The design of a laboratory solid-state thermostat based on Peltier elements with an operating temperature range from −50 to +90°C is described. The thermostat is made from up-to-date circuitry components. Thin films, silicon chip fragments with analyzed structures, and other miniature objects with lateral dimensions of up to 15 × 15 mm can be used as a test sample. The sample thickness is limited by the thermal conductivity of its material, and it can be as large as 3 mm.

The results of studying the ionic system parameters of the LiPON solid electrolyte by the voltage relaxation method on the polarized Ti|LiPON|Ti structure are presented. The measurements were carried out at temperatures of 223, 248, 273, and 300 K on a bench consisting of a thermostat, a charger, a charge-discharge switching device, and a recording circuit. The samples in the form of Ti|LiPON|Ti test structures charged to a voltage of 1 V were discharged through an external load with a nominal value of 1 MΩ, 100 kΩ, 10 kΩ, 1 kΩ, 100 Ω, and 10 Ω, and U(t) curves were recorded. A mathematical model of diffusion relaxation of polarization is developed, which approximates the discharge curves U(t). The method of fitting the parameters of the approximating dependence was used to determine the equilibrium concentration of lithium ions, the effective thickness of the electrical double layer, and the volume relaxation time of nonequilibrium ions.

The results of measuring the charge-discharge characteristics of solid-state thin-film lithium-ion batteries with a nanocomposite anode based on a-Si(Al) solid solution are presented. The charging characteristics of batteries have a feature in the form of a step on the smooth branch of the charge curve. It is shown that the appearance of the step is associated with the compensation of a-Si(Al) and the change from hole to electron conductivity due to lithiation of the electrode during charging. As a result of lithiation, the electron over-barrier current becomes the main component of the charging current. To maintain a galvanostatic charge mode, the potentiostat increases the voltage by the height of the potential barrier, which leads to the appearance of a step on the charging curve. The impedance of a solid-state thin-film lithium-ion battery of the LiCoO2-LiPON-Si@O@Al electrochemical system was measured in the temperature range from -20°С to 50°С. A structural model of the accumulator is proposed and the parameters of the structural elements of the model are calculated which provide the best fit for experimental Nyquist diagrams. The obtained values of the electrodes’ resistivity are orders of magnitude higher than the results of direct measurements and data from literary sources. According to the IV-characteristics obtained by cyclic voltammetry the high resistance of the electrodes is due to the metal-semiconductor contact and the varistor effect of the electrode material. The results obtained make significant adjustments to the interpretation of the impedance spectra and structural models of solid-state lithium-ion batteries based on semiconductor materials

The results on measuring the impedance of a solid-state thin-film lithium-ion battery of the LiCoO2-LiPON-Si@O@Al electrochemical system in the temperature range from -20°С to 50°С are presented. A structural model is proposed and the parameters of its elements, providing the best fit for the experimental Nyquist diagrams, are calculated. It is shown that the main contribution to the internal resistance is made by the LiPON-LiCoO2 interface. Based on the temperature dependence of the LiPON solid electrolyte conductivity the activation energy of lithium is determined, which is in good agreement with the literature data.

The results of measuring the resistivity of thin-film structures Ti|Si@O@Al|Ti and Ti|LiCoO2|Ti by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) are presented. It was found that, according to the EIS data, the resistance of Ti|Si@O@Al|Ti is three orders of magnitude higher than the CV data, which is due to the nonohmic nature of the metal-semiconductor junction and the varistor effect. It is shown that the Ti-LiCoO2 contact is ohmic, while the nonlinearity of the CVC is well described by the varistor effect. The results obtained are of importance for the interpretation of the impedance spectra of thin-film solid-state lithium-ion batteries based on semiconductor materials.

The results of measuring the charge-discharge characteristics of solid-state thin-film lithium-ion batteries with a nanocomposite anode based on a-Si(Al) solid solution are presented. The charging characteristics of batteries have a feature in the form of a step on the gentle branch of the curve. It has been suggested and substantiated that the appearance of the step is related to the gradual compensation and change of the a-Si(Al) hole conductivity to electronic one as the lithium concentration increases. As a result, the a-Si(Al)|Ti ohmic contact becomes rectifying, and the electrons participating in the Faraday process are forced to overcome the Schottky barrier. The potential growth required to maintain the galvanostatic charge regime appears as a step on the charge curve.

The results on measuring the I-V characteristics of the metal-semiconductor transition within the Ti(200nm)|Si@O@Al(179nm)|Ti(203nm) test structure are presented. The basis of the Si@O@Al nanocomposite is a solid solution of Al in amorphous silicon a-Si(Al). The I–V of the test structure has a form characteristic of a reverse-biased ohmic contact between a metal and a p-type semiconductor, which implies that a-Si(Al) is a substitutional solid solution. It is shown that the I-V fits well the framework of the metal-semiconductor transition model and the varistor effect of the nanocomposite. Within the framework of the percolation model, it is shown that the I–V give values of the Si@O@Al resistivity, which are overestimated with respect to the resistance of the a-Si(Al) solid solution.

We present an experimental investigation of the energy spectra of the charged particles emitted from polycrystalline copper under argon and xenon cluster ion irradiation. Positive secondary particles have significantly lower energies than in the case of sputtering with atomic argon. The spectra of the charged particles emitted under xenon cluster bombardment are systematically narrower than the corresponding ones obtained under argon cluster bombardment. The observed regularities can be explained in terms of energy transfer form a cluster to the target.

Energy spectra of charged particles emitted from a polycrystalline copper target bombarded with argon and xenon cluster ions have been experimentally studied. Positive particles sputtered with gas cluster ions possess significantly lower energies than do particles sputtered with atomic argon. The spectra of charged particles emitted under bombardment with xenon cluster ions are systematically narrower than analogous spectra obtained under bombardment with argon clusters. The discovered laws can be explained from the standpoint of features of energy transfer from the cluster ion to the target.

The effect of porosity on the charge-discharge characteristics of thin films based on an Si–O–Al nanocomposite with two types of structure, homogeneous and columnar, is studied. An additional increase in the porosity of thin Si–O–Al films is achieved by removing the $${\text{Si}}{{{\text{O}}}_{x}}$$ phase, where $$1 < x \leqslant 2,$$ when etching in a solution of hydrofluoric acid. The charge-discharge characteristics of the films were investigated in half-cells in the galvanostatic mode. It is shown that processing films with a columnar structure leads to an increase in their specific capacity and stability under extreme charge-discharge modes.

The results of studying the structure and phase composition of thin-film positive electrodes of a lithium-ion battery based on vanadium oxides are presented. It is shown that initially polycrystalline films contain higher V 2 O 5 and V 3 O 7 oxides, the proportion of which increases with the time of oxygen annealing. As a result of charge–discharge cycling, the higher vanadium oxides are amorphized, while the content of the VO 2 and V 2 O 3 phases decreases slightly, and the proportion of VO oxide remains unchanged. These data are in good agreement with the change in the capacity of the films during their cycling, which suggests that the main reason for the decrease in the capacity of the films is the amorphization of the higher vanadium oxides with the highest specific capacity.

A design of a fully solid-state thin-film lithium-ion battery prototype and results of its being tested are presented. It is shown that the specific features of its charge–discharge characteristics are associated with the change of the Fermi level in the electrodes and are due to changes in the concentration of lithium ions in the course of charge–discharge. The specific capacity characteristics of the prototype were determined and found to be comparable with the characteristics of commercial lithium-ion batteries.

As an anode material for liquid lithium-ion batteries, film structures consisting of several identical modules [Co(x)/a-Si(100)/Cu(70)], where the value of x varied from 2 to 10 nm, have been studied. It is shown that relatively thick cobalt layers are effective diffusion barriers for silicon and copper atoms, as well as lithium ions. This leads to a decrease in the capacitive properties of the studied films. Thin cobalt layers (less than 3 nm) with a network structure, on the contrary, contribute to an increase in the capacitive properties of anode films. This is due to a more uniform distribution in their volume of drift channels of lithium ions, which are formed at the initial stage of electrode cycling.