Ni-CeO₂ solid solution catalysts (NixCe(1-0.5x)O2) were designed and synthesized via a hydrothermal method for the vapor-phase catalytic transfer hydrogenation (CTH) of levulinic acid (LA) to γ-valerolactone (GVL) using formic acid as a hydrogen donor. The incorporation of Ni2+ into the CeO₂ lattice modulated the porous structure, enhanced metal dispersion, and engineered the microchemical environment. Combined characterization (XRD, XAFS, in situ XPS, CO-DRIFT, H2-TPD, NH3-TPD, and Py-FTIR) revealed that Ni doping promotes the formation of oxygen vacancies and Ce3+ species, which serve as strong Lewis acid sites, while simultaneously stabilizing highly dispersed metallic Ni sites. The optimal catalyst (Ni0.10Ce0.950O2) achieved the highest LA conversion (76.6%) and GVL selectivity (>94%), attributable to its peak Ni dispersion (44.6%) and maximized density of strong Lewis acid sites (21.3 μmol/g). A synergistic bifunctional mechanism is proposed, wherein adjacent metallic Ni and Lewis acid sites cooperate to facilitate hydrogenation and cyclodehydration steps. The solid solution structure also conferred improved stability and coke resistance, underscoring its potential for sustainable continuous production of GVL from biomass-derived feedstocks.

ZIF-67/HS (ZIF: zeolitic imidazolate framework; HS: hollow structure) was employed in an H-cell for electrochemical reduction of nitroarenes. In the process, water as a hydrogen resource is dissociated into *H species, and the HS for selective *H species transfers to -NO2 groups for reduction while the side reactions are effectively avoided, leading to high selectivity that is sharply superior to the traditional contact mode. The experimental and calculation results uncover that ZIF-67/HS delivers superior performance in nitrobenzene reduction compared with pristine ZIF-67, showing great potential for the fabrication of electrochemical catalysts toward industrial processes.

Achieving tunable dual-mode afterglow in nanostructures remains a significant challenge for intelligent information security. Herein, we report fluorine-doped silicon nanodots (F-SiNDs) synthesized via a facile and ecofriendly levofloxacin-doped strategy. F-SiNDs exhibit a uniform spherical morphology with an average diameter of similar to 1.85 nm and distinct crystalline lattice fringes. By introducing highly electronegative C-F and Si-F bonds, the singlet-triplet energy gap (Delta E-ST) is reduced to 0.42 eV, enabling synergistic room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) and thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF). The resulting F-SiNDs exhibit a high quantum yield of 80.88% and a thermochromic afterglow that evolves from yellow-green to blue. Through the integration of F-SiNDs into hydrophilic polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and hydrophobic polyvinyl chloride (PVC) matrices (F-SiNDs@PVA, F-SiNDs@PVC), we engineered flexible films with distinct environmental responses. F-SiNDs@PVA film exhibits reversible water-and heat-responsive "on-off" switching and excellent aqueous recyclability driven by dynamic hydrogen-bond networks, whereas F-SiNDs@PVC film maintains stable emission. Exploiting this matrix-dependent differential response, we constructed a recyclable information encryption platform with multi-cycle reversibility and dynamic anti-counterfeiting capabilities. This work provides a novel paradigm to design scalable, multifunctional stimuli-responsive dual-mode afterglow materials for intelligent information encryption applications.

To design catalysts with high performance on the heterogeneous catalysis fields has puzzled many scientists due to the multifarious repeated experiments which takes most of their time. Herein, a multi‐factor and multi‐level experimental design (M2ED) with an artificial neural network (ANN) has been performed to optimize the catalyst synthesis tactic. During the process, 5 factors within one experiment was considered to establish a neural network model to pick out the optimal synthesis condition. Excitingly, the as‐synthesized catalyst according to the above strategy displays superior catalytic activity to the other similar synthesis tactics. This work not only fabricates a catalyst with extremely catalytic performance but also provides new insights into constructing catalysts with special function efficiently.

Near-infrared (NIR) photothermal therapy (PTT) has emerged as a promising modality for cancer treatment due to its minimal invasiveness, precise spatiotemporal control, and potent therapeutic outcomes. However, the clinical application of photothermal agents (PTAs) remains limited by issues such as poor biodegradability, long-term toxicity, and insufficient photothermal conversion efficiency. Herein, we report the development of a novel amphiphilic aza-boron-dipyrromethene (aza-BODIPY)-based photothermal agent, C8-NBDP-OEG4, which self-assembles into monodisperse nanoparticles in aqueous solution. These nanoparticles exhibit excellent chemical and photostability, along with a high photothermal conversion efficiency of 39.8% under 808 nm laser irradiation. To endow the system with multifunctionality, the nitric oxide (NO) donor S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP) was co-encapsulated within the nanoparticles, enabling NIR-triggered NO release. This design achieves a dual-mode therapeutic strategy, combining localized hyperthermia and NO-mediated modulation of the tumor microenvironment, thereby significantly enhancing anticancer efficacy. Importantly, the released NO was found to amplify the photoacoustic (PA) signal intensity, facilitating photoacoustic imaging-guided therapy. Both in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated pronounced tumor growth inhibition with minimal systemic toxicity. Collectively, our study introduces C8-NBDP-OEG4@NO nanoparticles as a multifunctional theranostic nanoplatform, offering NIR-activated, PA imaging-guided synergistic NO-photothermal therapy and showcasing strong potential for precise and effective cancer treatment.

The commercial carbon molecular sieves (CMSs) were modified with alkaline earth metals (Mg, Ca, Sr, and Ba) by an incipient wetness impregnation method. The metal species were well dispersed on pristine CMSs and existed in the stable form of divalent cations. The modification showed greater influence on specific surface area rather than total pore volume and average diameter, which was mostly related to the location of metal species at the pore entrance, leading to the enhancement of diffusion resistance. The Ca-, Mg-, Sr-, and Ba-modified adsorbents weakened the adsorption of methane by more than 32% at 0.7 MPa without affecting the adsorption of nitrogen. These types of metals affected strongly the separation selectivity, tuning the methane selectivity between 3.7 and 5.5, and they also have significant influence on adsorption kinetics especially for methane diffusion. Compared to CMSs, the sample with Mg modification hardly affects the diffusion of nitrogen. The alkaline metal-modified adsorbents exhibited good stability, and the adsorption capacity can be recovered by thermal regeneration.

Bimetallic NiCu was first loaded on SiO2 by a complexing-impregnation method and then subjected to hydrothermal treatment to create a hollow structure. Characterization techniques including SEM, TEM, N2 adsorption/ desorption isotherms, XRD, XPS, H2-TPR, H2-chemisorption, in situ pyridine-probed FT-IR and TG etc. were utilized to study the structure-activity relationships. The results showed that the creation of hollow structure enlarged the specific surface area. Ni species exhibited stronger affinity for the SiO2 support compared to Cu species, the formation of nickel silicate stabilized the Ni species, making them hard to reduce. Reduced metallic Cu0 sites served as active centers instead, influencing the metal dispersion and acidic properties. Medium and strong acidic sites were more prevalent in the samples with lower Ni/Cu ratios. Consequently, the bimetallic NiCu catalysts outperformed monometallic catalyst in the hydrogenation of levulinic acid to gamma-valerolactone. The Ni1Cu1/SiO2 catalyst achieved the highest LA conversion of 73.0 %, GVL selectivity of 99.0 %, and showed good catalytic stability due to the improved coke resistance.

An exceptional catalyst featuring uniformly dispersed cobalt nanoparticles on a hollow structure was fabricated. Both experimental and theoretical results demonstrate that the N-doped support modulates the electron density of the active sites. At the same time, the hollow architecture facilitates substrate enrichment, collectively enhancing CO2 fixation and leading to superb catalytic activity and excellent cycling stability.

Propane dehydrogenation (PDH) is an attractive method for propylene production. PtxFe/ZSM-5 catalysts were prepared by the sequential incipient wetness impregnation of Fe and Pt on ZSM-5 support. The promoting effect of Fe on the catalytic performance of PtxFe/ZSM-5 during propane dehydrogenation reaction was studied. Various characterization techniques including N2 adsorption/desorption, ICP-OES, HRTEM, XPS, CO-DRIFT and TG were employed to unravel the properties of the catalysts. The experimental results confirmed the importance of Fe as a promotor in PDH. Suitable loading of Fe could obviously improve propane conversion, propylene selectivity, and the anti-coking ability of the catalysts, while excessive Fe caused metal aggregation and promoted side reactions, leading to a decreased propylene selectivity. When Fe loading was 1.0 %, the resulting Pt1.0Fe/ZSM-5 exhibited the best catalytic performance (propane conversion = 47.1 %, and propylene selectivity = 78.9 %), and it also showed good catalytic stability after regeneration. Pt0.5Fe/ZSM-5 showed the lowest coke amount of 0.10 gc & sdot;gcat- 1, and the addition of 0.5 % Fe in Pt/ZSM-5 catalyst decreased 61.5 % of coke deposits.

Designing catalysts with high performance on the heterogeneous catalysis fields has puzzled many scientists due to the multifarious repeated experiments which takes most of their time. Herein, a multifactor and multilevel experimental design with an artificial neural network has been performed to optimize the catalyst synthesis tactic. During the process, five factors within one experiment are considered to establish a neural network model to pick out the optimal synthesis condition. Excitingly, the as-synthesized catalyst according to the above strategy displays superior catalytic activity to the other similar synthesis tactics. This work not only fabricates a catalyst with extremely catalytic performance but also provides new insights into constructing catalysts with special function efficiently.

Well-dispersed NiZrAl catalysts were prepared by thermally decomposing the NiZrAl-layered double hydroxides (LDH) precursor which was in situ assembled on Al2O3 (Al source) surface through a urea homogeneous precipitation-deposition strategy, characterized by XRD, TG, TEM, N2 adsorption/desorption isotherms, TPR, XPS, H2-chemisorption and Raman techniques. The findings indicated that nickel species were well-dispersed on the support surface. Variation in nickel loading had a more significant influence on the surface chemical state and dispersion. Nickel oxide was only partially reduced to metallic Ni, and larger number and smaller metal particle size of which were more favorable for glycerol cracking. The product distribution was markedly affected by the content of oxygen vacancies, and hydrogen production was enhanced by promoting the water gas shift reaction. The optimal catalytic performance was achieved over the sample 15NiZr@Al2O3 with a glycerol conversion of 92.4 % and a H2 selectivity of 76.7 %. All the catalysts demonstrated good resistance to sintering, and carbon nanotubes were generated as a by-product.

Nanocomposites comprising metal nanoparticles (MNPs) anchored on hollow framework (MNP-on-HF) surfaces demonstrate versatile applications across multiple disciplines. Notably, leveraging the molecular sieving effect of support layer pore sizes in NP-loaded catalysts enables enhanced selectivity in heterogeneous catalytic reactions. Nevertheless, such composites often suffer from limited catalytic efficiency due to reactant diffusion constraints within the HF cores. To address this challenge and improve the selectivity of multireaction competition, we propose a novel polymer-coated strategy to synthesize a series of MNP-on-HF catalysts for efficient hydrogenation. By precisely modulating the size of the inner core during encapsulation, we synthesized Co-on-HF catalysts with tunable pore sizes (50-750 nm), which can manage the adsorption of nitro compounds, further confining the formation of catalytic products with high selectivity. The nitrogen-doped surfaces of these Co-on-HF composites achieved superior nitrobenzene hydrogenation conversion rates compared to nonpolymer-coated analogues, while simultaneously demonstrating remarkable size selectivity through the molecular sieving effect of their tailored pore architectures. This pore size control enables the selective production of aniline, azobenzene, or azobenzene oxide from nitrobenzene hydrogenation. Importantly, this synthetic methodology can be extended to diverse active site-HF combinations, underscoring its broad potential for the design of advanced catalysts with precisely controlled reactivity and selectivity profiles.

The preparation of the binary metal NiCe-based catalysts involved a 2-step protocol, the ceria was first coated on SiO2 which was then utilized to disperse Ni nanoparticles. Various techniques including N2 adsorption/ desorption, ICP-OES, XRD, HRTEM, XPS, H2-chemisorption, H2-TPR, NH3-TPD, and TG etc. were performed to study the microstructure, redox, acid property and deactivation. The results revealed that CeO2 and metallic Ni were well dispersed on the support surface, the synergistic effect between the two metal species was conserved well. The content of CeO2 had considerable effects on redox and metallic properties rather than the acidic property. The dispersion of metallic Ni played a dominant role in promoting the catalytic activity. The levulinic acid conversion attained 84.0 % with a gamma-valerolactone selectivity of 98.8 % on Ni/SiO2@2CeO2 sample with the highest dispersion of 9.8 %. The amorphous CeO2 suppressed the sintering of metallic Ni nanoparticles and improved the coke resistance, leading to better catalytic activity within 20 h time on stream.

There is a need to design substrate-supported catalysts for the heterogeneous fields, especially with large porosity, which can facilitate mass transport. Herein, aiming at enhancing the performance of CO2 fixation, a hollow carbon sphere-supported catalyst of FeNPs/HCS (FeNPs, Fe nanoparticles; HCS, hollow carbon sphere) is facilely designed and fabricated. Excitingly, the experimental and calculation results reveal that FeNPs/HCS displays an ultrahigh activity with almost complete conversions in CO2 cycloaddition, surpassing the performance of FeNPs/CS (CS, carbon sphere); this demonstrates that the HCS plays a key role, which may be attributed to the hollow structure tuning the electron density and enhancing the enrichment of the substrate and CO2, consequently lowering the barrier associated with mass transfer. The work not only provides a novel strategy to construct an efficient catalyst but also proposes, for the first time, an electron redistribution tactic to influence the catalytic process for CO2 cycloaddition.

We report an HN-ZIF-67 catalyst with a large hollow structure and well-dispersed active sites by a facile diffusion-controlled strategy. Compared with the pristine ZIF-67 and semi-sealed ZIF-67, HN-ZIF-67 shows remarkable catalytic activity in the hydrogenation of nitro-compounds due to its highly dispersed active sites that are exposed to the substrate, and long cycle life.

Chemical engineering optimization from a batch processto continuousflow in liquid-phase hydrogenation brings a significant improvementin efficiency. However, its further application is limited due tothe severe pressure drop and tube blockage problems in a powder-formcatalyst fixed-bed reactor, especially for nanocarbon-supported catalysts.In this work, spherical monoliths containing oxygenated carbon nanotube(oCNT)-supported Pd nanoparticles (ca. average size of 2 mm) are fabricatedvia an in situ gelation method and applied for cinnamaldehyde (CAL)selective hydrogenation in a continuous-flow system. The simulatedresults by the computational fluid dynamics-discrete elementmethod (CFD-DEM) coupled method show that the pressure dropof the monolith catalyst bed is maintained within 0.4 Pa. The Pd/oCNTmonolithic catalyst exhibits excellent CAL conversion of 85.8% andhydrocinnamaldehyde (HCAL) selectivity of 93.5% within a high weighthourly space velocity (WHSV) of 0.012 s(-1) at mildreaction conditions (30 & DEG;C, 3 bar). The catalyst maintains robustcatalytic activity and HCAL selectivity (>93%) under varied reactiontemperatures (30/60 & DEG;C), H-2 partial pressures (3-10bar), and WHSVs (0.012-0.184 s(-1)) and a stablereaction activity for more than 60 h time on stream, revealing thepossibility in industrial hydrogenation reactions. The catalytic activityof the monolithic catalyst is determined by the surface propertiesof the carbon nanotubes and the chemical interactions between Pd nanoparticlesand supports. The oxygenated functional groups and surface defectson oCNTs are beneficial for strong chemical interaction with Pd species,which forms abundant electron-deficient Pd & delta;+ speciesto facilitate C C hydrogenation. This study puts forward insightsinto and perspectives for selective hydrogenation reactions in bothelectronic structure tuning of the active phase at the atomic scaleand fabrication of monolithic catalysts at the macroscopic scale.

为了研究催化剂的酸碱性和氧化还原能力对纯锰氧化物催化剂的NH3-SCR(选择性催化还原)反应性能影响,选取碱土金属Sr、过渡金属Ce、Fe和非金属Si对纯锰氧化物催化剂进行改性,所有催化剂均采用共沉淀法制取.通过XRD、N2-BET、NH3-TPD、XPS和H2-TPR表征手段对催化剂进行分析.XRD结果表明,实验采用的制备方法制备的锰基催化剂主要物相为Mn2O3和Mn5O8;N2-BET结果显示,Ce、Fe、Si 3种元素能有效增加纯锰氧化物的比表面积;NH3-TPD和XPS结果证明,Ce、Fe、Si的引入使得纯锰氧化物的表面吸附氧(OⅡ)、Mn4+含量提高,Ce和Si的掺杂增加了催化剂的总酸量,Fe则有效调控了酸性位的分布;H2-TPR结果表明,除Ce外其余元素均使纯锰氧化物催化剂的氧化还原能力有所减弱.对所有催化剂在100～400℃进行脱硝活性测试,MnCeOx表现出优异的低温脱硝活性,MnSiOx表现出不错的中高温脱硝活性.

A series of Pt-based catalysts has been prepared by a chelating-agent-assisted impregnation method, and characterized by N2 adsorption/desorption, XRD, XPS, H2-TPR, NH3-TPD, pyridine-FTIR, CO-DRIFT-IR, Raman, and TG techniques to investigate the influence of organic acids on physicochemical properties. It was found that, except in the case of tartaric acid, organic acid-assisted preparation not only led to higher dispersion of Pt particles in comparison with organic acid-free catalyst PtSn/Al2O3, but also changed the concentration of Lewis acid sites and modified the interaction between the metallic Pt sites and the support. Experiments on the catalytic dehydrogenation of propane have revealed that the optimal dehydrogenation performance, with a propane conversion of 35% and a propylene selectivity of 93%, was obtained over the citric acid-assisted catalyst (PtSn/Al2O3-CA). Lewis acid sites are mainly responsible for activating C–H bonds during the tandem activation–cleavage process, whereas coke deposition and the aggregation of Pt sites are mainly responsible for deactivation of the catalyst.

金刚烷作为二十一世纪重要的新兴精细化工原料,在新材料、现代医药和功能性环保催化剂等领域具有重要用途.本文对金刚烷生产技术和应用现状进行了分析,提出以环保型三氯化铝法作为未来金刚烷生产技术的发展方向;阐述了金刚烷产业发展趋势,提出大力发展盐酸金刚烷胺和金刚烷胺衍生物的思路,并对金刚烷市场进行了分析,得出金刚烷市场前景广阔的结论.本研究对促进我国金刚烷产业健康发展具有较好的参考价值.