.V. Zanevsky, P. Zhou, P. Zumbruch