Рассмотрена возможность измерения рождения антипротонов при столкновении тяжелых ядер на коллайдере NICA в кинематической области, запрещенной для нуклон-нуклонного взаимодействия. Показано, что при псевдобыстротах, доступных для измерения детекторными установками NICA в интервале \(\eta=0\) –1.5 величина поперечного импульса антипротона, рожденного на кластере из двух нуклонов, не превышает 6 ГэВ и почти в 2 раза больше поперечного импульса антипротона при рождении в нуклон-нуклонном взаимодействии.

The possibility of measuring antiproton production in heavy-ion collisions at the NICA (Nuclotron based Ion Collider fAcility) accelerator complex in a kinematical region that is forbidden for nucleon–nucleon interaction is considered. It is shown that, at pseudorapidities accessible to measurements with the aid of the NICA detectors and which lie in the range of η=0 –1.5, the transverse momentum of an antiproton produced on a cluster formed by two nucleons does not exceed 6 GeV and is nearly twice as great as the transverse momentum of an antiproton produced in nucleon–nucleon interaction.

Gold–copper–sulfide, noble-metal–copper–uranium and noble-metal–copper–uranium–vanadium mineralization in Paleoproterozoic structures of the Karelian Craton is associated with the evolution of the large regional Lapland–Onega rift structure in the Svecofennian. A characteristic feature of the deposits and ore occurrences that formed at the orogenic stage is the appearance of selenium minerals. On the territory of Karelia, ore objects of the separate Onega, Kumsinskaya, Pergubskaya, Severo-Vygozero, Lekhta and Elmozersko-Segozero structures were studied and materials on the ore mineralization of Paana-Kuolajarvi structure were generalized. The element concentrations in ores and near-ore metasomatites were determined by ICP-MS analysis, and the contents of individual elements was determined by X-ray fluorescence analysis. Ore minerals were studied by scanning electron microscopy. It has been established that the ores of the studied deposits and ore occurrences are represented by a geochemical assemblage of elements, including Cu, Au, Ag, Pb, Mo, Pd, Pt, Co, Ni, U, Se, Bi, Te, As, V, REE, Ba, and Fe ( in various proportions). Vein-disseminated ore mineralization is accompanied by low-temperature metasomatites: alkaline (albitites, eisites), ferromagnesian, mica or beresites, confined to deformation zones in the host Paleoproterozoic sequences. Basalts, quartzite sandstones, and carbonate deposits of the Jatulian suprahorizon; carbonaceous, mafic, and ultramafic sequences of the Ludicovian suprahorizon, as well as gabbrodolerites intruding them, were subjected to alteration. The ore mineralization of noble-metal–copper–uranium–vanadium and noble-metal–copper–uranium deposits and occurrences (in which the noble metals are predominantly Au, Pd) is represented by copper sulfides and selenides, lead, silver, gold, palladium; less frequently, platinum, native gold; more rarely, bismuth, bismuth tellurides; as well as uraninite, vanadium micas, molybdenite, REE minerals, hematite, and goethite, which are typomorphic minerals of these deposits and occurrences. Among hydrothermal selenides, clausthalite, naumannite, fischesserite, palladseite, padmaite, sudovikite, bogdanovichite, paraguanahuatite, eukairite, umangite, klockmanite, timannite, tyrrelite, and cadmoselite have been established, as well as selenium-bearing sulfides (Se-malyshevite, weibullite, selenogalena, Se-bearing bornite, chalcocite, and molybdenite). Native selenium and selenates were found in oxidation zones. Typomorphic assemblages of Au–Cu sulfide deposits and occurrences in the more eroded central part of the Karelian Craton are represented by chalcopyrite, bornite, pyrite, galena, molybdenite, silver sulfides, gold, electrum, Se-bearing chalcocite, and hematite. Selenides are less common in these ores—among them clausthalite, naumannite, bogdanovichite, and fischesserite have been identified.

Аннотация.В работе рассмотрен состав шеелитов из медно-молибден-порфировых месторождений и проявлений Карелии, локализованных в архейских зеленокаменных поясах, на примере рудного поля Лобаш и Ялонвара.Шеелиты разных месторождений изучались с использованием электронного сканирующего микроскопа VEGA II LSH (Tescan) c энергодисперсионным микроанализатором INCA Energy-350; руды -c помощью ICP-MS-анализа.Шеелит из молибденовых месторождений часто содержит Mo 6+ , изоморфно замещающий W 6+ , при этом образуются зональные молибдошеелиты (Лобаш, Ялонвара) и шеелиты, содержащие вростки молибденита (Ялонвара).Шеелит золоторудного месторождения Лобаш-1 не образует значительных

Аннотация.Район дер.Кондобережская в Онежской палеопротерозойской структуре известен тем, что здесь в результате поисковых работ, проводимых ПО «Северкварцсамоцветы» в 80-е годы прошлого века, было открыто уникальное для докембрия проявление пестроцветных яшм и карнеол-агатов.Проявление приурочено к шунгитоносным породам заонежской свиты людиковия.Карнеол-агаты представлены концентрически зональными оранжево-красными обособлениями размером до 30 см.При обследовании западного участка проявления выяснилась, что карнеол-агатовая минерализация приурочена к СЗ зоне окварцевания по шунгитоносным породам

Gold-copper-sulphide mineralization in gabbro-dolerites (PR2ld) from the Chevzhavara building stone deposit is confined to quartz-carbonate veins cutting through a gently dipping sill. Mineralization displays several mineral types: magnetitic-pyritic (type 1 veins), pyritic-bornitic-chalcopyritic (type 2 veins), and hematitic-chalcosine (type 3 veins). Type 1 veins are large-crystalline epidote-calcitic. Skarnification evolves in the margins of larger sulphide-quartz-carbonate veins of type 2: grossular-andradite-series zonal garnets, calcite, epidote, and less often amphibole and chlorite are formed. Gold is present in copper- sulphide type 2 veins. Ore mineralization (in the productive stage of mineral formation) in the veins is represented by pyrite, chalcopyrite, bornite, Se-bornite, galena, clausthalite, gold, and barite. Gold concentration in the veins varies within 0.06–31 g/t (8 samples). Type 3 veins contain hematite, chalcosine, chalcedony, and quartz; scattered, finely dispersed gold is occasionally encountered. Ore minerals are penetrated by chlorite and stilpnomelane. Macrocrystalline calcite and amphibole-asbestos veins are encountered locally. Cu, Au, Co, Se, Zn, and Fe (in oxidized form) are the typomorphic elements of ore mineralization.

Минеральные ассоциации золото-медно

A further development of the method of calculating the errors for the coordinates of the binding objects and the angle parameters of the orientation of unmanned aerial vehicles is obtained. Errors of determination of coordinates develop due to the impact of wind gust and turbulence of the atmosphere on light unmanned aerial vehicles. The main feature of the method is the ability to determine the error of the coordinates of the objects, depending on the direction and force of influence on the unmanned aerial vehicle. The magnitude of the external influence determines the value of the deviation from the trajectory of motion. The developed method can be applied with limited mass-size characteristics of an unmanned aircraft. It also determines the values of measurement errors regardless the distance between the points of measurement. Limi-tation to the application of the method can only be the ability of the appropriate sensors to measure the distance from the unmanned aircraft to the object of anchor. Possibilities of determining the coordinates of an object of binding with accuracy within units of measure are presented. This is achieved by measuring the angular coordinates with sensors of the navigation system accurately within a hundred miliradian. An algorithm for calculating the error of determining the coordinates of the binding object is presented. The algorithm is the further development of the sub-algorithm for calculating the angle parameters of the orientation of an unmanned aerial vehicle relative to the geographical coordinate system. The presented algorithm should be used before the start of the session of the correlation-extreme navigation system. The statistical simulation of the proposed method and algorithm is carried out. The results of the simulation indicate that the magnitude of the error of determining the coordinates of the binding object depends on the accuracy of the measurement of the angular parameters of an unmanned aerial vehicle. The results of the numerical estimation of the errors of measurement of coordinates of the binding objects are presented, depending on the accuracy of the measurement of the angular parameters of the unmanned aerial vehicle. The requirements for the accuracy of measuring the angular parameters of an unmanned aerial vehicle are determined, which provides a high accuracy of measuring the rectangular coordinates of the object of anchor.

Отримано подальший розвиток методу розрахунку похибок координат об'єктів прив'язки та кутових параметрів орієнтації безпілотних літальних апаратів. Похибки визначення координат виникають за рахунок впливу пориві вітру та турбулентностей атмосфери на легкі безпілотні літальні апарати. Особливість методу полягає у спроможності визначати похибки координат об'єктів в залежності від напрямку та сили впливу на безпілотний літальний апарат. Величина зовнішнього впливу визначає величину відхилення від траєкторія руху Розроблений метод може бути застосований при обмежених масогабаритних характеристиках безпілотного літального апарату. Розроблений метод визначає величини похибок вимірів незалежно від відстані між точками вимірювання. Обмеженням застосування методу може бути лише здатність відповідних датчиків вимірювати відстані від безпілотного літального апарата до об'єкта прив’язки. Представлені можливості визначення координат об’єкту прив’язки з точністю в межах одиниць метрів. Це досягається при вимірі кутових координат датчиками навігаційної системи з точністю в межах сотих мілірадіан. Представлений алгоритм розрахунку похибки визначення координат об’єкту прив’язки. Алгоритм є подальшим розвитком субалгоритму обчислення кутових параметрів орієнтації безпілотного літального апарату відносно географічної системи координат. Представлений алгоритм доцільно використовувати перед початком сеансу роботи кореляційно-екстремальної системи навігації. Проведено статистичне моделювання роботи запропонованого методу та алгоритму. Результати моделювання свідчать що величина похибки визначення координат об’єкту прив’язки залежить від точності виміру кутових параметрів безпілотного літального апарату. Представлені результати чисельної оцінки похибок виміру координат об’єктів прив’язки в залежності від точності виміру кутових параметрів безпілотного літального апарату. Визначені вимоги до точності виміру кутових параметрів безпілотного літального апарату при якій забезпечується висока точність виміру прямокутних координат об’єкту прив’язки.

Intense silicification zones and metasomatic alterations (propylitic-type) with Au-Bi-Tebearing base-metal and sulfoarsenide mineralization were revealed at the exocontact of the Hautavaara granosyenite-monzogranite massif, South Karelia. Ore mineralization at the northwestern exocontact of the massif consists of pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite and galena. There also occur bismuth tellurides, hessite, electrum (30–35 % Ag), altaite and pyrosmalite (rare Mn-Fe-silicate). Alteration zones display elevated Mn, Cu, Zn and Ni concentrations and lower Pb, Bi, Te, Mo, Au, Co and As concentrations. Sulfoarsenide mineralization, consisting of arsenopyrite, galena, chalcopyrite, scheelite, pyrite, cobaltite, sphalerite and finely-dispersed gold (~18–23 % Ag) and Au-Bi associations, is confined to a biotite-chlorite-quartz metasomatic rock zone over gabbro at the southwestern exocontact of the massif. The southwestern aureole of the massif contains elevated As, Co, Pb, Cu, Zn, W, Bi, Au and Te concentrations.

The Kaalamo massif is located in the Northern Ladoga region, Karelia, on the extension of the Kotalahti Belt of Ni-bearing ultramafic intrusions in Finland. The massif, 1.89 Ga in age, is differentiated from pyroxenite to diorite. Nickel–copper sulfide mineralization with platinoids is related to the pyroxenite phase. The ore consists of two mineral types: (i) pentlandite–chalcopyrite–pyrrhotite and (ii) chalcopyrite, both enriched in PGE. Pd and Pt bismuthotellurides, as well as Pd and Pt tellurobismuthides, are represented by the following mineral species: kotulskite, sobolevskite, merenskyite, michenerite, moncheite, keithconnite, telluropalladinite; Pt and Pd sulfides comprise vysotskite, cooperite, braggite, palladium pentlandite, and some other rare phases. High-palladium minerals are contained in pentlandite–chalcopyrite–pyrrhotite ore. Native gold intergrown with kotulskite commonly contains microinclusions (1–3 μm) of Pd stannides: paolovite and atokite. Ore with 20–60% copper sulfides (0.2–6.0% Cu) contains 5.1–6.6 gpt PGE and up to 0.13–2.3 gpt Au. Pd minerals, arsenides and sulfoarsenides of Pt, Rh, Ir, Os, and Ru are identified as well. These are sperrylite, ruthenium platarsite, hollingworthite, and irarsite; silvery gold and paolovite have also been noted. All these minerals have been revealed in the massif for the first time. The paper also presents data on the compositions of 25 PGE minerals (PGM) from Kaalamo ores.

Rhenium is one of the rarest elements of the earth crust (abundance ratio 0.7 mg/t). In the Karelian region, Re and accompanying Os were discovered in a copper-molybdenum-porphyry ore formation, represented by the Lobash deposit, the Jalonvaara occurrences etc., and in a noble-metal-Cu-U-vanadium ore formation (Padma Group occurrences). Molybdenites from the above deposits are enriched in Re and Os (Lobash: 13–187 g/t Re, 0.4–6 g/t Os). So far, however, no rhenium minerals proper have been revealed in the Karelian deposits and occurrences of the above formations or elsewhere. As a result of the microprobe study of mineral assemblages of cupreous sandstones from the Voronov Bor deposit (bornite ore) and sulphide-copper-nickel ore from the Rybozero deposit, osmium-cupreous rheniite (Re, Cu, Os, Fe)1S2 that contains 56.53–60.25% Re, 4.61–10.99% Cu, 1.52–3.77% Os and up to 4.75% Fe was revealed and studied for the first time.

The Rajkonkoski ore occurrence is located within the region of the Karelian craton (AR2) and the Svecofennian folded belt (PR1) conjugation. It is presented by quartz-carbonate veins in metadoleriles and a zone of brecciation, crumple, and silification of carbonaceous shales within the volcanites of the Soanlakhtinsky suite (PR1). Ore mineralization in black shales and quartz veins has features of genetic similarity presenting different levels of the ore system controlled by different range strike-slip fault dislocations. At the Rajkonkoski ore occurrence, 41 ore minerals have been identified: 12 tellurides (native tellurium, hedleyite, pilsenite, tsumoite, tellurobismuthite, hessite, stuetzite, radclidzhite, joseite-B, altaite, volynskite, petzite); 4 bismuth-tellurides of the following compositions Bi3Te, Bi3Te2, BiTe4, PbBiTe; 3 selenides (clausthalite, tellurolaitakarite, native selenium); and 12 native metals (gold, silver, electrum, copper, iron, lead, tin, bismuth, osmiridium). The contents of the main ore minerals in places exceed 10%, and the concentrations of elements reach as follows: Cu and Pb, 5%; Zn, Bi, 1%; Se, 219 ppm; Te, 171 ppm; Sb, 3 ppm; As, 5 ppm; Ag, >0.1%; Au, 35.28 ppm. Ore mineralization is formed during the temperature interval from 550°C up to <170oC in the conditions of high activity of Se and Te, and beginning from medium temperatures (>300°C) complete miscibilities galenite-clausthalite and galenite-altaite are observed. In aggregate with a wide temperature interval (>400°C) of ore process evolution and mineral specia variety of telluride and native metal mineralizations, the original “torsion” of different temperature mineralizations makes it possible to determine the affiliation of the Rajkonkoski ore occurrence to the xenothermal type deposits or epithermal “alkaline,” gold-telluride A-type characterized by a close connection with magmatism of increased alkalinity and the original geochemical (Te-V-F) and mineral (tellurides of gold, silver and other metals, fluorite, roscoelite, vanadium-containing sulfides) associations. Taking into consideration that many of the xenothermal and epithermal A-type gold and silver deposits are large commercial objects, the prospects of the Rajkonkoski ore occurrence and the region of the Karelian craton and Svecofennian folded belt conjugation seem to be significant for noble metal mineralization.

Several prospective tungsten occurrences were discovered in the Yalonvara structure of the Archean greenstone Yalonvara-Ilomantsi-Tulos belt in the Baltic Shield. They belong to mineral types that are new in Karelia: molybdoscheelite-scheelte vein quartz stockwork and sheelite-bearing tourmalinites. Together with the Cu-Mo mineralization discovered earlier, they represent a complex porphyry-type Yalonvara deposit. The mineralization is genetically associated with later phases of the hypabyssal granitoid intrusion (2600 +/- 90 Ma) of the calc-alkaline series. The contents of Mo, W, Cu, Zn, and Pb in ores amount to 0.5-1.0 wt %; the content of Bi is 0.5-0.7 wt %; Ag, 0.005-0.007 wt %, and Au, 3.4 g/t (up to 5g/t in pyrite). The complex porphyry-type Yalonvara deposit, combined with other mineralization types of the same structure, account for both the mafic (massive sulfide) and salic (Mo, W) nature of the metallogeny of the greenstone belt and suggest possible crustal sources of volcanic and plutonic rocks, or a mantle nature of Mo and W. As a result, the metallogenic reassessment of Archaean greenstone belts with initial calc-alkaline series magmatism with respect to Mo and W mineralization is recommended.