A Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped moderately halophilic facultatively methylotrophic bacterial strain, designated MH4T, was isolated from salty soil sample of the potash mining departments, Solikamsk, Russia. The strain was found to utilise methanol in presence La3+ and polycarbon compounds as carbon and energy sources. Growth optimum was observed to be at 28–37 °C, pH 5.5–6.5 and 2–5

A novel methanotrophic strain 9NT was isolated from the sludge of a freshwater lake. Cells were aerobic, Gram-stain-negative, non-motile pleomorphic rods with intracytoplasmic membrane systems that appropriate type-II methanotrophs and hemispherical and spherical exocellular formations on the perimeter of the cell wall surface. The novel isolate grows only on methane or methanol as the sole carbon and energy source, at 10–37 °C (optimum 28–30 °C), pH 4.5–9.0 (optimum 7.0–7.5), up to 1

The possible application of Rhоdococcus qingshengii strain GlMm1, isolated from a Dead Sea clay sample, as the basis of a biosensor for determining the benzimidazole fungicide carbendazim was investigated. High sensitivity of the biosensor under neutral pH and up to 500 mM NaCl at 2 to 160 μM carbendazim was maintained for up to 30 days.

Abstract Hans.schle.ge'li.a. N.L. fem. n. Hansschlegelia , of Hans Schlegel, named after the famous German microbiologist, Professor Hans G. Schlegel, known for his classic studies on autotrophic bacteria. Pseudomonadota / Alphaproteobacteria / Rhizobiales / Methylopilaceae / Hansschlegelia The genus Hansschlegelia is represented by Gram‐negative, nonsporulating, colorless, and nonmotile or motile short rod‐shaped bacteria that occur singly or in pairs. Colonies are white to light pink, translucent, convex, round, and up to 2 mm in diameter. Obligate aerobes, having a strict respiratory type of metabolism with oxygen as the terminal electron acceptor. Reduce nitrates to nitrites. Restricted facultative methylotrophs. Assimilate C 1 compounds via the isocitrate lyase‐negative serine pathway. Utilize only several polycarbon substrates. Growth occurs on a mineral salt medium with methanol, formate, and glycerol; some strains can utilize methylamine. Growth factors are not required. Nitrogen sources include methylamine, amino acids, ammonium salts, and nitrates. Methyl red‐ and Voges–Proskauer‐negative. Urease‐, catalase‐, and oxidase‐positive. Able to form indole from l ‐tryptophan on mineral medium with methanol and KNO 3 . Neutrophilic and mesophilic. Growth at pH 5.0–9.0 and within a temperature range between 10 and 40°C. No growth in the presence of 2% NaCl (w/v). The major ubiquinone is Q‐10. The dominant phospholipids are phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, and diphosphatidylglycerol. The prevailing cellular fatty acids are C 18:1 ω7 c , C 16:0 , and C 19:0 cyclo acids. The genome sizes range between 3.58 and 4.62 Mb. According to Genome Taxonomy Database (GTDB), the genus Hansschlegelia belongs to the phylum Pseudomonadota , class Alphaproteobacteria , order Rhizobiales , and family Methylopilaceae . The type species is Hansschlegelia plantiphila . Representatives of this genus inhabit phyllosphere and rhizosphere of various plants and rhizospheric and polluted farmland soils. DNA G + C content (mol%) : 67.0–69.4 (genome sequence). Type species : Hansschlegelia plantiphila Ivanova et al. 2007, VL133.

The two novel bacterial strains, designated as VTT and ML, were isolated from roots of cinquefoil (Potentilla sp.) and leaves of meadow-grass (Poa sp.) on the flooded bank of lake, respectively. These isolates were Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, non-motile, rod-shaped cells, utilized methanol, methylamine, and polycarbon compounds as carbon and energy sources. In the whole-cell fatty acid pattern of strains prevailed C18:1ω7c and C19:0cyc. Based on the phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences, strains VTT and ML were closely related to the representatives of the genus Ancylobacter (98.3–98.5

A new facultative methylotroph, strain 6x-1T, was isolated from the phyllosphere of oak (Quercus pubescens Willd.) on the medium with methanol. Cells were aerobic, gram-negative, not-spore-forming, non-motile short ovoids rods reproducing by binary fission. Growth optimum was at 25‒29°C and pH 7.0‒7.5; growth was inhibited by 1.5

Hydrometallurgical production of valuable and non-ferrous metals is traditionally accompanied with acid waste effluents/acid mine drainage leading to acidification of the mining areas. The traditional cause of this pollution is the well-known technology based on the recovery of metals with acid solutions and the application of strong acidophilic leaching bacteria for the oxidation of sulfide ores. In our experiments, we used neutrophilic autotrophic bacteria (NAB) stimulated with formic acid or coupled with acidophilic bacteria. The first approach was based on using formic acid as an energetic substrate by autotrophic bacteria. In the second case, the NAB provided initial biogenic acidification for the following growth of the inoculated acidophilic bacteria. Our experiments resulted in increased nickel recovery from the low-grade sulfide ores, which was provided by the NAB in a medium supplemented with formic acid. Bioleaching resulted in 1116 mg Ni/L (69.75%) in the medium with formate and only 35.4 mg Ni/L without formate in 43 days. As a whole, our bench scale experiments showed that the stimulated NAB can be effective at pH 7–5. Partially replacing sulfuric acid with formic acid could also give benefits via the following natural degradation of acid wastes. As a whole, this approach is more environmentally friendly than conventional bioleaching techniques.

Abstract Me.thy.lo.vo'rus. N.L. neut. n. methylum the methyl group; N.L. masc. adj. vorus consuming; N.L. masc.n. Methylovorus the methyl consumer. Proteobacteria / Betaproteobacteria / Methylophilales / Methylophilaceae / Methylovorus The genus Methylovorus accommodates obligate and restricted facultative methylotrophs. Cells of these methylotrophic bacteria are Gram‐stain negative, aerobic, and motile rods with single polar flagellum, which multiply by binary fission and occur singly without aggregation. Cells do not possess endospores, intracellular membranes, or poly‐β‐hydroxybutyrate granules and prosthecae. Cells of some strains produce slime. Members of this genus are able to utilize methanol via the ribulose monophosphate (RuMP) pathway of C 1 assimilation. These bacteria possess an incomplete tricarboxylic acid cycle because they lack α‐ketoglutarate dehydrogenase. Enzymes of the glyoxylate cycle (malate synthase and isocitrate lyase) are absent. Some strains can grow on methylamine and poorly on glucose or fructose. No growth occurs on rich media with peptone and under CH 4 + O 2 or H 2 + CO 2 + O 2 in the gas phase. These methylotrophic bacteria are mesophilic, neutrophilic, and nonhalophilic. Vitamins or other growth factors are not required for growth. Nitrogen sources are ammonium salts, nitrates, and some amino acids. Indole is produced from l ‐tryptophan on mineral medium with methanol and KNO 3 . The major fatty acids are C 16:0 and C 16:1 ω7 c . Known habitats are wastewater, soil, or phyllosphere and rhizosphere of various plants. DNA G + C content (mol%) : 54.0–55.4 ( T m and genome sequence). Type species : Methylovorus glucosotrophus Govorukhina and Trotsenko 1991 VP .

Abstract Me.thy.lo.ba.cil'lus. N.L. neut. n. methylum the methyl radica; L. dim. masc. n. bacillus a small rod; N.L. masc. n. Methylobacillus methyl rodlet. Proteobacteria / Betaproteobacteria / Methylophilales / Methylophilaceae / Methylobacillus The genus Methylobacillus accommodates obligate and restricted facultative methylotrophs. Cells of these methylotrophic bacteria are Gram‐stain‐negative, aerobic, and asporogenous rods that are nonmotile or motile with 1–4 flagella, multiply by binary fission, and occur singly or rarely in pairs. Cells do not possess intracellular membranes or poly‐β‐hydroxybutyrate granules. Most members of the genus produce exopolysaccharide. No vitamins or other growth factors are required. No growth occurs on rich media with peptone and under CH 4 + O 2 or H 2 + CO 2 + O 2 in the gas phase. These methylotrophs are mesophilic and neutrophilic bacteria. Most strains are obligate methylotrophs; some strains, however, can also use fructose. All Methylobacillus species are able to utilize methanol via the ribulose monophosphate (RuMP) pathway of C 1 assimilation. Some of the Methylobacillus strains also possess the ability to grow on methylamine, which is directly oxidized to formaldehyde or utilized via the N ‐methylglutamate pathway. These bacteria possess an incomplete tricarboxylic acid cycle because they lack α‐ketoglutarate dehydrogenase. Glyoxylate shunt enzymes are absent. Ammonia, nitrate, and methylamine are used as the nitrogen sources. Ammonia is assimilated via glutamate dehydrogenase. Indole is produced from l ‐tryptophan on mineral medium with methanol and KNO 3 . The prevailing cellular fatty acids are straight‐chain saturated C 16:0 and unsaturated C 16:1 ω7 c acids. The known habitats are wastewater, activated sludge, soil, phyllosphere, and rhizosphere of various plants. DNA G + C content (mol%) : 50–61.5 ( T m and genome sequence). Type species : Methylobacillus glycogenes Yordy and Weaver 1977 AL .

Novel aerobic, restricted facultatively methylotrophic bacteria were isolated from buds of English oak (Quercus robur L.; strain DubT) and northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.; strain KrD). The isolates were Gram-negative, asporogenous, motile short rods that multiplied by binary fisson. They utilized methanol, methylamine and a few polycarbon compounds as carbon and energy sources. Optimal growth occurred at 25 °C and pH 7.5. The dominant phospholipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, diphosphatidylglycerol and phoshatidylglycerol. The major cellular fatty acids of cells were C18 : 1 ω7c, 11-methyl C18 : 1 ω7c and C16 : 0. The major ubiquinone was Q-10. Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the strains were closely related to the members of the genus Hansschlegelia: Hansschlegelia zhihuaiae S113T(97.5-98.0 %), Hansschlegelia plantiphila S1T (97.4-97.6 %) and Hansschlegelia beijingensis PG04T(97.0-97.2 %). The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between strains DubT and KrD was 99.7 %, and the DNA-DNA hybridization (DDH) result between the strains was 85 %. The ANI and the DDH values between strain DubT and H. zhihuaiae S113T were 80.1 and 21.5  %, respectively. Genome sequencing of the strain DubT revealed a genome size of 3.57 Mbp and a G+C content of 67.0 mol%. Based on the results of the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic analyses, it is proposed that the isolates be assigned to the genus Hansschlegelia as Hansschlegelia quercus sp. nov. with the type strain DubT (=VKM B-3284T=CCUG 73648T=JCM 33463T).

Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the type species of the genus Methylarcula, Methylarculamarina h1T was closely related to Paracoccus saliphilus DSM 18447T with high sequence similarity (97.8%). The genome of Methylarcula marina h1T was sequenced and its average nucleotide identity (ANI) and in silico DNA–DNA hybridization with Paracoccus type strains were 72.6–88.2% and 19.1–36.3%, respectively. Genome comparison showed significant similarity between the genes of methylo-trophy of Methylarcula marina h1T and Paracoccus saliphilus DSM 18447T. Genome analysis of M. marina strain h1T revealed the presence of the genes involved in oxidation of methanol, formaldehyde, and methylamine, as well as of the genes of the N-methylglutamate and icl− serine pathways, but not the genes of functional ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase. According to the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, and genome-encoded traits of Methylarcula marina h1T, it should be transferred to the genus Paracoccus as a novel species, for which the name Paracoccus methylarcula nom. nov. (type strain h1T = VKM B-2159T = CCUG 72982T) is proposed.

Novel aerobic facultatively methylotrophic bacteria were isolated from the water of a freshwater lake (strain F30LT), soil sample of rhizosphere of white clover Trifolium repens L. (strain 1TCT), and rhizosphere of carrot Daucus carota L. (strain Dau2). The isolates were gram-negative, non-spore-forming, nonmotile, pleomorphic/rod-shaped cells, propagating by binary fission; they were facultative methylotrophs, using a broad range of polycarbon compounds, apart from methanol. Optimum growth occurred at 25−29 °C and pH 7.0‒7.5, 0.5 vol % СН3OH, and 0.05 wt % NaCl. The strains employ the ribulose bisphosphate pathway for C1 assimilation. The predominant phospholipids were phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, and diphosphatidylglycerol. In the whole-cell fatty acid pattern of strains, C18:1 ω7c, C19: 0 ω8c cyclo, C16:0 and С18:0 acids were predominant. The major ubiquinone was Q-10. According to the 16S rRNA gene sequencing, strain F30LT exhibited high similarity to Ancylobacter dichloromethanicus DM16T (97.8%), while strains 1ТСT and Dau2 were closely related to A. oerskovii DSM 18746T (98.6%). The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between strains 1TCT and Dau2 was 99.4%. DNA–DNA hybridization of the strain F30LT with A. dichloromethanicus DM16T revealed only 22% homology; homology for strain 1ТСT and A. oerskovii DSM 18746T was 27%, while DNA‒DNA homology between strains 1TCT and Dau2 was 77%. Based on the data obtained, strain F30LT was identified as a new species within the genus Ancylobacter, Ancylobacter lacus sp. nov. (VKM В-3280Т = DSM 106439T). Strains 1ТСТ and Dau2 (=ВКМ В-3227 = CCUG71988) represent a novel species of the same genus, for which the name Ancylobacterplantiphilus sp. nov. is proposed, with the type strain 1ТСТ (=VKM В-3219Т = DSM 106438T).

A facultative methylotroph, strain 2AzMo (VKM Ac-2782), was isolated from the coastal zone of the Sea of Azov. The cells of the isolate are aerobic gram-positive nonmotile rods. Optimal growth occurs at 1% NaCl, 28°C, and pH 7.5 with 1% СH3OH or 0.3% methylamine as the carbon and energy sources. A broad spectrum of polycarbon substrates is also utilized. Sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene of the strain revealed its similarity to Rhodococcus species: 99.9% to R. wratislaviensis IEGM 1112T (=NCIMB 13082T), 99.4% to R. imtechensis IEGM 940T (=RKJ300T), and 99.2% to R. koreensis IEGM 962T (=DNP505T). The level of DNA–DNA homology of strain 2AzMo with R. wratislaviensis IEGM 1112T (=NCIMB 13082T) was 76%, supporting its identification as a strain of this species. However, unlike strain 2AzMo, the type strain R. wratislaviensis IEGM 1112T, as well as other members of this genus (R. imtechensis IEGM 940T, R. koreensis IEGM 962T, and R. opacus IEGM 716T), do not grow on methanol and methylamine. Methanol oxidation by R.wratislaviensis 2AzMo is catalyzed by alcohol dehydrogenase, which uses 4-nitroso-N,N-dimethylaniline as an artificial electron acceptor. Methylamine is oxidized by methylamine dehydrogenase and the enzymes of the N-methylglutamate pathway. Formaldehyde is then assimilated via the fructose bisphosphate aldolase variant of the ribulose monophosphate pathway of C1 metabolism. Ammonium is assimilated by α-ketoglutarate reductive amination and via the glutamate cycle.