Comparative retrospective analysis of treatment results of three different chemotherapy protocols - ALL BFM 90m, ALL MB 91 and PECO 92 — in primary ALL patients aged before 18 years, registered in Moscow and St-Petersburg clinics from 01.01.1993 to 01.01.1999 is presented. It has been shown, that treatment results of PECO 92 protocol have appeared much worse, thus, any differences in treatment results for children with ALL between ALL BFM 90m and ALL MB 91 protocols were not revealed. Event-free survival (pEFS) of St-Petersburg' patients, received PECO 92 protocol (60±3%), was significantly worse, in comparison with patients treated according to ALL BFM 90m protocol (74±4%; р=0,0056) and ALL MB 91 protocol (73±4%; р=0,0239). The high incidence of relapses became a main cause of efficacy decreasing. Differences of induction and remission death incidences between three chemotherapy protocols were not revealed. Significant and most expressive EFS differences between PECO-92 and two other protocols were obtained in boys, in a 1—10 age group, and in patients with leukocytes count > 100 000/mm3, in patients with non-T-ALL and in patients with spleen size >4 cm.

Целью данной работы было выявление доступных в рутинной практике маркеров наличия гипераммониемии (ГАМ) и оценка эффективности орнитина в коррекции ГАМ и ее клинических проявлений у пациентов с неалкогольной жировой болезнью печени (НАЖБП) на доцирротической стадии.У амбулаторных пациентов с НАЖБП в стадии стеатоза печени проведена оценка печеночных тестов, степени фиброза по шкале FIB-4, гепатогенной слабости (ГС) по визуальной аналоговой шкале, уровня аммиака крови, определены корреляционные связи между этими показателями. После 4-недельного курса терапии орнитином в дозе 15 г/сутки перорально у части пациентов проведена оценка динамики аммониемии и ГС.Включен 41 пациент, средний возраст 46 10 лет. Среднее значение ГС составило 5,36 1,38 балла с оценкой 5 баллов и выше у 70% пациентов. Уровень аммиака крови составил в среднем 108 53,3 мкмоль/л. ГАМ с уровнем аммиака 60 мкмоль/л отмечена у 36 пациентов (87,8%). При корреляционном анализе выявлена значимая прямая связь между уровнем аммониемии и гамма-глютамилтранспептидазы (ГГТП) ( = 0,418, р = 0,017), а также между аммониемией и ГС ( = 0,358, р = 0,047). Терапия орнитином у 17 пациентов сопровождалась значимым снижением аммониемии (с 141,5 54,9 до 98,5 47,2 мкмоль/л, р = 0,0001) и ГС (с 5,64 1,39 до 4,14 1,70 балла, р = 0,014).Установлено, что у пациентов с начальными стадиями НАЖБП выявляется высокая распространенность ГАМ. Степень ГС и уровень ГГТП отражают выраженность и могут использоваться в качестве маркеров этого нарушения. Терапия орнитином позволяет эффективно снизить уровень аммониемии и улучшить клиническую симптоматику у пациентов с НАЖБП.

The article analyses the marketing evolution, gives the original approach to marketing definition, emphasizes the significance of strategic, marketing both from the point of simulation of any enterprise future activity and from the point of chosen courses of its activity. The concept of marketing complex is also analyzed. The application of marketing is different fields, creation of new technologies, interactive marketing and the internet allow to enrich the marketing complex with new elements, which extend its application for solving different marketing tasks. The concept of human subjectivity in the context of marketing strategy is presented as well.

Treatment results in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) treating in St.-Petersburg hospitals according to two modified version of German protocol CO ALL-92 from 01.01.1993 to 01.01.2007 are presented. 438 primary A LL patients aged from 4 months to 17 year s have been included in the study . ALL diagnosed according to international criteria. Based on prognostic factors patients were a llocated to one of two risk groups, which determined therapy intensity . The total treatment duration in both groups w as 2 years and consist ed of 5.5–8 months intensive phase with subsequent maintenance therapy . A comparative treatment results analysis in children with A LL according to two modified versions of COALL-92 is presented.

В статье представлены результаты лечения детей с острым лимфобластным лейкозом (ОЛЛ) в Санкт-Петербурге за период с 01.01.1993 по 01.01.2007. В качестве терапевтической программы использовались две модифицированные версии немецкой программы COALL-92: протоколы PECO-92 и COALL-С-Петербург-92, основанные на применении интенсивной химиотерапии. В исследование было включено 438 первичных пациентов с ОЛЛ в возрасте до 18 лет, проживающих в Санкт-Петербурге и Ленинградской области. Диагноз острого лимфобластного лейкоза устанавливали на основании международных критериев, с последующей стратификацией пациентов на 2 группы риска. Приводится сравнительный анализ результатов лечения в соответствии с двумя версиями немецкого протокола COALL 92. Обсуждаются причины различной терапевтической эффективности протоколов PECO-92 и COALL-С-Петербург-92 и пути дальнейшей оптимизации терапии ОЛЛ у детей.

Regardless the success gained in treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, several problems still remain to be solved, such as: overcoming primary drug resistance and minimizing the amount of relapses as well as decreasing of chemotherapy toxicity without detriment to the final outcome of the treatment. Development of an optimal chemotherapeutical strategy still remains a hot issue. Objective: to evaluate an efficacy of two modifications of German protocol COALL-92 in treatment of ALL in children in St.-Petersburg. Methods: the retrospective analysis of results of treatment in patients under 18 years old with ALL was performed. The diagnosis was confirmed according to international criteria. The treatment was performed via protocols PECO-92 and COALL-St.-Petersburg-92. Results: 438 initial patients with ALL were treated in St.-Petersburg clinics during the period from 01.01.1993 to 01.01.2007. At the time of analysis the probability of event-free survival (pEFS) was 60% in group of PECO-92 protocol and 70% — in COALL group (plog-rank = 0,048), probability of relapse-free survival (рRFS) was 65 and 74% (plog-rank = 0,002), probability of overall survival was (pOS) 78 and 70%, correspondingly (plog-rank = 0,079). Conclusion: inclusion of protocol treatment in practice of St.-Petersburg hospitals resulted in significant improvement of treatment results in children with ALL. The problem of both versions of COALL protocol is high rate of postremission mortality due to high toxicity of intensive stage if chemotherapy. Key words: children, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, intensive chemotherapy. (Voprosy sovremennoi pediatrii — Current Pediatrics. 2011; 10 (3): 33–42)

Regardless the success gained in treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, several problems still remain to be solved, such as: overcoming primary drug resistance and minimizing the amount of relapses as well as decreasing of chemotherapy toxicity without detriment to the final outcome of the treatment. Development of an optimal chemotherapeutical strategy still remains a hot issue. Objective: to evaluate an efficacy of two modifications of German protocol COALL-92 in treatment of ALL in children in St.-Petersburg. Methods: the retrospective analysis of results of treatment in patients under 18 years old with ALL was performed. The diagnosis was confirmed according to international criteria. The treatment was performed via protocols PECO-92 and COALL-St.-Petersburg-92. Results: 438 initial patients with ALL were treated in St.-Petersburg clinics during the period from 01.01.1993 to 01.01.2007. At the time of analysis the probability of event-free survival (pEFS) was 60% in group of PECO-92 protocol and 70% — in COALL group (plog-rank = 0,048), probability of relapse-free survival (рRFS) was 65 and 74% (plog-rank = 0,002), probability of overall survival was (pOS) 78 and 70%, correspondingly (plog-rank = 0,079). Conclusion: inclusion of protocol treatment in practice of St.-Petersburg hospitals resulted in significant improvement of treatment results in children with ALL. The problem of both versions of COALL protocol is high rate of postremission mortality due to high toxicity of intensive stage if chemotherapy.Key words: children, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, intensive chemotherapy.(Voprosy sovremennoi pediatrii — Current Pediatrics. 2011; 10 (3): 33–42)

An experimental study was made of the process of densification of zirconium diboride—niobium alloys containing 80, 60, and 40 mole% ZrB2. It was established that the highest density is attained after pressing for 8–10 min at temperatures of 2000–2100°C under a pressure of 18.4 MPa.

An investigation was made into the kinetics of diffusion layer growth during the reactions of titanium, zirconium, niobium, chromium, molybdenum, and tungsten carbides with cobalt.

A study was made of the relation between total and open porosity in the sintering of metal-carbide materials in a wide range of concentrations of their starting components.

The mechanical properties of precipitation-hardened cobalt-carbide materials have been studied in the temperature interval−96° to 800°C. It has been shown that such materials have strengths 2–3 times greater than pure cobalt, while still retaining satisfactory plasticity.

A study was made of the effects of compaction pressure and carbide content on the ejection force for the systems Fe-ZrC, Fe-NbC, Fe-Mo2C, Co-ZrC, Co-NbC, Co-Mo2C, Ni-ZrC, Ni-NbC, and Ni-Mo2C. It is demonstrated that the Pe/Pc ratio nonlinearly increases with rise in compaction pressure. With increase in carbide content, the value of Pe/Pc diminishes.