Photodeposition can effectively regulate charge transfer sites and deposit the second semiconductor at a specific site to form a direct Z-scheme.

Porous silicon has found wide applications in many different fields including catalysis and lithium-ion batteries. Three-dimensional hierarchical macro-/mesoporous silicon is synthesized from zero-dimensional Stöber silica particles through a facile and scalable magnesiothermic reduction process. By systematic structure characterization of the macro-/mesoporous silicon, a self-templating mechanism governing the formation of the porous silicon is proposed. Applications as lithium-ion battery anode and photocatalytic hydrogen evolution catalyst are demonstrated. It is found that the macro-/mesoporous silicon shows significantly improved cyclic and rate performance over the commercial nanosized and micrometer-sized silicon particles. After 300 cycles at 0.2 A g-1, the reversible specific capacity is still retained as much as 959 mAh g-1 with a high mass loading density of 1.4 mg cm-2. With the large current density of 2 A g-1, a reversible capacity of 632 mAh g-1 is exhibited. The coexistence of both macro- and mesoporous structures is responsible for the enhanced performance. The macro-/mesoporous silicon also shows superior catalytic performance for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution compared to the silicon nanoparticles.

In this paper,the poly(amidoamine) dendrimer modified silica was used to immobilize aminoacylase by glutaraldehyde as crosslinking agent.The influence of different generation of PAMAM,glutaraldehyde concentration,reaction time and temperature on enzymatic activity of the immobilized enzyme were evaluated.The enzymatic properties of the immobilized enzyme were also evaluated.The results showed that the immobilization efficiency increased with the generation of PAMAM increasing,and the immobilized enzyme remained high activity.

Microwave technology was adopted for grafting of polyamidoamine (PAMAM) onto the surface of silica. Fluorescence microscopy, elemental analysis (EA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and titrimetry were used to characterize the structure and composition of the dendrimer-grafted silica surface. The results indicated that the number of amino groups and the percentage of nitrogen increased with increasing PAMAM generation, thus, the microwave assisted protocol was found to be effectively. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) was used as a model biologic molecule to react with the dendrimer-grafted silica by chemical bonding through glutaraldehyde. The immobilization efficiency for BSA increased with increasing PAMAM generation.