A study was conducted of the problem of high-altitude air pollution in populated areas. A technical solution has been developed that allows automated monitoring of toxicants at various heights from the ground level. A design for a sampling device system coupled with an information system for controlling adjustable valves, registration and recording in a database is proposed. A scheme of a sampling system is presented that allows sampling at various heights in order to obtain a representative assessment of the impact of industrial emission sources on the air quality of a residential area. The distribution of toxicants in the atmospheric air near an industrial emission source was analyzed.

The effectiveness and mechanism of the antioxidant action of a number of biologically active polysubstituted tetrahydroquinolines in a model reaction of liquid-phase oxidation of 1,4-dioxane have been studied. The research into the properties of these substances in the field of pharmacology is becoming increasingly important due to their ability to act as inhibitors of radical chain oxidation of organic compounds. The fact is that the manifestation of the antioxidant properties of biologically active compounds leads to an increase in the therapeutic effect of potential drugs. In this case, the drug, simultaneously with the function of treating the target disease, additionally slows down the rate of the undesirable process of lipid peroxidation of cell membranes. The oxidation reaction has been observed at 348 K using a manometric technique, measuring the change in the concentration of absorbed oxygen in the gas phase under different initial conditions of the studied antioxidants over time. In the presence of tetrahydroquinoline (THQ) additives, the kinetic curves of oxygen absorption exhibit an induction period (τ) when the rate of oxygen absorption is immeasurably low. The dependence of τ and the rate of inhibited oxidation on the concentration of THQ has been studied and the reaction mechanism formulated, including the stage of regeneration of the inhibitor at the stage of chain termination. Using the method of mathematical modeling, the adequacy of the mechanism to the obtained experimental data has been substantiated, the rate constants of the key stages and parameters of the efficiency of inhibitor f regeneration have been found. When comparing the results of this article with previously published data, it has been found that the mechanism and antioxidant efficiency of tetrahydroquinolines depend on their structure and the nature of the active site of inhibition.

The kinetics and mechanism of the antioxidant action of 4-(3-chlorophenyl)-3a,4,5,9b-tetrahydro-3H-cyclopenta[c]quinoline (5), 4-ethoxycarbonyl-8-fluoro-3a,4,5,9b-tetrahydro 3H-cyclopenta[c]quinolone (6), 4-ethoxycarbonyl-3a,4,5,11b-tetrahydro-3H-cyclopenta[c][1,7]phenantroline (7) have been studied in a model reaction of radical-chain oxidation of 1,4-dioxane by oxygen of air. Kinetic characteristics in the form of rate constants have been obtained, quantitatively characterizing the effectiveness of their antioxidant action. The nature of the active centers of the molecules in the series of compounds studied as antioxidants responsible for the elementary act of chain termination in oxidizing 1,4-dioxane has been established. The results obtained allow for the establishment of the mechanism of the antioxidant action of a wide class of quinoline derivatives, including those molecules possessing two or more active centers, and also enable the quantitative estimation of the contribution of each of the active centers of such molecules to the rate of the elementary stage of chain termination in the reaction of oxidation of organic compounds, and also opens up new perspectives in the creation of biologically active substances with desired properties.

The results of the determination of sulfur-containing compounds in atmospheric air polluted by products of the depressurization of a product pipeline with gas condensate are presented. Hydrogen sulfide was determined online using mobile automatic control stations and by photometry in a stationary laboratory. Organic sulfur-containing compounds (mercaptans, sulfides, disulfides) were identified by chromatography–mass spectrometry. It was found that the results of the analysis obtained in the automatic mode reflect the total content of hydrogen sulfide and some organosulfur compounds.

The three-component acid-catalyzed cyclocondensation of arylamines with cyclopentadiene and 6-benzyloxy/hydroxy-(2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-yl)acetaldehyde was used to synthesize novel cycloadducts containing chromane and cyclopentene/cyclopentane-fused tetrahydroquinoline fragments. The antioxidant activity of the novel compounds was studied using a kinetic model of the initiated oxidation of 1,4-dioxane.

Воздушная среда является одним из наиболее сложных для контроля объектов окружающей среды.В ней постоянно происходят изменения качественного и количественного состава загрязняющих компонентов.Поэтому для контроля и оценки качества атмосферного воздуха необходимы методы анализа, которые позволяют оперативно и в то же время достоверно определять загрязняющие ее вещества.К одним из наиболее распространенных в атмосферном воздухе токсикантов относятся оксид углерода (CO), диоксид серы (SO2), сероводород (H2S) и другие газы [1].Эти вещества причисляют к так называемым общепринятым для контроля в атмосферном воздухе соединениям, вопросы анализа которых не вызывают особых затруднений.Для их определения используются электрохимические, фотометрические, люминесцентные, газохроматографические методы.Анализ может выполняться как в стационарных, так и автоматических (и/или передвижных) лабораториях.Поскольку атмосферный воздух является чрезвычайно динамичной средой, в последние годы стали интенсивно развиваться и внедряться системы автоматизированного контроля атмосферного воздуха с использованием газоанализаторов.Однако в любом случае, независимо от метода исследования полученные результаты должны быть достоверными, поскольку они зачастую являются основанием для принятия природоохранных решений.В данной работе рассмотрены некоторые проблемы, связанные с использованием различных способов контроля атмосферного воздуха.Например, определение сероводорода в стационарной лаборатории осуществляется фотометрическим методом, суть которого заключается в поглощении H2S из воздуха тонкой пленкой суспензии гидроксида кадмия в растворе триэтаноламина.Определение этого же вещества в большинстве газоанализаторов основано на воздействии УФ-излучения на пробу.В таблице 1 приведены результаты концентраций H2S в воздухе, полученные фотометрическим методом и с помощью газоанализаторов на ПЭЛКАВ.

The kinetics of the initiated oxidation of 1,4-dioxane in the presence of azepanobetulin and methyl-3-(hydroxyimino)-lup-20(29)en-28-oate additives has been studied. It was found that the introduction of minor additives of these substances into 1,4-dioxane oxidized in the initiated mode leads to the appearance of induction periods on the kinetic curves of oxygen absorption. It was found that the stoichiometric coefficient of inhibition f, the value of which is proportional to the number of peroxyl radicals that interact with one inhibitor molecule, resulting in a oxidation chain break, is >  > 2, which is explained by the reaction of regeneration of antioxidant molecules. The possibility of participation in this reaction of the 2-hydroxy-1,4-dioxane molecule, which is an intermediate product of 1,4-dioxane oxidation, is discussed. Oxidation of this product leads to the formation of hydroxyperoxyl radicals, which, according to a previously established mechanism, are capable of reducing the original antioxidant molecule from its radical in the act of chain termination. A reaction mechanism is formulated that satisfactorily describes the experimental results. A mathematical model of the reaction was formulated, the study of which, with the help of the «ChimKinOptima» software complex, made it possible to satisfactorily describe the experimental kinetic curves as well as to obtain the kinetic curve of the accumulation of hydroperoxide, the primary product of 1,4-dioxane oxidation, which was not observed in the experiment, and to determine the reaction rate constants included in the proposed mechanism.

Abstract In order to monitor the chemical composition of atmospheric air in cities located in the zone of petrochemical enterprises influence, automatic atmospheric air monitoring stations (AAAMS) are being established. The concentration of phenol and methanol in the air of the residential part of the city is recorded at AAAMSs. In the industrial zone air, the methanol content is measured at the source of pollution. Processing the numerical series of the measured concentrations values using the cross-correlation function allows you to get the time lag of the contaminated gas cloud moving from the source of emission to the city. Models have been developed for changes in concentration of phenol in the air of the residential area using the factor regression method, taking into account the concentration of the analyzed compounds, the time lag from the source of pollution to the living area and weather conditions: - air temperature and humidity, wind direction and speed.

Abstract The research assessed an impact of the underground gold mining (GM) on snow cover, surface and ground water of the industrial site and the adjacent area. It has been established that the water of observation wells located downstream the terrain contains specific pollutants typical for the GM technology. The snow cover contains dust, heavy metals, arsenic and some light organochlorine compounds, which are components of GM solutions. The article also gives recommendations on monitoring and assessment of the environmental impact of the PoE technology.

The study determined the content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the bottom sediments of an inner-city Sredny Kaban Lake (Kazan, Russia) in the places of the organized release of untreated surface stormwater runoff within the catchment of the city. The content of 15 PAHs included in the priority list of PAHs for environmental research in the Russian Federation and in other countries was experimentally studied. The average content of the total PAHs studied (333.4 μg/kg) in the bottom sediments of the lake indicates a low degree of pollution. The analysis of the ratio of the content of individual PAHs reveals the main sources of their entry: fuel combustion (vehicles) and oil pollution of the surface water. Benzo(g,h,i)perylene and Benz(a)pyrene represent the largest contribution to the hazard coefficient of all studied PAHs for bottom sediments of the studied water body. Bottom sediments are composed mainly of particles with a size of 1–100 μm; the contribution of particles with a size of 0.1–1 μm was estimated to be up to 1%.

The problems of the application of total indices “phenolic index” and “petroleum products” for water quality assessment are considered. It is demonstrated that these indices do not reflect the actual contamination of aquatic media by phenols and petroleum hydrocarbons. The effect of hydrocarbons of different classes on the error in determining petroleum products was revealed. The presence of phenols and other organic compounds was found to affect the results of the determination of the phenolic index. It is necessary to identify pollutants contained in wastewater to assess the applicability of total indices in the analysis of such waters. Marker components of wastewater must be included in the research program, in addition to total indices.

Рассмотрены проблемы применения для оценки качества воды интегральных показателей “фенольный индекс” и “нефтепродукты”. Показано, что эти показатели не отражают реальное загрязнение водных сред фенолами и нефтяными углеводородами. Выявлено влияние углеводородов различных классов на погрешность определения нефтепродуктов; фенолов и других органических соединений - на результаты определения фенольного индекса. Для оценки применимости интегральных показателей в анализе сточных вод необходима инвентаризация содержащихся в них загрязняющих веществ. В программу исследований помимо интегральных показателей должны быть включены маркерные компоненты сточных вод.

The results of model experiments on the effect of transition elements (iron, manganese) and sulfide ions on the values of chemical (COD) and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) are presented. It is shown that, in the presence of transition elements in water, BOD is overestimated. In the presence of 100 mg/L of iron(II) and >0.05 mg/L of sulfides in water, the BOD values exceed those of COD.

The kinetics and mechanism of the antioxidative action of С 60 fullerene are studied via highly sensitive manometry and kinetic spectrophotometry, based on the example of a model reaction of the initiated oxidation of 1,4-dioxane. The adequacy of the proposed mechanism according to the experimental data is analyzed by means of mathematical modeling. The mechanism behind the inhibiting process is found to be a multi-center radical reaction. The rate constants of the elementary stages are determined.