This study addresses the prevalent issues of "coordination failure" and "cooperative inertia" in the collaborative education of mental health between universities and society. Utilizing evolutionary game theory, it systematically constructs and analyzes four models that combine government rewards and punishments. The findings indicate that while the traditional static reward and punishment mechanism offers basic incentives, its rigid design results in the system's path dependence on government subsidies, thereby hindering the development of sustainable endogenous motivation. In order to address this governance dilemma, this paper first put forward the idea of combining "performance-based grant-reputation incentive" linkage system, this mechanism has prompted the external incentives to the internal incentives transformation effect under the joint governance of short-term fiscal policy and long-term reputation asset through the dynamic adjustment of incentive coefficient and reputation incentive resources are put into use. Numerical simulation results show that the "dynamic reward - static punishment" hybrid model of the two has the best policy effect. In the initial stage of cooperative relationship, government funding helps to break the situation of cooperation cannot be broken; In the later stage of the cooperation, the pursuit of reputation capital has become the motive for cooperating in deeper. It can be learned from relevant studies that reasonably allocating more incentive resources to universities that take the initiative can significantly enhance the efficiency of the system evolving into the state of deep cooperation and open sharing. Both theoretical and empirical evidence confirms that the proposed dynamic linkage mechanism markedly outperforms the traditional static model in terms of policy adaptability, incentive sustainability, and institutional robustness. This finding not only enriches the understanding of the evolutionary dynamics of the psychological healthy education system but also provides a theoretical foundation and practical pathway for establishing an incentivized, compatible, and sustainable governance system for mental health education.

Purpose Based on the new stakeholder theory, this study aims to investigate the interplay of corporate social responsibility (CSR), green innovation and institutional support by revealing the mediating role of green product innovation and green process innovation, and the moderating role of institutional support. Design/methodology/approach A questionnaire was employed to collect data from 232 Chinese manufacturing firms. The proposed hypotheses were tested using regression analysis. Findings The results show that CSR not only directly enhances firm performance but also indirectly influences it through green innovation, encompassing green product and green process innovation. Moreover, institutional support plays a crucial moderating role in the relationship between green process innovation and firm performance. Originality/value This study contributes to the existing literature on the new stakeholder theory and green innovation by elucidating the direct and indirect influence of CSR on firm performance, the mediating role of green innovation, and the moderating role of institutional support. It provides valuable insights for academia and manufacturing firms seeking to leverage CSR, green innovation and institutional support in driving sustainable business success.

Multi-attribute group decision-making (MAGDM) refers to a series of decision-making problems that rank all possible alternatives based on decision makers’ cognition and evaluations over alternatives from multiple attributes. Hence, the precondition of MAGDM is felicitously describing decision makers’ fuzzy and uncertain cognitive information in complicated decision-making issues. The recently proposed linguistic q-rung orthopair fuzzy set (Lq-ROFS), which uses two linguistic terms to denote membership and non-membership degrees, has been proved to be an effective and promising tool to depict decision makers’ complex cognition in real MAGDM problems. Considering the drawbacks of existing Lq-ROFS-based decision-making methods, this paper focuses on MAGDM approaches where decision makers’ cognitive information is denoted by Lq-ROFSs. The main contribution of this paper is to propose a novel MAGDM method based on Lq-ROFSs. This paper introduces a new MAGDM method under Lq-ROFSs. In order to do this, this study first puts forward some new operational rules for linguistic q-rung orthopair fuzzy numbers (Lq-ROFNs) based on Archimedean copula. These new operational rules are more flexible than existing ones and some other operations can be derived by using different generators. Second, to effectively aggregate Lq-ROFNs, the extended power average operator is applied in linguistic q-rung orthopair fuzzy environment and based on the new operational rules, some novel aggregation operators are generated. Afterward, the developed aggregation operators are used in decision-making problems and a novel MAGDM method which concentrates on linguistic q-rung orthopair fuzzy decision environment is introduced. Specific steps of the new method are illustrated in detail and it is then applied in some illustrative examples to verify its effectiveness. Our proposed method is effective for handling MAGDM problems under Lq-ROFSs. Numerical examples have shown the effectiveness in handling realistic MAGDM problems. In addition, comparison with some existing methods illustrates the advantages and superiorities of our method. This paper introduces a new MAGDM method under Lq-ROFSs. This method is based on Archimedean copula, extended power average operator, and Lq-ROFSs, and is powerful and flexible to cope with MAGDM problems in reality.

The innovation behavior of family firms has long been a focal point in both academic research and practical applications. Based on the socioemotional wealth theory, this study aims to empirically analyze the differences in exploratory innovation between family and non-family firms while exploring how internal and external environmental factors, namely overperformance duration and industrial competition, moderate this relationship. We conducted an empirical analysis using data from manufacturing firms listed on China's A-share market from 2009 to 2018. The results indicate that family firms exhibited a lower propensity for exploratory innovation compared to that of non-family firms. Furthermore, the negative relationship between family firms and exploratory innovation was more pronounced in relaxed internal environments characterized by overperformance duration, while this negative relationship was alleviated in urgent external environments marked by intense industrial competition. This study contributes a fresh perspective to the literature on family firm innovation and provides valuable insights for policymakers and family firm managers seeking to enhance innovation competitiveness.

Digital platform ecosystems confront critical management challenges as they overcome path dependence amid rapid technological change. This study explores cross-category innovation as a key strategic action, using a longitudinal case study of ByteDance to analyze how digital technology drives ecosystem evolution, and constructs a “technology-driven–strategic action–ecosystem evolution” framework to examine the interplay between technological capabilities and strategic actions. Findings identify two stages: in the category emergence stage, platforms establish a core business ecosystem via identity, legitimacy, and differentiation strategies, leveraging technologies like algorithmic recommendation to shape user cognition and market legitimacy. In the category spanning stage, platforms leverage platform envelopment, open innovation, and status strategies to expand cross-category ecosystems, enabling technological spillover and integrated innovation across new domains. The findings reveal a co-evolution mechanism of cross-category innovation strategy and ecosystems, where the cross-category innovation strategy serves as both a driving force for ecosystem evolution and acquires new strategic opportunities. This study offers insights for building sustainable ecosystems that transcend industry boundaries and enhance resilience.

Both managers and researchers closely examine the factors that motivate firms to explore new domains and acquire new knowledge in pursuit of greater innovation. Considering the role of demand-side factors in innovation, in this study, we investigate how customer concentration influences exploratory innovation based on Chinese listed firms from 2009 to 2019. As the characteristics of the top management team (TMT) may affect the influential mechanism, we further investigated the moderating effects of board interlocks and the CEO's research background. Our results demonstrate that with the increase in customer concentration, the exploratory innovation level shows an inverted U-shaped trend. The board interlocks strengthen the positive effects of customer concentration on exploratory innovation, while a CEO's research background mitigates the negative effects. Our findings offer key insights and serve as a benchmark for companies that aim to achieve innovation in their approach to managing customer relationships and organizing their top management teams.

Live-streaming commerce has gained significant traction in recent years as an additional channel employed by online retailers to engage consumers in real-time interactions. However, it is essential to highlight the growing prevalence of limited sales as a popular marketing strategy within these live-streaming channels, resulting in an inability to fulfill all consumer demands. Surprisingly, this phenomenon has gone largely unnoticed in previous literature. This paper aims to bridge this gap by delving into the impact of product shortages within the realm of live-streaming commerce. To accomplish this objective, we introduce a stylized model that captures the strategic interactions between online retailers and consumers within live-streaming channels featuring rationed product availability. Our findings reveal that the online retailer’s profit exhibits a unimodal trend concerning the quantity of products offered in the live-streaming channel when the product value falls within a non-extreme range. In simpler terms, deliberately limiting product availability in live-streaming commerce can lead to significantly higher profits, incentivizing retailers to implement rationing strategies. Moreover, contrary to conventional expectations that consumers anticipate a greater supply of products than the retailer intends to provide, we uncover that consumers expect a lower quantity when the potential product value is relatively small. Finally, our research highlights that while live-streaming channels attract consumers with high patience, encouraging their engagement, impatient consumers who favor traditional online channels may face long-term adverse effects due to the retailer’s strategic pricing response. We validate the robustness of our main findings by exploring various extensions, such as the influence of strategic waiting behavior, advertising effects and enhanced perceived product value.

Cross-category innovation in digital platform ecosystems is increasingly pivotal for competitive reconfiguration, and the value it generates for users primarily stems from the benefits of network effects. By extending the spatial competition framework of the Hotelling model through a four-stage sequential game comprising category competition, we formalize the strategic mechanism for expanding network effects governing benchmark competition and category dynamics. The cross-category innovation strategy proposed in this paper offers valuable insights in three key areas: investment in core technological advantages, reconstruction of user cognitive boundaries, and strengthening ecological dependency within the ecosystem. By transcending the limitations in the explanatory power of traditional management theories for cross-organizational boundary issues, this study integrates digital contexts into its analytical framework, thus providing a novel perspective for understanding the dynamic processes of cross-category innovation in digital platform ecosystems.

We investigate an important platform-based technological innovation-equity crowdfunding syndicates-where crowd investors (co-investors) use online platforms to co-invest with lead investors in the form of syndicates into innovative startups. We concentrate on lead investors and what drives their success in drawing crowd investors to co-fund innovative startups. Based on conceptualizing internal and external social capital, we investigate the effects of lead investors' social capital developed inside and outside the crowdfunding platform on their fundraising success. Using data from a sample of 178 individual lead investors on AngelList, we find that internal social capital is, as predicted, positively associated with lead investors' fundraising success. Surprisingly, the joint use of internal and external social capital will harm lead investors' fundraising success. This paper contributes to the debate on the role of social capital in crowdfunding and innovation management more generally by unveiling its competing effects and complex nuances as part of a crowdfunding investment strategy.

Prior research lacks understanding about how collaborative arrangements and network structures influence innovation outcomes in platform-based ecosystems. This paper addresses this gap by using an NK simulation model to investigate the impacts of different collaboration patterns and network structures on innovation per-formance. The NK simulation approach overcomes the shortcomings of empirical methods and enables exam-ining the dynamic impacts. The results reveal that the "special platform + generic complementor" pattern leads to the highest innovation output. The impact of component correlations on the innovation performance follows an inverted U-shape. The small world network structure promotes innovation versus regular or random networks. The results provide novel theoretical insights into strategically configuring platform partnerships and network connections to optimize innovation. The findings offer practical guidance for firms to choose beneficial collab-oration pattern and design proper network structure.

Purpose This study was aimed at obtaining a micro understanding of corporate social responsibility (CSR) by investigating the effect of perceived CSR on job performance. Especially, an attempt is made to explore the mediating role of perceived organizational support and the moderating role of collectivism on the relationship between perceived CSR and job performance. Design/methodology/approach This study collected questionnaire data from 219 employees of Chinese manufacturing firms, then used hierarchical multiple regression analysis to test our theoretical model. Findings Our empirical results demonstrate that perceived internal and perceived external CSR are positively associated with job performance. In addition, perceived organizational support mediates the relationship between perceived CSR and job performance, and collectivism positively moderates the relationship between perceived external CSR and perceived organizational support. Practical implications This study highlights the importance of adopting various strategies to conduct CSR practices, enhancing perceived organizational support and leveraging employee collectivism, which would be beneficial to improve job performance. Originality/value This study reveals employees’ underlying attitudes and behaviors responses to perceived CSR, thereby deepening the micro understanding of CSR. In addition, it extends the literature on social exchange theory by dividing perceived CSR into perceived internal and perceived external CSR and exploring their separate effects on job performance. Moreover, the study reveals the mediating role of perceived organizational support and the moderating role of collectivism, enriching the knowledge based on social exchange theory.

China started implementing a public transport priority policy in 2004 to encourage people to use public transit, especially buses, and reduce reliance on private cars. This paper used 334 questionnaire survey data from Changzhou City, China, and explored the moderating role of bus satisfaction based on the examination of the antecedents and consequences of affective motivation for private cars through two studies. Study 1 explored the antecedents of affective motivation for private cars and the moderating effect of bus satisfaction. The empirical results revealed that instrumental motivation is the most relevant predictor of affective motivation favoring private cars, followed by symbolic motivation. The moderating effect of bus satisfaction on the relationship between symbolic motivation and affective motivation was significantly negative. Study 2 explored the consequences of affective motivation for private cars and the moderating effect of bus satisfaction. Empirical results indicate that decisions regarding private car ownership and use are significantly negatively influenced by bus satisfaction. Bus satisfaction has a significantly positive moderating effect on the relationship between affective motivation and private car ownership and use. The marginal effect of bus satisfaction on the probability of simultaneously owning and using private cars is significantly negative, and it strengthens the influence of affective motivation in promoting both ownership and use of private cars. These results demonstrate that for individuals with experience using both buses and private cars, the public transport priority policy focused on improving bus service quality can effectively reduce private car ownership and use. These results can serve as evidence to support policymakers in continuing to enhance the public transport priority policy.

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Business model innovation faces multiple tests of legitimacy. Most extant research in this area has been conducted from institutional and strategic perspectives while paying insufficient attention to the perspective of evaluators. Based on the institutionalization of China's online car-hailing industry from 2012 to 2018, this paper analyzes the legitimacy judgment of the stakeholders from the perspective of evaluator categorization and explores the legitimation mechanism of business model innovation. It finds that evaluators judge the legitimacy of business models based on category cognition. Therefore, to achieve the bridging, spillover, and accumulation effects of legitimacy, the legitimation strategy of online car-hailing platforms should dynamically adapt to different evaluators, judgment models, and categorization standards. Ultimately, as quantitative changes lead to qualitative changes, the legitimation of innovative business models is achieved in this way. In this process, stakeholders categorize and evaluate online car-hailing based on prototypes and value goals, and establish a two-way interactive mechanism, which is from behavior guided by cognition to cognition given feedback by behavior. This paper combines the legitimacy judgment with category theory to explain how individual cognition drives the emergence of new categories and identifies a series of legitimacy strategies based on categorization, thus providing theoretical support and practical inspiration for exploring the legitimation of business model innovation.

This study examines the impacts of urbanization, industrial growth, and carbon emissions on Angola's economic growth by employing annual time series data from 1991 to 2020. This intends to strengthen Angola's economic policies using the Autoregressive Distributive Lag (ARDL) bounds test approach, Johansen cointegration, and vector error correction model (VECM). The results show that: (1) Economic development will be realized at the expense of environmental protection; (2) carbon emissions and industrial growth reinforce the country's economic growth in the short and long runs, while urbanization has no vital influence on economic growth; and (3) a bidirectional causality between economic growth and carbon emissions and a unidirectional causality relationship ranging from urbanization and economic growth to industry value-added. Our findings encourage the country's leaders to consider urbanization and industrial growth while reducing carbon emissions. The country's priorities should be skills training, developing clean technologies, gradually increasing renewable energy share in the mix of energy, and encouraging industries to turn to clean energy.

The influence of the digital revolution on the labor market is undeniably profound. While much of the existing research has concentrated on the role of digitalization in boosting employment rates, its impact on the long-term sustainability of employment remains largely unexplored. In the context of prevailing uncertainties, the imperative to bolster employment resilience through digitalization becomes increasingly apparent. This study aims to bridge the existing gap by introducing an innovative analytical framework that integrates digitalization, enterprise resilience (ER), and sustainable employment (SE). Focusing on publicly listed companies within China’s manufacturing sector, the research employs fixed effects models and mediation analysis to intricately explore the interactions among these variables. The investigation yields several pivotal insights: (1) digitalization has a significantly positive impact on sustainable employment; (2) enterprise resilience acts as a positive mediator in the relationship between digitalization and sustainable employment; (3) through heterogeneity analysis, it is demonstrated that digitalization plays a more pronounced role in bolstering employment stability in non-high-tech industries and companies exhibiting superior financial health in the eastern region. These findings offer critical perspectives for informing government policy and devising corporate strategies that capitalize on digitalization and enhance enterprise resilience, thereby promoting more sustainable employment trajectories.

The scale of non-performing loans (NPLs) directly affects the credit risk of commercial banks, and a large range of loan defaults will also lead to the liquidity crisis. Furthermore, liquidity risk will transmit to other banks through the interbank network. A reasonable disposal mode of NPLs is not only of great significance to commercial banks themselves, but is also related to the liquidity risk of the whole banking system. This paper fully considers the characteristics of China's banking system and constructs a dynamic bank-centered multi-agent model (DBMM) to explore how the disposal of non-performing loans (NPLs) affects interbank liquidity risk based on the interbank cash flow network. The results indicate that the increase in the number of small and medium-sized commercial banks improve the whole banking system stability, however, the increase in NPLs from low-income debtors increases the liquidity risk. The disposal of NPLs plays an important role in maintaining the stability of interbank networks, and the stock-plus-loan mode can more effectively alleviate liquidity risk in China than the entrusted settlement mode. Liquidation repayment ratio of commercial banks has the most significant effect on the interbank network in China, and adjusting this proportion is an effective method to prevent liquidity risk. Moreover, compared with small commercial banks, large commercial banks have a stronger ability to resist liquidity risk, as they are established with capital injection by the government in China.

Accompanied by the rapid development of emerging information technology, the digital culture and creation industry is constantly changing and growing, which gradually attracts widespread attention from all works of life.In particular, in order to promote the rapid improvement of their competitive advantages, the focal firms, through the core of the value proposition around high-quality Intellectual Property（IP）, build a value proposition（VP） as the core of the interdependent and mutually beneficial IP ecosystem, which has become a popular topic of industrial practice. However, the existing literature still lacks in-depth thinking and attention to the emergence process of this ecosystem. Thus, a deeper exploration of the inherent mechanism of the IP ecosystem emergence has critical implications for theory and practice for understanding this emerging management phenomenon.This paper systematically reviews the extant studies on ecosystem formation and emergence, defines the concept of IP ecosystem, and then discusses the importance and necessity of introducing the perspective of legitimacy spillover based on the research vein of legitimacy spillover. On this basis, it outlines the emergence mechanism of the IP ecosystem from the legitimacy spillover view at the theoretical level. Furthermore, this research selects the case of the ecosystem around League of Legends. It then deeply examines in phases the strategic actions implemented by the focal firm in the face of legitimacy spillover with different types and directions and the accompanying evolution of the ecosystem VP from the emergence to clarity, and then to guidance and integration, rigorously following the procedures of single longitudinal case study and the structured data analysis.The result demonstrates that, along with the gradual access of upstream and downstream participants during the process of emergence, the focal firm can implement the four types of managing strategies, i.e., the hub and the isolation, the utilization, and the block, in response to the legitimacy spillover with different types and directions. It can facilitate the positive spillover effects and inhibit the adverse spillover effects among the participants. On this basis, the positive interaction of legitimacy between the focal firm and participants promotes common recognition of the VP among all participants,contributing to the evolution of the VP of IP ecosystems from the emergence of clarity. On the other hand, it also facilitates the evolution from the alignment of value actions to the access of value actors in the IP ecosystem by promoting strategic actions around the VP across participants. Through the above mechanism of action, all participants in the ecosystem can raise the collective understanding and recognition of the VP rapidly, thus continuously promoting the commercialization process of the VP, and eventually, the IP ecosystem gradually emerges.Finally, this paper presents the process model of IP ecosystem emergence from the view of legitimacy spillover to provide evidence that legitimacy spillover is a specific influencing factor that induces ecosystem emergence. Moreover, it also strengthens the knowledge of the centrality of VP in the ecosystem by examining the inherent relationship between legitimacy spillover and the VP’s formation, guidance, and integration. Furthermore, this paper extends the theory of legitimacy spillover in the network context by incorporating the coupling relationship into the research framework. In addition, this paper suggests that the focal firms should pay full attention to the legitimacy spillover and thus variably adjust the coupling relationship with other participants. More importantly, the focal firms need to cooperate closely with upstream IP suppliers to control the continuous output and innovation of quality content to overcome the Liability of Newness and promote the formation and emergence of a sustainable IP ecosystem.

PurposeThis paper is about equity crowdfunding syndicates as a form of entrepreneurial finance and looks specifically at the lead investors' human capital and their ability to raise funds.Design/methodology/approachThe authors develop regressions on a unique hand-collected dataset of 178 lead investors taken from the US-based platform AngelList.FindingsResults indicate that lead investors' specialized human capital has a positive effect on their syndicate fundraising performance. However, it does not find a significant effect of general human capital. It also finds that specialized human capital is mediated by the reputation of the lead investor on the platform.Research limitations/implicationsThis study extends human capital theory in the crowdfunding context by providing a more comprehensive portrait of human capital and in doing so, shifts the focus from an entrepreneur to an investor perspective, an approach much neglected in the crowdfunding literature.Originality/valueThis study advances the current knowledge on crowdfunding as it is one of the first to understand syndicate investment as an innovative and alternative platform-based financial channel. It also contributes to the current debate on the role of human capital in crowdfunding and more generally to entrepreneurial finance.