为了了解无棣华兴渤海黑牛原种场渤海黑牛种公牛的遗传多样性水平,确定个体之间的亲缘关系,对无棣华兴渤海黑牛原种场15头渤海黑牛种公牛的细胞色素b基因(Cytb)全序列的测序和分析,发现Cytb基因全长1140bp,共检测到了10种单倍型、34个核苷酸的多态位点,包括15个单变异位点和19个简约信息位点,无插入和缺失.单倍型多样度(Hd)为0.914,核苷酸多样度(Pi)为0.01014,表明渤海黑牛具有丰富的遗传多样性.NJ系统发育树构建的结果表明15头渤海黑牛聚为两大类.

为了了解和掌握渤海黑牛血细胞及血液理化指标,本试验测定了20头不同年龄和性别的舍饲渤海黑牛的各项血液生理生化值.结果显示,血液生理常值指标中,渤海黑牛白细胞数为7.08±1.61×109/L,红细胞数为(7.90±1.06)×10-1/L,血小板数为286.85±121.46)109/L,血红蛋白含量为127.5±17.36 g/L.总蛋白含量为69.83±7.36g/L,其中球蛋白数高于白蛋白数.总胆红素为1.73±0.61umol,总胆固醇为3.69±1.03mmol,葡萄糖含量为4.54±0.91mmol.10项生理指标和12项生化指标在不同性别和年龄组间差异显著(P<0.05).本研究结果为渤海黑牛血液生理生化指标提供参考.

　　羊肉因具有绿色、安全、营养保健的优点越来越受消费者青睐，近年来羊肉消费需求持续增长。由于养羊成本增加，羊的生长周期较长，市场出现供不应求的现状。我国养羊业长期存在良种化水平低、生长期长，而且养殖效益低下，难以形成标准化、产业化效应，严重阻碍了肉羊养殖业的发展壮大。羊产业要走出现有困境，必须加强品种改良，积极发展标准养殖，提高养殖效益，实现标准化、机械化、网络化生产，增加科技含量，提高羊肉品质，增加市场竞争力。

To study the breed resources,protection and utilization of Wadi sheep,body conformation and appearance of Wadi sheep were observed,and the body size and weight,production performance,and reproductive performance were measured.The results showed that Wadi Sheep was an excellent breed in Shandong Province,which had advantages in high fecundity and strong adaptability.This paper introduces the breed characteristics,the situation of resources,and progress on breeding research for Wadi Sheep,and gives an advice on the protection and utliization.

Single nucleotide polymorphism in exon 1 of the estrogen receptor(ESR) gene was detected by PCR-SSCP in high fecundity Hu sheep breed.The results indicated that there were three genotypes(AA,BB,AB) in Hu sheep and the frequency of allele A and B was 0.554 and 0.446,respectively.Comparison with the AA genotype,sequencing revealed a C→G mutation at 363 bp of exon 1 of ESR gene in the BB genotype.The Hu sheep with AB genotype or BB genotype had 0.98 and 1.47 more lambs than those with AA genotype,respectively.These results showed that the estrogen receptor locus was a major gene that controlled the prolificacy in Hu sheep or a mark in close linkage with such a gene.