An Erratum to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1028334X23060089

An Erratum to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1028334X23050215

The balance of CO2 during abundant basaltic magma production is an important factor of volcanic hazards and climate. In particular, this can be explored based on CO2-rich mantle-derived magmas or carbonate assimilation by basaltic melts. To reconstruct the origin of Fe-rich carbonates hosted by Cenozoic basalts from Wangtian’e volcano (northeast China), we studied elemental compositions of melt, crystalline and fluid inclusions in magmatic minerals as well as the oxygen and carbon isotope compositions of the plagioclase and carbonates from basalts. The crystallization of basaltic magmas occurred in shallow chamber (∼4 km) at temperatures of 1,180°C–1,200°C and a pressure of 0.1 ± 0.01 GPa. Stable Fe-rich carbonates occur in the Wangtian’e tholeiite basalts as groundmass minerals, crystalline inclusions in plagioclase and globules in melt inclusions, which suggests that they crystallized from a ferrocarbonate melt. The values of δ18О and δ13С in the minerals analyzed by laser fluorination method are in line with the sedimentary source of Fe-rich carbonates, indicating assimilation and partial decomposition of carbonate phases. The parent ferrocarbonate melt could be produced during interactions between the basaltic magma and the crustal marbles. The phase diagram and thermodynamic calculations show that the ferrocarbonate melt is stable at a temperature of 1,200°C and a pressure of 0.1 GPa. Our thermodynamic calculations show that carbonate melt containing 73 wt% FeCO3, 24 wt% MgCO3 and 3 wt% CaCO3 is in thermodynamic equilibrium with silicate melt in agreement with our natural observations. The proposed mechanism is crustal carbonate sediment assimilation by the intraplate basaltic magma resulting in the melt immiscibility, production of the ferrocarbonate melt and the following Fe-rich carbonate mineral crystallization during magma residence and cooling.

The Aj-Bogd massif, located in the Trans-Altai Gobi within the Hercynides of the Central Asian fold belt, is composed of rocks from two main intrusion phases. The rocks of the early phase are represented by two-feldspar granites. while the late phase is characterized by alkali-feldspar granites. During the reconstruction of the thermal history of these granites zircon was chosen as a mineral-indicator of the temperature regime of their formation. Two main approaches to using this mineral as a geothermometer have been proposed: the zircon saturation index and the zirconium-hafnium geothermometer. Both approaches demonstrate a similar thermal picture of the formation of granites from Aj-Bogd massif. Alkaline feldspar granites of the late intrusion phase crystallized at temperatures of 810–850°C while two-feldspar granites of the early phase formed at temperatures of 700–770°C. According to thermobarogeochemical studies of melt inclusions in zircon of late-phase alkali-feldspar granites, a similar temperature range of their formation was defined (825–850°C). All obtained data of the formation temperatures of studied granites from Aj-Bogd massif indicate a significantly higher (by 100–120°C) temperature of formation of alkali-feldspar granites compared to earlier two-feldspar granites. The significantly higher crystallization temperature of late alkali feldspar granites allow us to suggest the appearance of an additional heat source that could be mantle derived melts. The evidence of such melt participation in the formation of Aj-Bogd massif are mafic dikes that separate granites of two intrusion phases. The contrast temperature regime of the calc-alkaline and alkaline intrusion phases close in time was determined for the first time in this work.

Changbaishan and Wang-Tian’e volcanoes of Changbaishan area (Northeast China) were formed with a slight time gap in the last four million years. Wang-Tian’e volcano was formed at 3.8–2.7 Ma; the activity of Changbaishan volcano began at the Baishan stage about 1.6 Ma ago. In contrast to the trachybasalt–pantellerite bimodal association of Changbaishan volcano, Wang-Tian’e volcanic rocks are mainly tholeiitic basalts and much less often trachytes and alkaline rhyolites. An alkaline basalt flow has also been recorded on the northern and northeastern slopes of Wang-Tian’e volcano. Our petrological, geochemical, and geochronological data show that the occurrences of tholeiitic and alkaline basaltic magmatism in Changbaishan volcanic area were not synchronous, and the eruptive products of Wang-Tian’e and Changbaishan volcanoes belong to different petrochemical series. The rocks of Wang-Tian’e volcano itself are products of tholeiitic magmas. The alkaline basalt flow is much “younger” (<1.3 Ma) and appeared during the formation of the shield basement of Changbaishan volcano. The alkaline basaltic lavas on the northeastern slope of Wang-Tian’e volcano spread down into the valley as an extensive volcanic flow, forming a single volcanic cover together with the coeval rocks of Changbaishan volcano.

The aim of the study is to determine antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and hypolipidemic activities of the extracts from Cosmos bipinnatus Cav. three varieties, obtained by the extraction with 70% ethyl alcohol.Materials and methods. The antioxidant effect was studied in vitro using a model of iron-induced lipid peroxidation in the lecithin liposome system. The study of the anti-inflammatory activity was carried out on 30 male rats of the “Wistar” line. Diclofenac was used as a reference drug (p. o., the dose of 13 mg/kg in terms of the weight of an adult). The substances were administered to animals in the form of an aqueous suspension stabilized with Tween-80. To simulate the inflammatory process, a model of “cotton granuloma” was created. A hypolipidemic activity of the extracts was studied on 36 white male rats of the “Wistar” line. To study the hypolipidemic activity of the studied extracts, a tween model was used to create a hyperlipidemic state in rats, the concentrations of total cholesterol and triglycerides was determined in the serum of the experimental animals.Results. The conducted model experiments made it possible to conclude that the alcohol extracts obtained from the dried inflorescences of the “Dazzler”, “Rosea” and “Purity” varieties of Cosmos bipinnatus Cav. have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and hypolipidemic kinds of activities. It has been established that the extracts from the “Dazzler” and “Rosea” varieties (Cosmos bipinnatus Cav.) contribute to a better reduction in the accumulation of peroxide compounds, compared to the extract obtained from the “Purity” variety. The data analysis on the anti-inflammatory activity shows that all the studied objects significantly (p = 0.05) reduce the stage of exudation compared with the control group animals by 50% (the «Purity» variety), by 52% (the «Rosea» variety) and by 40% (the “Dazzler” variety).An experiment on the study of a hypolipidemic activity in the control group of the animals revealed a significant, in relation to the values of the intact group, increase in the cholesterol level of the blood serum by 78%, and in the level of triglycerides (TGCs) – by 64%.The administration of the extracts obtained from Cosmos bipinnatus Cav. “Purity”, “Rosea”, “Dazzler” varieties to the animals, led to a decrease in cholesterol in blood serum by 44%, 47%, 50%, and triglycerides by 52%, 52% and 57%, respectively. Both indicators reached the normal level and did not differ significantly from the values in healthy (intact) animals.Conclusion. According to the conducted studies, it can be concluded that alcohol extracts obtained from Cоsmos bipinnatus Cav., have pronounced antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and hypolipidemic kinds of effect.

Пектиновые вещества (ПВ) нашли широкое применение в медицине: выявлено их бактериостатическое действие, возможность выведения радионуклидов и тяжелых металлов из организма. В фармации пектины широко используются в качестве основы для получения пастилок, суппозиториев, таблеток, желатиновых лекарственных форм, а также для пролонгирования и усиления эффекта в таблетках и микстурах. Известно синергическое действие пектинов в комбинациях с противотуберкулезными препаратами. Из травы космеи дваждыперистой сортов: «Purity», «Rosea» и «Dazzler» получены пектиновые вещества. Изучены их физико-химические, кинетические и сорбционные свойства. Определено значение pH среды, при котором они находятся в изоэлектрическом состоянии, определена средняя молекулярная масса, установлена сорбционная способность по отношению к ионам свинца, что позволяет рассматривать возможность использования пектиновых веществ в качестве природных энтеросорбентов из доступного сырья.

В данной работе исследовалось распределение пектиновых веществ, полученных из травы космеи дваждыперистой разных сортов - Purity, Rosea, Dazzler. Диапазон концентраций водных растворов 0,1-1,0%, экстракционные системы «этилацетат - вода», «н-октанол - вода». Показана эффективность экстракции в зависимости от сорта космеи дваждыперистой и природы экстрагента. In this work, we studied the distribution of pectin substances obtained from the double-feathery cosmos herb, of different varieties ("Purity", "Rosea", "Dazzler"). The concentration range of aqueous solutions is 0.1 - 1.0%, extraction systems "ethyl acetate-water", "n-octanol-water". The efficiency of extraction is shown depending on the variety of double-feathery cosme and the nature of the extractant.

The mechanisms of the occurrence of nonequilibrium oxygen isotope fractionation between olivine and plagioclase phenocrysts and the groundmass of rocks (from alkaline basalts to alkaline rhyolites) of Changbaishan volcano are considered. The basaltic trachyandesite–trachyte–comendite–pantellerite rock series shows a systematic increase of the δ18O values of feldspar (from 5.4 to 7.8‰) and the rock groundmass (from 5.6 to 7.1‰). In contrast, the δ18О values of olivine decrease from 5.35‰ typical of mantle peridotites to significantly lower values (3.88–4.14‰). This is accompanied by changes in olivine composition from the Mg-rich (Fo = 74–79) to almost pure fayalite (Fo = 1), thus indicating a positive correlation between the Mg–number and δ18О of olivine. It is shown that feldspar and the rock groundmass are close to the oxygen isotopic equilibrium, whereas olivine–rock groundmass and olivine–feldspar pairs did not approach the oxygen isotopic equilibrium. The main mechanisms leading to the oxygen isotopic disequilibrium in the mineral–melt system are considered. An approach to the estimation of oxygen isotope equilibrium between the phenocrysts and melts is proposed. It takes into account the degree of melt polymerization (NBO/T ratio). This approach makes it possible to explain the positive correlation between δ18О values and olivine Mg-numbers in the Changbaishan lavas, as well as the occurrence of low δ18O values (down to +3‰) in ferrous olivine from alkaline–salic rocks. The δ18О values observed in the olivine and the rock groundmass reflect changes in the degree of melt polymerization during crystal fractionation. The proposed model does not require an additional geological process, in particular, the contribution of a low–δ18О material in the formation of the Changbaishan differentiated rock series.

The results of a study of mineral-hosted melt inclusions were used to reconstruct the evolution of tholeiitic melts that produced the rocks of the shield edifice of Wangtian’e volcano, Northeast China, including the P–T parameters of their crystallization. Primary melt inclusions were studied in plagioclase of tholeiitic basalts. They contain “dry” Fe-rich silicate glass or a crystallized fine-grained mineral aggregate, feldspar rim, and globules of various compositions: water-bearing Fe-rich globules, water-bearing Si-rich globules and “dry” Si-rich globules. In the groundmass of tholeiitic basalts, “dry” Si-rich and Fe-rich glasses, as well as hydrated Fe-rich glass with an H2O content of up to 10–15 wt.% were identified. The fractional crystallization path of Wangtian’e tholeiitic melts was calculated by the COMAGMAT-5.2.2 software using glass compositions of homogenized melt inclusions in plagioclase from the basalts. It was shown that the calculated temperatures of the beginning of plagioclase crystallization are in good agreement with temperatures obtained in thermometric experiments with melt inclusions in plagioclase, and correspond to 1180–1200°C. Based on our studies, several stages of the melt differentiation during the formation of Wangtian’e volcanic rocks were identified. The first stage includes the Fenner-type crystal fractionation of the melt due to the appearance of plagioclase on the liquidus at the beginning of magma crystallization. The separation of the ferrobasaltic melt into Si-rich and Fe-rich silicate immiscible liquids (“dry” and hydrated) corresponds to the second stage of differentiation. The occurrence of silicate liquid immiscibility follows from the presence of Fe-rich and Si-rich glasses in the intergranular space of the basalts and in the melt inclusions in plagioclase of these rocks.

Проведено качественное и количественное определение флавоноидного состава кожуры плодов Citrus limonia (L.). Качественное определение флавоноидного состава проводили в спиртовом извлечении методом бумажной хроматографии после предварительного удаления липофильных веществ и путем сравнения результатов со стандартными образцами. Хроматограммы рассматривали в видимом и УФ-свете с последующей обработкой парами аммиака, 2 % раствором натрия боргидрида с концентрированной кислотой хлороводородной, 2 % спиртовым раствором алюминия хлорида. Количественное содержание флавоноидов определяли прямым спектрофотометрическим методом без использования реакции комплексообразования с алюминия хлоридом. Экстракцию флавоноидов из сырья осуществляли смесью диметилсульфоксид – этанол в соотношении (10:2). В извлечении из кожуры плодов Citrus limonia (L.) обнаружены такие флаваноны как гесперидин, нарингин, гесперетин, а также флавоны диосмин и гликозид апигенина.

Проведено качественное и количественное определение флавоноидного состава кожуры плодов Citrus limonia (L.). Качественное определение флавоноидного состава проводили в спиртовом извлечении методом бумажной хроматографии после предварительного удаления липофильных веществ и путем сравнения результатов со стандартными образцами. Хроматограммы рассматривали в видимом и УФ-свете с последующей обработкой парами аммиака, 2 % раствором натрия боргидрида с концентрированной кислотой хлороводородной, 2 % спиртовым раствором алюминия хлорида. Количественное содержание флавоноидов определяли прямым спектрофотометрическим методом без использования реакции комплексообразования с алюминия хлоридом. Экстракцию флавоноидов из сырья осуществляли смесью диметилсульфоксид – этанол в соотношении (10:2). В извлечении из кожуры плодов Citrus limonia (L.) обнаружены такие флаваноны как гесперидин, нарингин, гесперетин, а также флавоны диосмин и гликозид апигенина.

Data on mineral-hosted melt, fluid, and crystalline inclusions were used to study the composition and evolution of melts that produced rocks of Changbaishan Tianchi volcano, China–North Korea, and estimate their crystallization parameters. The melts crystallized within broad ranges of temperature (1220–700°C) and pressure (3100–1000 bar), at a drastic change in the redox potential: Δ log \(f_{O_2}\) from NNO + 0.92 to +1.42 for the basalt melts, NNO –1.61 to –2.09 for the trachybasaltic andesite melts, NNO –2.63 to –1.89 for the comendite melts, and NNO –1.55 to –3.15 for the pantellerite melts. The paper reports estimates of the compositions of melts that produced the continuous rock series from trachybasalt to comendite and pantellerite. In terms of trace-element concentrations, all of the mafic melts are comparable with OIB magmas. The silicic melts are strongly enriched in trace elements and REE. The most strongly enriched melts contain concentrations of certain elements almost as high as in ores of these elements. The paper reports data on H2O concentrations in melts of different composition. It is demonstrated that the variations in the H2O concentrations were controlled by magma degassing. Data are reported on the Sr and Nd composition of the rocks. The deviations in the Sr isotopic composition are proportional to the 87Sr/86Sr ratio and could be produced in a melt with a high enough 87Sr/86Sr ratio during a geologically fairly brief time period. The evolution of melts that produced rocks of the volcano was controlled by crystallization differentiation of the parental basalt magmas at insignificant involvement of melt mixing and liquid immiscibility of silicate and sulfide melts. The alkaline salic rocks were generated in shallow-sitting (13–3.5 km) magmatic chambers in which the melts underwent profound differentiation that gave rise to pantellerites and comendites strongly enriched in trace elements (Th, Nb, Ta, Zr, and REE). Data on the composition of the magmas and parameters of their derivation are used to develop a generalized petrologic–geodynamic model for the origin of Changbaishan Tianchi volcano.

In this paper we use data on composition of melt, fluid, and crystal inclusions in minerals to reconstruct the compositions and formation conditions of the parental melts for the trachybasalts, trachybasaltic andesites, comendites, and pantellerites of Changbaishan Tianchi (Paektusan) volcano on the border of China and North Korea. The melts crystallized within broad temperature and pressure ranges of 1200700 degrees C and 31001000 bar. The redox conditions expressed as Delta NNO are +0.9 to +1.4 log units for the basalt melts, -1.6 to -2.1 log units for the trachybasaltic andesite melts, -2.6 to -1.9 log units for the comendite melts, and -1.6 to -3.2 log units for the pantellerite melts. All melts are rich in alkalis and FeO. The sulfur contents of the mafic melts vary from 0.06 to 0.13 wt%. The pantellerite melts are sulfur-free, but the groundmass of the pantellerites contain pyrite crystals. Mafic melts have a range in water contents from 0.11.0 wt%. The H2O contents of the comendite melts vary from 3.7 to 4.8 wt%, and the pantellerite melts contain 0.20.6 wt% H2O. It has been revealed that the magma crystallization was accompanied by changes in oxygen fugacity caused by the decompression of the magma chamber beneath Changbaishan Tianchi volcano. Such decompression resulted in open-system crystal fractionation during magma degassing. We propose that the degassing is responsible for variations in water and sulfur contents in the melts. As the pressure decreases, the gas phases become progressively enriched in H2O and S, and the S oxidation state is changed from S2- to S4+. Sulfur degassing in the form of SO2 at decompression and spinel precipitation during open-system magmatic differentiation resulted in melt reduction.

Products of a reaction of four aromatic amino acids-para-aminobenzoic (p-ABA), ortho-aminobenzoic (o-ABA), methyl-bis-anthranilic (MBAA), and 4,6-diamino-isophthalic (DAPhA)-with sodium hydroxide have been studied by Fourier-transform IR spectroscopy. It has been shown that acid groups do not undergo complete conversion to salt groups because a decrease in the solution pH during reaction leads to a shift of the tautomeric equilibrium toward the formation of zwitterions. In the solid phase, the zwitterions remain in compounds in which they are present in the acids (MBAA and o-ABA) and appear in the DAPhA salt owing to the electron density redistribution in the aromatic ring. It has been found that the p-ABA salt molecules are in the canonical form. The formation of the salts leads to a change in the supramolecular organization of the molecules in the solid phase. The most energetically favorable intermolecular hydrogen bond of carboxylic acid dimers is replaced by the hydrogen bond between the oxygen atoms of the carboxylate anions and the protons of the amino groups.

Big molecular weight conditions are responsible for some properties, which are absent in low molecular compounds. Therefore, its determination allows revealing of some physical and technological properties of biopolymers and prediction of the possibility of their practical application. The aim of this work was to determine an average molarweight, to study the superficial properties at the border of “solution-air” phases, and to establish an isoelectric spot of water solutions of pectin substances (PS), isolated from a solvent cake of Tagetes patula inflorescences. Materials and methods. Polysaccharide complexes were isolated from the solvent cake of Tagetes patula inflorescences of Carmen species which was left after a raw material extraction with ethanol 40% with the method of Kochetkov and M. Sinnera. The time of water and PS solutions flow out was measured by the use of a capillary Ostwald viscosimeter; different types of viscosity were calculated. The density of solutions was determined by using a picnometric method, however due to the closeness of density of the analyzed solutions and water, they were not considered in the calculation of the relative viscosity. Series of solutions with 0.01 to 0.5% concentrations were prepared from 1% PS water solutions to determine a surface activity. Monometric liquid tension variations were set in Rehbinder’s apparatus in the moment of an air bubble appearance on the surface of PS solution. Isoelectric spot (IES) of PS was determined in acetate buffer solution with pH within 3.2 to 6.2 by using the viscometer method. Results and discussion. Fractioning of the obtained polysaccharide complexes showed that efficiency of the pectin substances amounted to 2.2%. Calculation shows that an average molar weight of PS amounted to 45272 g/mol. About the degree of interaction between macromolecules of polymer and solvent, structural properties of macromolecule, the degree of its branching can be judged by the value of Huggins test. The value was found to be 1.46, which proves the low solubility of PS in water. Apparently, a biopolymer chain has been branched which worsen the solubility of macromolecules and further may promote the formation of gelcondition. PS, isolated from the solvent cake of Tagetes patula, belong to the group of the surface active substances. Due to a big cross section of a molecule (S) and the high average molar weight, (45272 g/mol) molecules occupy a big volume at the surface of phase separation. We have established that macromolecule is in the isoelectric state at pH = 4.7. Conclusion. In the result of the studies using viscometer method, we have determined a molar weight of PS equal to 45272 g/mol. Huggins constant (1.46) which is connected to a low solubility of PS in water has been determined. We have established that PS, isolated from the solvent cake of Tagetes patula, are surface active. We have shown that PS macromolecule is in the state of polyamphion at pH = 4.7.