Hydrosols containing tungsten(VI) oxide nanoparticles have been studied by the electrooptical and electrophoretic methods. The influence of multivalent ions (tetravalent thorium and trivalent lanthanum cations) on the zeta-potential and polarizability of tungsten(VI) oxide particles has been determined. The dispersion dependences of the polarizability of tungsten(VI) oxide particles have been studied. A strong dependence of the electrokinetic potential and a weak dependence of the polarizability of the particles on the concentrations of thorium and lanthanum cations in the sols have been found. The polarizability of the particles is low and weakly depends on the frequency of the field polarizing the particles. This is atypical for colloidal particles, for which the thickness of the dense part of the electrical double layer is comparable with the size of molecules, while the polarization of the electrical double layer is determined by its diffuse part. The obtained results have led to a conclusion that, for tungsten(VI) oxide particles in the studied concentration range, the majority of multivalent counterions are located in the dense part of the electrical double layer due to their high adsorption potential.

Coagulation of polydisperse detonation nanodiamond (DND) hydrosol containing primary aggregates with a prevailing average size in a range of 20–200 nm has been studied experimentally and theoretically within the framework of the classical and extended DLVO theory as depending on the concentrations of an indifferent electrolyte (NaCl) and potential-determining ions (pH). It has been shown that the surface of DND particles is charged due to the ionization of ionogenic amphoteric hydroxyl and acidic carboxyl groups located on it. The isoelectric point of the detonation nanodiamond particles has been found to correspond to pH 7.5. It has been revealed that the main stabilizing factor of the DND hydrosol is electrostatic. It has been shown that the stability and coagulation of the sol can be described within the framework of the extended DLVO theory using the effective Hamaker constant for primary porous aggregates and taking into account the initial polydispersity of the DND particles.

Bismuth containing porous glasses (BPGs) were prepared on the basis of high-silica micro- and macroporous glasses and also of microporous glasses thermally treated at 750°C. The chemical composition of the glasses was determined by standard analytical methods and X-ray fluorescence analysis. Energy dispersive X-ray analysis showed that bismuth is predominantly formed at the half-thickness of the membranes. Characterization of the glass morphology was carried out by scanning electron microscopy. Their structural properties (specific surface area, volume porosity, structural resistance coefficient, average pore radius) and electrosurface ones (specific electrical conductivity, transport numbers of ions in the pore channels, electrokinetic potential) were studied in 10 −4 –10 −1 M KNO 3 solutions in a neutral pH range. The results were compared with similar properties of PG membranes not modified with bismuth(III) oxide. Porous glasses doped with bismuth oxide were found to restore their electrosurface characteristics in the neutral pH range in the concentration range of KNO 3 solutions under study.

Abstract. Marek's disease virus is an oncogenic avian herpesvirus and the problem of oncogenicity of this virus for humans remains unexplored. This pathology appeared in broiler chickens of 30 days and older, that is from now on the contact with poultry meat carries the risk of infecting people. This article analyzes the risks of the emergence of the epidemic potential of the Marek's disease virus in the Russian Federation taking into account the characteristics of modern pig and poultry farming. It was found that COVID 19 can serve as an additional factor in reducing the resistance of the population to herpesvirus infections. The COVID 19 epidemic is accompanied by folic acid deficiency which also increases the risk of contamination of diseases associated with DNA viruses, including an extended risk of animal viruse infection. Since, according to our estimates, Marek's disease occurred in at least 25% of broiler poultry farms in the Russian Federation, a possible expand in mortality from neoplasms of the reproductive system for the Russian Federation as a whole can contribute to the dynamics of oncological diseases of reproductive organs and breast cancer. Since 2011 a contagious form of intestinal pathology, vesicular enteritis, has widely spread at poultry farms in the Russian Federation. During periods of extending incidence of vesicular enteritis, we recorded cases of inflammation of the facial nerves and subfebrile temperature in contact persons, bursts of oncological diseases in veterinary personnel (ovarian cancer, breast cancer), abnormal and synchronous increases in the incidence of infectious larengotracheitis and Marek's disease in chickens under the age of 40 days which requires additional monitoring studies.

Powders of magnetite and its composites have been obtained on the basis of macroporous high-silica glass particles containing different amounts of Fe3O4. XRD, XPS, and Raman spectroscopy have been employed to confirm the formation of a magnetite phase in all iron-containing samples. The surface morphology and elemental composition of porous composite particles have been studied by SEM and EDX methods. It has been found that the external surface of porous silica particles is modified to different extents. It has been shown that the position of the isoelectric point (IEP) and the values of the zeta-potentials for the composites coincide in indifferent electrolyte solutions. Two isoelectric points are observed in the pH dependences of the zeta-potential for the composite particles in nickel chloride solutions. In dilute solutions containing specifically adsorbed nickel ions and at pH below pHIEP-2, the electrokinetic properties of the composite particles are primarily affected by magnetite phase content in a composite powder and, at rather high concentrations of Ni2+ ions, by their specificity with respect to oxide surfaces.

Silver/silver halide materials are considered as efficient and highly stable plasmonic photocatalysts for the organic pollutant degradation and hydrogen evolution from water splitting under solar irradiation, and they possess promising antibacterial activity. Ordered mesoporous silica materials including porous glasses are considered as the most promising template for silver-containing structures. In the present work, Ag/AgHal-doped (Hal = Cl, Br) vitreous membranes on a base of the mesoporous glasses were prepared via step-by-step single-stage impregnation procedure. The chemical and phase composition of the modified membranes were identified by the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, the X-ray diffraction and the energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The structure and morphology of inner membrane space were studied by the scanning electron microscopy. Electrokinetic properties of the silver-containing vitreous membranes were determined by the differential method and the streaming potential method. The inner membrane space is modified unevenly with appearance of the clearly defined regions with different silver content. The formation of the Ag/AgCl clusters along with the individual nanoparticles over thickness of the 1-mm membrane with mean pore radius of 23 nm was detected. The modification of the pore space by Ag-containing structures and the type of halogen ion almost do not affect the electrochemical behavior of the mesoporous vitreous membranes.

The structural characteristics, electrical conductivity, counterion transport numbers, and electrokinetic potential of microporous glass subjected to additional heat treatment at 750°С (MIP-750) in 0.1–0.0001 M NaCl solutions have been studied. The results obtained were compared with the properties of micro- and macroporous glasses prepared by the standard methods. It was found that with an increase in the pore size in the series MIP < MIP-750 < MAP, the absolute values of the electrokinetic potential increase.

The specific electrical conductivity and electrokinetic potential of porous glasses (PGs) containing and not containing magnetite in the structure of the silicate matrix in the background of centimolar solutions of NaCl and KNO3 are studied in the range of pH 2–6. It is shown that the presence of magnetite in the glass structure has practically no effect on the values of the efficiency coefficients and electrokinetic potentials in the systems under study. It is found that in the acidic pH range for iron-containing PG, a decrease in the specific electrical conductivity of the pore solution is observed in comparison with the equilibrium electrolyte.

High-silica mesoporous (pore radii 1.5–1.6 nm, MIP and pore radii 18.4–25.2 nm, MAP) vitreous AgI-doped membranes of the Vycor type have been manufactured. Characterization of the mesoporous glass morphology carried out by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Successful synthesis of AgI-doped mesoporous glasses was confirmed by X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy. For the first time a comprehensive study of structural characteristics and electrokinetic properties (surface conductivity, streaming potential) of the AgI-doped MIP and MAP glasses in NaNO 3 , KNO 3 and AgNO 3 solutions in the concentration range 0.1–0.0001 M have been performed. The electrokinetic potential (ζ-potential) was found by the streaming potential method taking into account the surface conductivity and the electric double layers (EDL) overlap. The results were compared with the ζ-potential calculated from the electrophoretic mobility of the particles (laser Doppler velocimetry). It has been established that the structure of EDL in membrane nanopores and on the open surface of the AgI-doped porous particle differ significantly—different signs of the streaming potentials (negative) and electrophoretic mobility (positive) were observed for the AgI-doped glasses in AgNO 3 solution.

The chemical composition, structure, and electrokinetic characteristics have been studied for different vitreous materials, including basic silicate glasses and those modified with iron and nickel oxides in the course of melting. The position of the isoelectric point and the value of the electrokinetic potential of monolithic particles (two-phase glasses and quartz-like glasses) and microporous samples obtained by acidic leaching have been analyzed as depending on the chemical composition and surface structure of the materials in a solution of NaCl as an indifferent electrolyte. The influence of specifically sorbable nickel ions on the electrokinetic characteristics of silicate glasses and nickel-containing vitreous materials has been investigated.

Sodium borosilicate (SBS) glasses containing nickel oxide were prepared by charge melting method, whereas their surface, structure and physical properties were investigated using a variety of complementary techniques. The chemical composition of the glasses was determined by standard analytical methods. Characterization of the glass structure was carried out by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy before and after immersion of the glasses in HCl solution. SEM was utilized to observe the morphological changes of the samples surfaces upon immersion in HCl. The atomic ratio of the final result product was obtained by the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis. The dynamic impedance spectroscopy (DIS) revealed the presence of various relaxation processes attributed to the addition of nickel oxide into the SBS glass structure, while the magnetic studies revealed antiferromagnetic properties related to the presence of the admixture. The experiments enable to study the effect of nickel oxide addition as well as changes caused by an increase of boron content and showed that the magnetic susceptibility of the glasses is correlated to the boron content, which is likely due to the increase of Ni2+ in octahedral coordination.

Magnetite particles are prepared from a mixed aqueous solution of FeCl 2 and FeCl 3 , and magnetite−bentonite composite particles are obtained from a mixed dispersion of magnetite and bentonite by precipitation with ammonia. The dispersions are examined by the X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, IR spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, and electrophoresis methods. In the presence of magnetite, the basal reflection at 2θ = 6.06° in the X-ray diffraction pattern of bentonite shifts to 7.14° due to the replacement of K + , Na + , and Mg 2+ ions by Fe 3+ ions. Moreover, peaks corresponding to iron compounds arise in the diffraction pattern, while an absorption band at 1405 cm –1 assigned to Fe–O bonds appears in the IR spectrum of the composite particles, thereby probably indicating the formation of small magnetite particles between bentonite layers. Along with the indicated changes, the passage from original bentonite to the magnetite−bentonite composite is accompanied by an increase in the ζ-potential of the particles from –35.1 to –25.7 mV and a decrease in their sizes from 300 to 220 nm. The latter phenomenon is explained by ion exchange, water removal from the interlayer space, and the contribution of smaller particles of magnetite. To test the functional potential of the obtained composite particles, the adsorption of a drug, kazcaine, on them is studied, and the maximum kazcaine adsorption value is found to be as large as 74.65 mg/g. The analysis of kazcaine adsorption kinetics at different temperatures is carried out to determine the thermodynamic parameters of the process. The results obtained show that the process can be described by a pseudo-second-order kinetic equation. The Langmuir model appears to be most suitable for describing the adsorption mechanism.

Transport numbers of sodium, nickel, and lanthanum counterions have been studied in microporous (average pore radius is r = 2–3.4 nm) and macroporous ( r = 16–27 nm) magnetite-free glasses and those containing magnetite in their matrices. It has been found that, in the case of microporous glasses, the relation between the transport numbers of the studied cations is primarily governed by the structure of secondary silica in pore channels. For membranes prepared from macroporous glasses, the transport numbers of the cations in the pore space depend on the surface charge magnitude and the structure of the electrical double layer.

The structural (volume porosity, specific surface area, and average pore radius) and electrokinetic characteristics are studied for silicate and AgI-doped microporous glasses and quartz-like nanocomposites based on them. The change in the structure and surface parameters is analyzed for vitreous materials by doping with silver iodide in the porous space and high-temperature treatment of the initial and doped materials.