目的 分析甘肃省嘉峪关市动物鼠疫的流行特征及规律,为制定鼠疫防控策略提供科学依据. 方法 采用回顾性调查方法,收集1976-2016年嘉峪关市鼠疫监测资料,根据《全国鼠疫监测方案》和动物鼠疫流行判断标准统计旱獭密度、媒介数量并分离菌株. 结果 1976-2016年,嘉峪关市动物鼠疫主要宿主旱獭平均密度1.85只/hm2,体蚤染蚤率为47.78％,获蚤26 850只、蚤指数4.47;10个年度均分离出鼠疫菌,共检验各种动物6 901只,分离出鼠疫菌13株,检验旱獭3 352只,分离鼠疫菌12株、鼠疫菌检出率0.36％,检验媒介2 027组32 669只,从谢氏山蚤体内分离出鼠疫菌1株;用RIHA方法检测旱獭及媒介材料892份,检出阳性18份、平均阳性率2.02％;动物鼠疫流行季节为4-9月,高峰在7-8月. 结论 2009年以前嘉峪关市动物鼠疫流行为间歇性,2009年后呈持续流行状态,疫点多分布在215省道附近或酒钢公司所属的镜铁山矿及西沟矿矿山一带,近年来动物疫情有愈演愈烈之势,防控形势不容乐观.

Objective To analyze epidemic characteristics of animal plague in Himalayan marmot plague foci in Jiayuguan in recent years,and provide a scientific basis for further prevention.Methods Descriptive epidemiology was taken to count,analyze and evaluate recent monitoring data.Results From 2008 to 2011,the marmot density was 0.012-0.045 ind./hm2 with infection rates of flea in vitro from 58.64% to 76.79% and flea index from 1.82 to 2.31,infection rates of burrow track flea from 7.60% to 14.00% and flea index from 0.21 to 0.48.Three strains of Yersinia pestis were isolated from dead marmot and body fleas collected from 2009 to 2011 with 4 samples of positive plague F1 antigen.Conclusions In recent years,animal plague in Jiayuguan Himalayan marmot plague foci turns from "resting" into the active posture.Efforts should be made to monitor and closely observe the dynamic of the epidemic among rats,and prevent occurrence of human plague.