The policy mix optimization of new energy vehicles is an important topic for promoting sustainable transition and achieving meaningful innovation development in the new era. Based on the development dilemma of new energy vehicles in China and the systematic requirements of high-quality development， exploring effective policy mix can promote meaningful innovation， which is of great significance for promoting sustainable economic and social transformation. However， most of the existing studies focus on the analysis of the impact of the new energy vehicle policy or the evaluation of the effect of a certain policy instrument. Few literatures have evaluated the new energy vehicle policy from the perspective of policy design， nor have they investigated the internal structural consistency， advantages and disadvantages of various policy elements in the process of policy practice. It is difficult to meet the internal needs of the development of the new energy vehicle industry and realize the external meanings of sustainable transition. Therefore， from the perspective of meaningful innovation， and based on the ‘situation concern’ and the integration of instrumental rationality and value rationality under the framework of policy mix， this paper uses 256 new energy vehicle policies issued by China’s central and local governments， extracts keywords through content analysis and text mining methods， builds an evaluation index system and PMC-index model for new energy vehicle policy mix oriented to meaningful innovation， and conducts quantitative evaluation toward 6 policies at the central level and 13 policies at the regional level. The study finds that the concept of policy mix runs through different stages of policy design， each stage has realized the combination of policy objectives， policy instruments， policy subjects， policy objects， policy fields and other dimensions， and the result of PMC-index shows a phased growth trend; as the industry moves from cultivation to maturity， more medium and long-term measures and richer safeguard measures appear in the policy schemes， and the policy object focuses more on the market-oriented ones; the special policies at the pilot area level have realized the combined use of four policy instruments: R＆D and production， purchase， use and infrastructure construction. The dimensions of policy tendency， policy field， policy object and safeguard measures perform well， but there is still some room for optimization of the balance between the implementation of special tasks and the setting of policy objectives. This paper aims to provide reference for optimizing new energy vehicle policy design， and promoting sustainable transition and meaningful innovation. The significance of this study is as follows. First， PMC-index model provides a new way for the identification and quantitative evaluation of policy mix， but it needs to be comprehensively judged and analyzed in combination with specific policy context. Second， a well-structured policy mix needs to achieve the consistency of each dimension， and at the same time， the rationality of selecting a specific policy element or a specific mode of mix in a specific situation cannot be ignored. Third， as the theoretical product of the integration of instrumental rationality and value rationality of public policy， policy mix emphasizes the realization of established policy objectives by effective means through the identification of policy issues and the selection of policy instruments. It also emphasizes the integration of dynamic policy situations into the interaction of policy objectives， instruments， subjects and objects， processes and other policy elements. Its significance is manifested in the ‘situational concern’ of trying to restore the ‘real’ policy mix， providing more practical and effective policy design tactics to promote the organic integration of the internal demand for the development of the new energy vehicle industry and the external meanings of sustainable transition.
以2006年《国家中长期科学技术发展规划纲要(2006-2020)》这一科技政策的实施为准自然实验,基于2003-2016年我国A股上市公司面板数据,采用倾向得分匹配和双重差分法评估了政策的实施效果.结果发现:(1)科技政策的实施提高了上市公司自主创新水平,体现在上市公司新颖专利申请量的增加,经过模型有效性检验和一系列稳健性检验后该结论仍然成立;(2)机制检验发现,科技政策通过增加政府科技支出提升了企业自主创新水平,主要体现于企业新颖实用新型专利申请量的增加;知识产权保护水平越高的地区,科技政策的激励作用越强;(3)进一步研究发现,科技政策对原有创新企业激励作用高于新增创新企业,体现在原有创新企业自主创新水平的提高以及创新持续时间的增长.
推动党建优势转换为企业发展优势是私营企业党建工作持久开展的重要保证.在理论上阐释家族企业存在合法性与社会情感财富两种行动逻辑的基础上,利用2010-2018年"中国私营企业调查"数据,考察了设立党组织对家族企业经营活动的影响.结果发现,党组织对家族企业获取信贷资源和扩大投资均有激励作用.特别在党建工作力度大的时期,党组织的正向作用更加明显.进一步分析发现,信贷资源获取是党组织促使家族企业扩大投资的作用机制.在理论层面,该研究在拓展政治联系概念分析维度的基础上,从政治联系视角提供了党组织促进企业经营活动的新解释,并且完善了新制度主义对于组织正式结构运作逻辑的解释.在实践层面,应注意到党组织是提升家族企业生产力的有效治理机制,因而可以通过提高党建工作质量来构建政企协商机制,从而深化执政党与家族企业的互惠互信关系,最终取得巩固党的执政基础和促进企业可持续发展的双重效果.
居家创新(household sector innovation)作为家庭情境下,创新者利用闲暇时间和免费劳动,以私人成本开发功能新颖的新产品、新流程和新服务的过程,具有关爱和意义驱动、螺旋上升的自我奖赏、非盈利下的免费分享等特征.通过探索居家创新概念的缘起和在中国情境下的演化发展,本研究力图厘清其理论内涵及与用户创新理论、公民创新理论、人民创新理论、公共创新理论、朴素式创新理论等其他创新理论的异同.研究发现:(1)居家创新具有关爱和意义驱动、螺旋上升的自我奖赏、非盈利下的免费分享等特征.(2)创新者的工作资源、收入水平、性别、受教育程度、驱动力和数字技术等因素会影响居家创新的绩效水平.(3)居家创新的测量目前还处于空白状态,进一步研究居家创新的测量方法和程序,对后熊彼特时代的创新行为发现和科学统计有重要意义.(4)随着零工经济和微工作的崛起,赋予了居家创新范式蓬勃发展新的生命力.(5)居家创新是"以人民为中心"的重要创新范式.
Scientific and technological talent is the initial innovation element in the national innovation system.It is the primary driving force of the innovation-driven development strategy and a key factor in promoting economic and social development in science and technology.For a long time,there have been numerous shortcomings in the evaluation of scientific and technological talent in China,and the guiding role of evaluation as a"baton"has not been properly utilized,which impacts the innovative vitality of scientific and technological talent and the development of scientific and technological innovation in China.Since the 18th National Congress,government departments in China that are related to this matter have issued a series of policy documents to facilitate thorough reform for the evaluation of scientific and tech-nological talent,which has helped alleviate the issue.However,this kind of evaluation serves as a complex policy and management tool that involves all aspects of the scientific and technological system.There are still challenges to handle regarding the implementation of important instructions and requirements of the Party and the State,as well as how to scientifically and rationally carry out scientific and technological talent evaluation.Based on the dimensions of internal performance management and external talent selection,this article analyzes the problems and challenges of evaluating two different types of scientific and technological talent and proposes targeted policy recommendations based on national requirements for the reform of scientific and technological talent evaluation. This article includes a review of the relevant literature,policy analysis,case study,and comparative analysis.Based on the systematic combing and analysis of academic research related to scientific and technological talent evaluation and the development and evolution of its policy,this article considers scientific and technological talent evaluation from the point of view of"talent utilization".In viewing it as such,it is evident that the evaluation of scientific and technological talents is a management activity that is found throughout the whole process of scientific and technological talent cultivation and in-volves the interests of scientific and technological talent cultivation itself.Furthermore,it is carried out by various evalua-tion subjects based on specific concepts,objectives,or functions,using standard principles,procedures,and criteria to iden-tify and evaluate the output,performance,innovation ability,and development potential of scientific and technological tal-ents in various work positions.As a result,according to the dimension of the evaluating body,scientific and technological talent evaluation can be divided into two categories:one that is based on internal performance management and another that is based on external talent selection.The problems and challenges faced by the two different types of scientific and techno-logical talent evaluation are presented from the dimensions of the macro scientific and technological management depart-ment,meso-level scientific community,and micro individual scientific and technological talents.For example,the problems and challenges faced by the performance management style of scientific and technological talent evaluation include exces-sive administrative intervention by management departments,insufficient involvement of the scientific community,imper-fect system construction,and evaluation occurring at an overly high frequency,which interferes with the scientific research of talent in their respective fields.The issues present in the talent selection style of scientific and technological talent evalua-tion include the convergence of evaluation purposes,which leads to a deviation of value orientation,an overly tight connec-tion between the evaluation of talents and related interests,and insufficient supervision.Another issue tied to this talent selection style is that individual scientific and technological talents are too focused on pursuing various titles. Based on the tenure-track evaluation system of American colleges and universities in addition to the REF evaluation of British colleges and universities,this article offers policy recommendations for improving the reform and development of these two types of scientific and technological talent evaluation,including the need to reduce the specific intervention of government departments in the process of scientific and technological talent evaluation and allow the pluralistic main body of scientific and technological talent evaluation to be fully utilized.It is also necessary to establish a large-scale out-put-oriented evaluation system for scientific and technological talent,strengthen the conceptual guidance of scientific cul-ture,and create a favorable environment for scientific research,etc.
Talent is the key of the great game and scientific and technological innovation.An important way to select and cultivate basic research talents is the funding of talent-specific science fund programs.Developed countries have set up a variety of funding programs for scientific and technological talents at different stages of academic career development.Similarly,the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)has also set up a series of funding programs for tal-ents,among which,the young scholars,the outstanding youth foundation and the national science fund for distinguished young scholars have been particularly concerned by all sectors of the society due to their wide coverage and great influence.Thus,the evaluation indexes of the three youth foundation in their project selection,process management,and inspection conclusion have a guiding role in the evaluation of basic research talents.Therefore,it is of practical significance to carry out the performance evaluation of basic research talent programs with the three youth foundationprojectsas typical cases. The funding situation of these three types of projects in terms of the number of grants,funding amount,and distribu-tion of academic departments from 2012 to 2021 have been sorted out and analyzed.In terms of performance evaluation in-dex design,firstly,according to the management and funding characteristics of the NSFC,combined with the logic model,on the basis of the performance evaluation index system of project expenditures stipulated by the Ministry of Finance,the indexes are given the connotation of basic research,and the evaluation points are re-designed to form the common index system composed of four first-level indexes,namely,decision,process,output,and effectiveness.Secondly,in view of the triple attributes of basic research,scientific research projects and scientific and technological talent cultivation,as well as the funding orientation and objectives of each of the three youth foundationprojects,the KPI method is used to set up indi-vidual indicators for each project type in the effectiveness indicators.Finally,the Delphi method is used to determine the weights of the indicators at each level. An empirical analysis was conducted in the 2020performance evaluation of NSFC.The performance evaluation was mainly carried out by quantitative data statistical analysis,questionnaire survey of applicants and review experts,inter-views and talks with young scholars,typical case analysis,project sampling evaluation and overall expert evaluation.The final performance evaluation scores of theyoung scholars,the outstanding youth foundation and the national science fund for distinguished young scholars are 90.82,91.31 and 91.58,respectively,all of which are rated as"excellent"level.From the practical point of view,the performance evaluation indexes and evaluation methods ofthe three youth foundation proj-ects are operable,capable of supporting the collection and acquisition of evidence of key performance indicators,balanc-ing the unity and differences of the three projects,and fullyreflecting the organizational and implementation effects of the three projects.The results of the performance evaluation reflect that the three youth foundation projects have promoted the rationalization of the structure of Chinese young scientifictalent team,cultivated a number of backboneoutstanding aca-demic scholarsand leaders,promoted the development of disciplines and original innovation in basic research,and en-hanced the influence of Chinese scientists in the international academic field.The evaluation also found the problems of the three youth foundation projects,including the continuous decline of the funding rate of the young scholars,and the project orientation of the outstanding youth foundation needs to be further clarified and optimized,etc.Based on the con-clusions of the performance evaluation,policy suggestion are proposed in order to enhance the effectiveness of Chinese ba-sic research talents program funding,including further improving the evaluation system of scientific and technological tal-ents oriented by innovation ability,quality,contribution and performance,strengthening the funding strength and scale of basic research talents program,optimizing the layout of funding,and avoiding the misuse of the talents program,etc.
The 20th National Congress Report identifies'achieving high-quality development'as one of the essential re-quirements for China's modernization.It explicitly states that'high-quality development is the primary task of comprehen-sively constructing a socialist modernized country'.As a key link in achieving high-quality development,it is imperative to promote the green and low-carbon development of the economy and society.National policies continue to tilt towards green innovation,and industrial enterprises urgently need to use green innovation policies to break through the efficiency dilemma to realize the continuous optimization of the innovation ecosystem.It is not clear how to better promote the implementation of green innovation policies to do a good job of coordination between government and enterprises,and to guide enterprises to follow their own development route while responding to national policies.In order to discuss this issue,the research will start from the perspective of policy empowerment,take green innovation as the keynote,and explore the construction pro-cess of modem enterprise innovation ecosystem.Based on the existing research basis of green innovation and innovation ecosystem,BYD Automobile was selected as the case study object,and the exploratory single case study method was adopt-ed to track the construction mechanism of enterprise innovation ecosystem enabled by green innovation policies.Based on the theory of research ideas,through the collection of annual reports,financial data,corporate news and other related infor-mation and in accordance with the chronological order,refining important events to divide case enterprise innovation ecosys-tem in different stages,and extracted from the data 41 initial concept,nine categories and three main category,the theoretical saturation test,finally summarizes the green innovation policy can innovation the ecosystem construction process,and on this basis of case analysis. The research has found that the construction process of the innovation ecosystem empowered by green innovation poli-cies exhibits dynamic evolutionary characteristics.Combining the case analysis of BYD Auto,the process of empowering in-novation ecosystem construction through policies can be divided into three levels:support,leadership,and driving.These levels correspond to supportive policies for technology-product development,market demand leadership,and driving poli-cies for information sharing and resource exchange within and outside the system.BYD has been able to achieve perfor-mance growth and drive the overall development of various components within the innovation ecosystem under the support of green innovation policies,mainly due to the synergistic coordination between its ecosystem construction and policies.At the practical level,targeted countermeasures and suggestions are proposed from three perspectives:firstly,the government should enhance supportive policies or limit traditional consumption to support and protect green innovation enterprises,le-verage macroeconomic tools,grasp influencing scales,and solve practical problems indirectly.Secondly,for the new energy vehicle industry,it should cooperate with the government to timely adjust market access thresholds in response to policy changes,improve product quality,accelerate development pace,open up revenue space,and transition from vertical integra-tion to open sharing models.Lastly,internally,coordination should be established among upstream,middle,and downstream connections to maintain technological and product leadership continuously.It is crucial to extend product markets while fos-tering healthy competition within the market for mutually beneficial outcomes with industry peers.Externally,active re-sponses to national policies should be made while leveraging policy-driven integration of industry resources to foster a healthy development of government-enterprise relationships.
Currently,the new generation of digital technology represented by artificial intelligence and big data is driving a new round of scientific and technological revolution,which not only directly promotes the development of new economies and new business formats,but also integrates with other industrial technologies to promote the improvement of total factor productivity from multiple angles.On March 12,2021,the"14th Five-Year Plan"and the outline of long-term goals for 2035 were released,clearly proposing to"create new advantages in the digital economy".By 2035,the core in-dustries of the digital economy will account for 10％of GDP.It is foreseeable that investment in the development of digi-tal economy-related technology industries in various regions will be further strengthened in the future in China.Therefore,how to further improve total factor productivity with the help of digital technology innovation is a key question that needs to be answered in the new development stage.This article continues the theoretical framework of productivity growth in the literature and conducts an empirical analysis of how digital technology affects economic growth quality. This article selects 29 mainland provinces and regions except Hong Kong,Macau,Taiwan,Tibet,and Hainan as the re-search objects,and uses the Non-Parametric Malmquist Index method to measure the core explained variable,the regional total factor productivity change index(TFP),Technological Progress Change Index(TECH)and Technical Efficiency Change Index(EFF)for estimation;use patent application data and technology classification information in patent docu-ments to conduct digital technology innovation(InDTS),digital technology integration innovation(InITS),as well as the measurement of the development level of general technological innovation(InGTS)at the"province and city-year"level,explore the impact of the three types of innovation on total factor productivity,and use the threshold panel model to further explore the impact of integrated innovation,digital technology innovation and general category innovation on the overall regional The interaction of factor productivity and the heterogeneity analysis of enterprise and university innovation. The results of the empirical analysis include the following three aspects:Firstly,between 2004 and 2018,the produc-tivity effect of general technological innovation was significant from 2004 to 2012,and then gradually weakened,and even had a suppressive effect.Secondly,when digital technology innovation(InDTS)is less than 8.97,the impact of the convergence innovation index(InIDS)on productivity is not significant;when digital technology innovation reaches above the critical point,the convergence innovation index begins to have a significant impact:productivity-enhancing ef-fect.Finally,the productivity effect of integrated innovation is weak,and the integrated innovation of university research institutes shows a significant improvement effect in areas with higher initial productivity levels. Therefore,when formulates digital technology innovation policies in the future,it should further increase investment in digital technology innovation and strengthen the integration and innovation of digital technology and other technologies in advantageous areas;scientifically understand the role conditions of digital technology in improving regional economic growth,and pay attention to the digital construction process regional differences,implement differentiated policy formula-tion based on the characteristics of regional economic development stages;continue to optimize the resource allocation ca-pabilities of the innovation system,formulate digital transformation plans and roadmaps,and clarify the boundaries of en-terprise technological innovation,university and scientific research institute knowledge innovation,and government sys-tem innovation division of labor and positioning,optimizing the corresponding organizational model and institutional sup-port,and opening up collaborative innovation channels for the integration of government,industry,academia,and research.
With technology blockade and innovation-driven development,China must achieve self-reliance and self-improvement in the field of high technology.As a leading factor,the decision-making logic of scientific and techno-logical development influences the innovation ecosystem's subsequent innovation actions in the process of self-reliance and self-improvement of science and technology.According to some studies,decision-making logic is divided into causal logic and effect logic,with causal logic emphasizing the goal first and requiring actors to carry out technological innova-tion around specific goals.In contrast,effect logic emphasizes that actors use existing resources to achieve the best innova-tion effect.Weak technical strength makes it difficult to effectively implement the causal logic in the process of self-reliance and self-improvement in the high-tech field,and if the effect logic is emphasized,it is possible to introduce the high-tech field's development track into the western countries'preset technical route.As a result,the contradiction between decision-making logic and development goals of self-reliance and self-improvement in science and technology constitutes the paradox of action in the high-tech innovation ecosystem,and understanding how to achieve self-reliance and self-improvement in the high-tech field requires investigating the interaction between decision-making logic and the innovation ecosystem. China's mobile communication innovation ecosystem is a typical example of self-reliance and self-improvement of science and technology,so this study takes this case as the starting point to focus on the collaborative evolution mecha-nism of scientific and technological self-reliance and self-improvement decision-making logic and innovation ecosystem and explores the development process of China's mobile communication field from 2G to 5G transcendence from the perspective of integrated innovation.Through the analysis of the international environment,institutional deployment,and innovation consortium in the field of mobile communication from the 2G era to the 5G era,it is found that the Chinese government department guides the innovation consortium in the field of mobile communication to seize the window of opportunity through the system,and then achieves breakthrough innovation at the critical stage of technological transfor-mation.After three development stages of"route self-reliance-system construction-science and technology self-improve-ment",China has achieved leapfrog development in the field of mobile communication innovation.This study further sum-marizes it as the interaction mechanism between decision-making logic and innovation ecosystem,specifically:Firstly,the decision-making logic in the high-tech field is manifested as the dual decision-making logic of institutional deployment and system participants,which achieves the goal of scientific and technological self-reliance by influencing the evolution process of the innovation ecosystem;Secondly,the system deployment logic is always mission-driven and updated in stages according to development goals,while the decision-making logic of system participants will change from effect logic to causal logic as the system evolves.Finally,the dual decision-making logic of institutional deployment and system participants shapes the structure of the innovation ecosystem,and the update of the decision-making logic promotes the structural renewal of the innovation ecosystem to realize the development from scientific and technological self-reliance to scientific and technological self-improvement. The self-reliance journey in our nation's mobile communication technology sector highlights the pivotal role of governmental institutional deployment in high-tech self-sufficiency.High-tech fields in the process of catching up should be based on the mission of the times of self-reliance and self-improvement in science and technology,give play to the leading role of national strategic scientific and technological forces,and strengthen the effectiveness and systematization ability of system participants by building a high-level innovation consortium,to achieve scientific and technological self-reliance and self-improvement.
The concept of"Industry 4.0"and"Industrial Internet"has had a great impact on the manufacturing indus-try,and the intelligent technology revolution has been continuously promoted.In order to realize the high-quality develop-ment of manufacturing industry and accelerate the transformation from a large manufacturing country to a strong manufac-turing country,the Chinese government proposed"Made in China 2025"in 2015,since then,intelligent manufacturing has been upgraded to a national strategy.Since then,departments at all levels have introduced a number of policies to support the intelligent upgrading of the manufacturing industry,and the 19th Party Congress clearly put forward"to promote the deep integration of the Internet,big data,artificial intelligence and the real economy".Along with the full stimulation of the potential of industrial intelligence applications since the new epidemic,the Ministry of Industry and Information Tech-nology jointly issued the"14th Five-Year Plan for the Development of Intelligent Manufacturing"in 2021,which clearly defines the main direction of the construction of a strong manufacturing country and points out that"the development of intelligent manufacturing is essential for consolidating the foundation of the real economy,building a modern The develop-ment of intelligent manufacturing plays an important role in consolidating the foundation of the real economy,building a modern industrial system and realizing a new type of industrialization. As a macroeconomic unit,micro enterprises are the main body of intelligent manufacturing development,and their in-telligent manufacturing application level is related to their own production development and business performance on the one hand,and affect the quality and efficiency of economic development through macro aggregation on the other.As a kind of machine and equipment that can be automatically controlled,repeatedly programmed and multi-functionally ap-plied,the promotion and application of industrial robots is not only a key component of the intelligent upgrading of indus-trial enterprises,but also an important force for achieving high-quality development.The"promotion theory"believes that industrial robots not only generate innovation spillover effects through the combination of capital skills,but also effective-ly promote total factor productivity growth through labor productivity driven by labor substitution and output quality and value added by precision intelligent control.The"ineffectiveness theory",based on Solow's productivity paradox,argues that the wrong application expectations,misleading data,excessive promotion mismatch and lagging application of indus-trial robots will not promote total factor productivity,and even have negative effects.In view of the conflicting findings on the impact of smart manufacturing on total factor productivity,it is of great theoretical and practical significance to in-vestigate the impact of industrial robots on total factor productivity and its mechanism of action in the Chinese context,in order to solve the productivity paradox and achieve high-quality development of manufacturing industry in the 14th Five-Year Plan period. Therefore,this paper constructs a"Bartick's instrumental variable"to calculate the robot penetration rate at the enter-prise level from 2011 to 2019 by using Chinese industrial robot data and data of listed companies in manufacturing indus-try to investigate the impact of industrial robot application on total factor productivity and its mechanism.The study also investigates the heterogeneous impact of industrial robot applications and industrial chain spillover effects.It is found that(1)there is no productivity paradox in China's manufacturing industry,and the application of industrial robots in enter-prises significantly increases their total factor productivity,and this conclusion still holds after a series of tests;(2)the application of industrial robots increases the total factor productivity of enterprises through the innovation effect,tech-nology effect and scale effect,and there are significant differences in capital density,property rights nature,financing constraints and government subsidies;(3)industrial robot applications have both"upward spillover"and"downward spillover"chain transmission effects. The marginal contributions of this paper are:first,it systematically explores the impact of industrial robots on total factor productivity at the enterprise level using the instrumental variables approach and empirically tests the productivity paradox,which enriches the literature on the application of robots in manufacturing industries in terms of theoretical con-notation and empirical data;second,it opens the"black box"of robot application at the micro level,unlike the existing studies from the macro perspective."Third,through the heterogeneity analysis of robot application effects and industrial chain spillover test,it can not only systematically assess the economic consequences of current industrial robot applica-tions,but also provide positive suggestions for the 14th Five-Year Plan.Third,the heterogeneous analysis of robot applica-tion effects and industry chain spillover examination can not only systematically assess the economic consequences of cur-rent industrial robot applications,but also provide positive empirical inspiration for the"14th Five-Year Plan"intelligent manufacturing development planning.
Talent evaluation is the"baton"for talent development.The evaluation of Science and technology talents(S&T talents)is a current hot topic that has received widespread attention from society.However,how to reform the evaluation of S&T talents has not yet been completely resolved.A systematic review of current researches on the evalua-tion of S&T talents has found that due to the large scale,diverse types,and wide distribution of S&T talents,it is difficult to measure them through a unified evaluation index system and evaluation standards.And it is also difficult to depict the overall evaluation of S&T talents from a single level.Similarly,attempting to comprehensively explain how to evaluate S&T talents through the establishment of a comprehensive theoretical analysis framework is very challenging.Given the complexity of S&T talents evaluation,it is necessary to jump out of the common micro research perspective,deeply ana-lyze the institutional system behind S&T talents evaluation.This study attempts to establish a logical framework for S&T talents evaluation based on classification,analyze the practical dilemma of S&T talents evaluation from the macro and meso levels,and propose relevant countermeasures and suggestions.Based on the perspective of public management,this study first classifies the evaluation of S&T talents,and then constructs an analytical framework based on the classification to clarify the positioning and interrelationships of different types of S&T talents evaluation.It provides a theoretical refer-ence for clarifying the content and focus of S&T talents evaluation,as well as constructing a S&T talents evaluation system. Specifically,following the principle of"MECE"and based on different evaluation purposes,the evaluation of S&T talents is divided into three categories:evaluation of job qualifications,evaluation of professional competency,evaluation of selection.Among them,the evaluation of job qualifications is linked to specific job responsibilities and job abilities within the unit,and belongs to the talent evaluation at the organizational level.The evaluation of professional competency focuses on whether an individual's technical skill level meets the corresponding occupational level requirements,and belongs to talent evaluation at the industry level.The selective evaluation can be divided into evaluations aimed at in-troducing and cultivating talents and evaluations aimed at motivating and rewarding individuals.It belongs to the evalua-tion of"selecting the best among the best"and has strong strategic attributes.From the perspective of the relationship be-tween the three,the evaluation of job qualifications and professional competency constitute the basic talent evaluation,while the selective evaluation serves as a guiding talent evaluation and is a supplement to the organizational and industry level talent evaluation.Although the three types of talent evaluation have different target orientations and evaluation con-tent priorities,they all follow the same principles,which are to adopt peer review methods,pursue the unity of multiple subject values,and adhere to hierarchical and classified evaluation.The three types of evaluation affect each other and to-gether constitute the logical analysis framework of S&T talents evaluation. Based on the logical analysis framework proposed above,this study explores the dilemmas faced by current S&T talents evaluation in practice from the perspectives of individual and common issues in the evaluation of three types of talents.These issues include:the unclear guidance and inefficient evaluation of government led selective evaluation,talent evaluation in universities is dominated by administrative power and academic power is weakened,low maturity of profes-sional ability evaluation and misplaced evaluation subjects,relatively lagging social organization construction and its absence in talent evaluation,inadequate design and closed-loop management of the evaluation system for S&T talents,weak soft environment infrastructure for evaluating S&T talents. Furthermore,countermeasures and suggestions were proposed for the reform and improvement of S&T talents evalua-tion,in order to provide reference for theoretical research and related work practices of S&T talents evaluation.Specific suggestions include clarifying the relationship between different types of evaluation of S&T talents,adjusting the role of evaluation subjects in the evaluation of S&T talents,encouraging the reform of S&T talents evaluation through pilot projects,improving the substantive peer review and non consensus evaluation mechanism,improving the full chain management of the evaluation system for S&T talents,improving the social environment construction for evaluating S&T talents.
The exploration of high-performance work system(HPWS)emerged in the 1980s as a typology.Research on HPWS began to flourish in the early 21st century.As an essential component of strategic human resource manage-ment(SHRM),HPWS refers to a set of human resource practices combined to improve organizational performance.However,although many scholars have now explored the conceptual connotation,constituent dimensions,and potential mechanisms of HPWS,the core issues regarding the synergistic effects between different practices within HPWS and the system configuration of adaptation in specific external contexts are still relatively vague.According to the strategic fit theory,the implementation of HPWS should not only ensure the"internal fit"between different HR practices but also main-tain the"external fit"with other structural features of the company.Does the HPWS have a variety of different matches?What are the mechanisms for interaction between human resource practices within the same system architecture?How do companies choose the correct human resource practices for their characteristics?These unresolved questions call for fur-ther exploration of the internal and external matching nature of HPWS. Currently,mainstream research has mainly explored the composition and nature of HPWS from three perspectives:universalistic,configurational,and contingency.These three perspectives each make different assumptions about the internal matching and external influences of HPWS from different perspectives.In terms of theoretical structure,the above three per-spectives seem to have summarized all possible properties of HPWS.However,they lack further integration with each other.A single perspective alone does not give us a complete and correct understanding of the nature of HPWS.According to the efficient complementarity theory and systems view,the internal fit of HPWS needs to consider two aspects:(1)the possible multiple heterogeneous approaches among different human resource practices,and(2)whether there is a distinction between"peripheral"and"core"human resource practices in the different heterogeneous approaches.The internal alignment of HPWS should not only consider the possible heterogeneity of different human resource practices but also clarify whether there is a difference between"peripheral"and"core"human resource practices in different heterogeneous approaches.On the other hand,to make use of the strategic significance of HPWS,it is necessary to link HPWS with other structural charac-teristics of the company,especially the strategic orientation of the company. Therefore,this research explores the internal and external matching nature of HPWS by using fuzzy set qualitative com-parative analysis(fsQCA)and t-test,respectively,using 283 manufacturing companies in the eastern coastal region of China as the research sample.The research results show(1)the internal fit nature of HPWS.There is no single"best practice"with-in a complete HPWS,but it relies on the complementary and synergistic effects between different HR practices.(2)The inter-action between internal fit and external fit of HPWS.T-test results show a complex matching relationship between different types of HPWS and other company external factors.Among them,the high-investment HPWS is not commonly found in state-owned enterprises and is more suitable for firms that adopt the ambidexterity innovation strategy.The opportunity-driv-en HPWS is more suitable for resource-strapped firms,and its subtype teamwork HPWS is more commonly used by smaller firms.In contrast,the subtype employee-engagement HPWS is more frequently used by firms that adopt the exploratory in-novation strategy.The motivation-opportunity-driven HPWS is more general across all firm types,and its subtype motiva-tion-teamwork HPWS is more applicable to firms that adopt the exploitative innovation strategy. In sum,based on the current practical problems in implementing enterprise human resource management practices and the gaps in the existing human resource management theories,this research presents the research question of"how to match the organization's high-performance work system strategically".Based on the theoretical perspective and research methods of strategic human resource management,this research systematically discusses the nature of HPWS and the specific mecha-nism to achieve strategic matching.It puts forward three specific combinations of high-performance human resource management practices.
The evaluation of scientific and technological talents is the basic policy for talent development.The mis-sion-oriented scientific and technological talent evaluation system adapts to the new requirements of achieving high-level scientific and technological self-reliance and self-improvement in the new era.It is necessary to conduct theoretical discus-sions about this topic from the aspects of research status,analysis of the characteristics of the mission-oriented evaluation system,and system construction to provide a policy basis. Since the 1990s,research on the evaluation of scientific and technological talents has been continuously improved and enriched.Compared with ability-oriented and contribution-oriented scientific and technological talent activities,mis-sion-oriented scientific and technological talent activities have different characteristics in macro positioning,result charac-teristics,task characteristics,and completion characteristics.Mission-oriented scientific and technological talent activities are more directly aimed at scientific and technological issues in key areas of national development and planning.They are more closely related to national planning and development.The tasks are difficult and scientifically breakthrough.They usually require long-term team efforts.It also relies more on the collaboration of scientific and technological peers and poli-cy departments. To build a mission-oriented scientific and technological talent evaluation system,the characteristics of mission-oriented scientific and technological talents'activities should be fully considered,and adjustments should be made to the evaluation orientation,evaluation content,evaluators,evaluation methods and other aspects.The mission-oriented scientific and tech-nological talent evaluation system is an organic system composed of multiple interrelated elements,including four levels:guiding level,purpose level,practice level and application level and what to evaluate,who to evaluate,how to evaluate,and how to evaluate.At the same time,it is necessary for the external policy environment to provide institutional support with clear mission requirements,and to provide strong support and guarantee through departmental coordination."What to evaluate"should highlight the evaluation indicators that support the needs of the national science and technology strategy."Who will evaluate"should emphasize the issuer of the mission as the main body of evaluation."How to evaluate"should reflect the goal orientation of achieving the mission."How to use"should be consistent with the evaluation orientation,thereby forming a closed loop of the evaluation system and making the evaluation system effectively. The mission-oriented scientific and technological talent evaluation system is a deepening and improvement of the cur-rent scientific and technological talent evaluation system.It is innovative in four aspects.First,it is in line with the new re-quirements of the country to build a national strategic scientific and technological force.Second,a new evaluation classifi-cation dimension was explored.Third,it solves the problem of insufficient incentives for major national strategic needs.Fourth,it provides new ideas for scientific research institutions to improve the evaluation system of scientific and techno-logical talents.In the specific evaluation practice,it is necessary to pay attention to three points.One is to clarify the specific connotation of the mission.The second is the coordination between the evaluation system of multi-type orienta-tion.The third is the balance between team evaluation and talent evaluation. The construction of a mission-oriented scientific and technological talent evaluation system also requires government departments to actively change their functions and implement"decentralization,regulation and service":delegating more autonomy to the main body of the employing unit,supporting institutions to actively fulfill their missions and improving the macro management of scientific research institutions,optimizing indicators for performance evaluation of scientific re-search institutions,and creating a clean and upright scientific research environment.
The sustainable development of society and economy must rely on innovation,and enterprises can't do without innovation if they want to obtain and maintain their core competitive advantages.With the accelerating pace of my country's economic restructuring and upgrading,enterprises are also faced with the choice of transformation and up-grading.In response to the increasingly competitive external environment,the ever-changing technology structure,and the ever-accelerating iterative innovation,more and more companies tend to adopt technology mergers and acquisitions,ex-pecting to acquire external advanced technology resources and technical researchers in a relatively short period of time.In order to shorten the research and development process,improve the technological innovation ability and innovation effi-ciency.To carry out technology M&A,the main and merging companies need to invest a lot of resources and carry out post-merger risk integration in order to realize the value of technology mergers and acquisitions.On the other hand,the top-level echelon theory believes that the top management team(TMT)is the group that plays a leading role in the compa-ny's strategic decision-making.Their psychological cognitive preferences and value determine the final strategic direction of the company."Attention"the introduction of the concept provides a more precise explanation for the psychological cog-nitive preferences of the executive team,and shows us the micro-psychological cognitive basis of corporate behavior.Most of the existing research on the antecedents of corporate technology mergers and acquisitions is carried out from the perspective of organizations,while there are few studies on the micro-psychological cognition of mergers and acquisitions.Finally,from the situational principle of the attention-based view and the perspective of the resource-based theory,the top management team will examine the internal and external environment when making decisions,so the organization of re-dundant resources has an impact on the cognitive preference of the top management team,and then influence corporate de-cision-making. Considering the high degree of technological innovation and active innovation vitality of companies listed on my country's science and technology innovation board and chinext,based on the above analysis and combined with my coun-try's specific scenarios,this research selects the 2013-2019 China A-share market China science and technology innovation board and entrepreneurship the high-tech enterprises listed on the board are the research samples.In view of the research content,in addition to literature analysis and empirical analysis,this research also uses text analysis to measure innovation attention.Based on the situational principle and focus principle of attention,this research discusses TMT innovation atten-tion,technology mergers and acquisitions,and corporate innovation.The relationship between performance,considering the specific situation of the senior management team,incorporating organizational redundancy into the research scope,and analyzing its moderating role in the impact of TMT innovation attention on technology mergers and acquisitions.This research mainly uses Nvivo12.0 and Stata16.0 as the main software tools to complete the measurement of key variables and the testing of hypotheses.The final results show that TMT innovation attention can significantly positively affect tech-nology mergers and acquisitions and corporate innovation performance,and that companies adopting technology mergers and acquisitions innovation behavior can promote the output of innovation performance,and technology mergers and ac-quisitions play a role in the relationship between TMT innovation attention and corporate innovation performance.Partial-ly mediating,organizational redundancy has a positive moderating effect on the effect of TMT innovation attention on technology M&A.
Urban innovation ecosystem is a kind of dynamic network system that exists invisibly but really in the city.The innovation subject,innovation resources and innovation environment in the system disturb each other and grow continuously.As the main body of urban innovation ecosystem,there is a network relationship between enterprises that transcends the market.This connection between bureaucratic organization and market can enhance trust,promote knowledge flow and resource sharing,reduce information search and market transaction costs,and enable enterprises to obtain the excess profit that cannot be created by a single enterprise,namely ecological rent.Therefore,exploring the mechanism and boundary conditions of the influence of firm relationship quality on ecological rent in urban innovation ecosystem is an important issue that integrates the two research fields of urban innovation ecosystem and business manage-ment.The knowledge base view also points out that knowledge,as a key strategic resource,especially tacit knowledge,which is unique and difficult to replicate,is an important source of organizational wisdom.At the same time,the policy support belonging to the innovation environment subsystem is an important abiotic component in the urban innovation eco-system.Policy support plays a guiding role in the actions of the innovation subjects in the system,which is conducive to enhancing the innovation motivation of enterprises and optimizing the allocation of resources.However,due to the im-balance of regional development,the policy support of each region is different.Therefore,on the basis of social capital theory,knowledge-based view and rent theory,break through the traditional research paradigm"behavior-performance",the new paradigm theory model according to the"relationship-behavior-ecological rent"was constructed.In this research,regional heterogeneity is also tested.This research explores the impact of firm relationship quality on ecological rent in the context of urban innovation ecosystem,and clarifies the role of tacit knowledge and government support in the relationship. Based on the analysis of 476 questionnaires,it is found that the quality of enterprise relationship has a significant positive impact on ecological rent in the urban innovation ecosystem.Relationship quality can promote ecological rent acquisition through tacit knowledge,that is,tacit knowledge plays a mediating role in the relationship between relation-ship quality and ecological rent.Government support reinforces the mediating role of tacit knowledge.Regional heteroge-neity analysis showed that government support had heterogeneous effects in different regions.In the eastern and northeastern regions,tacit knowledge positively moderated the mediating effect of relationship quality and ecological rent,while in the central and western regions,the moderating effect was not significant.Therefore,in practice,enterprises should maintain good relationship quality with stakeholders to enrich tacit knowledge,expand their core knowledge base,and obtain ecological rent.The government should escort the improvement of relationship quality and tacit knowledge exchange among enterprises in the urban innovation ecosystem,and provide appropriate support for enterprises to obtain ecological rent according to different regions.This study reveals the antecedents and internal mechanisms of enterprises'acquisition of ecological rent in the urban innovation ecosystem,and provides theoretical references for government's participation in the construction of urban innovation ecosystem and enterprises'acquisition of ecological rent.
As the first element of scientific and technological innovation,scientific and technological talents play a deci-sive role in China's innovation-driven and technological development.To effectively play the role of scientific and tech-nological talents,it is necessary to follow the law of scientific and technological innovation and the law of talent growth,es-tablish a scientific,reasonable and effective evaluation system for scientific and technological talents,constantly improve the environment for talent development,stimulate the vitality of talent creation,and adapt to the strategic needs of national development in the new era. The construction of the evaluation system of scientific and technological talents in the new era oriented by innova-tion ability,quality,effectiveness and contribution is the objective need to solve the problems of four only and the only way to stimulate the creativity and enthusiasm of scientific research personnel,promote innovation-driven development and build a powerful country of science and technology,which has important theoretical and practical significance,and should be guided by a series of policies on the evaluation of scientific and technological talents issued by the central government,fol-low the laws of science and technology and the laws of talent growth,pay attention to the innovative and creative value of scientific and technological output and its contribution to economic and social development,fully mobilize the enthusiasm and creativity of talents,promote the reform of the scientific and technological system and mechanism,and serve the na-tional strategic needs. Innovation ability,quality,effectiveness and contribution are important orientation for China to promote the reform of talent evaluation system and construct the classified evaluation system of scientific and technological talents in the new era.Based on the reform demand of establishing the classification and evaluation system of scientific and technological talents suitable for the types of scientific and technological innovation activities,combined with the case of the award of scientific and technological talents by the China Association for Science and Technology(CAST),this paper analyzes and refines the types of scientific research activities and output characteristics of various types of scientific and technological talents awarded by the CAST.Guided by innovation ability,quality,effectiveness and contribution,this paper constructs the classifi-cation and evaluation index system of scientific and technological talents for different types of scientific and technological innovation activities,such as basic research,applied research and technology development,engineering technology,achieve-ment transformation and innovation and entrepreneurship,and social services,and then puts forward specific policy sugges-tions for the effective implementation of the classification and evaluation of scientific and technological talents.This study suggest CAST deeply combine the evaluation index system of scientific and technological talent awards set up by scientific classification with the strategy of national innovation-driven development,strengthen the construction of third-party institu-tions for the evaluation of scientific and technological talent awards,and establish and improve supporting measures to sup-port the classification evaluation of scientific and technological talent awards. Through constructing the classified evaluation system of scientific and technological talents oriented by innovation abil-ity,quality,actual effect and contribution and applying it to the reform of the evaluation of scientific and technological talents rewarded by the CAST,this paper has great theoretical value for constructing the evaluation system of scientific and technological talents under the new era and new orientation,and has important practical significance for the relevant depart-ments and units represented by the CAST to further improve the standard and quality of the evaluation of scientific and tech-nological talents.
强化国家战略科技力量是党中央、国务院作出的重要战略部署.研究通过探讨国家农业战略科技力量的内涵构成和使命任务,分析我国强化国家农业战略科技力量面临的挑战,以及世界农业科技强国建设农业战略科技力量的经验等,提出了强化我国农业科技战略力量的战略路径.研究认为,国家农业战略科技力量是在国家农业科技创新体系建设中发挥"中坚力量"作用和引领作用的机构和组织,在承担任务、成果产出、人才培养、创新水平、事业发展等方面具有战略性、引领性、原创性、颠覆性、长远性、基础性、系统性、开放性等鲜明特征;由涉农国家实验室和农业领域国家重点实验室,国家农业科研机构和涉农高水平科研机构,研究型农业大学和涉农高水平综合性研究型大学,及农业和涉农科技领军企业构成;以实现农业科技自立自强、抢占世界农业科技制高点、提高农业科技和产业的国际竞争力为使命担当.同时,研究提出从四个方面强化国家农业战略科技力量,包括坚持"四个面向"科学布局国家农业战略科技任务,培育农业战略科技力量"四大主体",推进"改革攻坚"激发农业科技创新活力,及建设农业战略人才力量"四支队伍".
可持续转型(sustainability transitions,ST)作为创新政策研究的一个新兴领域已经引起了学术界的关注,但是还缺乏全面的总结和分析.研究全面回顾了 1981-2020年间可持续转型研究领域的1990篇SSCI文献,以及国内的相关理论和政策研究.研究综合了定性分析,以及共引网络分析、主路径分析这两种定量分析方法.共引网络分析ST研究是在技术转型与可持续社会技术系统转型治理两个与文献计量学研究相关的开创性研究的影响下发展起来的.基于主路径分析,确定了 ST研究轨迹分为三个阶段:(1)多层级视角分析框架结合转型治理构建可持续转型理念和框架;(2)多学科领域对可持续转型治理过程与相关理念和框架批判性、系统性的继承发展;(3)可持续转型政策研究.关于创新发展的"可持续转型"研究的主题主要包括五大方面:(1)可持续转型的多层次视角研究分析框架;(2)可持续转型治理;(3)可持续转型创新政策;(4)可持续转型地理学研究;(5)可持续转型的城市与社区研究.还包括一些交叉研究分支,比如能源转型.
研究证实共享领导力对提升多元化研发团队的创新绩效具有重要作用,因此如何促使研发团队中共享领导力涌现成为关键问题.然而传统研究大多基于相关性视角探究单个要素对共享领导力影响的净效应,忽视了各要素的多重并发与协同作用.基于复杂领导力理论,以89个研发项目团队为样本,引入模糊集定性比较分析方法,探究在团队发展不同阶段行政型行为垂直领导力、适应型行为交互记忆系统、赋能型行为多元化管理实践,以及任务特性对共享领导力涌现的组态影响.结果发现共享领导力的涌现路径在团队前期和后期阶段存在显著差异.团队前期阶段,产生高共享领导力的组态主要有行政主导的赋能型、行政主导的适应赋能型两种,行政主导的赋能型是在高相依性但非高系统复杂性的任务下,垂直领导力与多元化管理实践共同促成了共享领导力涌现,行政主导的适应赋能型表明在系统复杂性未知时,还需要在行政主导的赋能型的基础上发展高水平的团队交互记忆系统的专长和信任.团队后期阶段,高共享领导力的产生组态表现为行政主导的专长信任型、行政主导的专长协调型、行政缺失的适应型三种,行政主导的专长信任型和专长协调型是在高相依性和系统复杂性的任务下,共享领导力可以通过高垂直领导力和发达的交互记忆系统实现,而行政缺失的适应型表示在系统复杂性不高时,需要降低行政影响才能促成共享领导力的涌现.补充访谈进一步支持了以上结论.
如何加快推动区域绿色创新是直接关乎"双碳"目标能否如期实现的重大现实问题.数字金融为现代金融体系改革注入了新的活力,从而成为驱动区域绿色创新发展的重要力量.基于中国2011-2018年省级面板数据,采用中介效应、分位数等方法实证探讨了数字金融对区域绿色创新影响的内在机制.结果发现:(1)数字金融显著地促进了区域绿色创新,该结论在考虑稳健性和内生性检验后依然成立;(2)数字金融对区域绿色创新的直接冲击存在显著的异质性特征,即数字支持服务程度的赋能效应高于使用深度和覆盖广度,数字金融对东、中部地区绿色创新的激励效应强于西部地区;(3)数字金融不仅可直接驱动区域绿色创新,还能通过加速产业升级、提高居民收入和降低环境污染等方式间接对区域绿色创新产生积极影响,但现阶段数字金融的直接赋能仍扮演着更为重要的角色;(4)数字金融对区域绿色创新的赋能效应存在"结构突变"特征,随着区域绿色创新水平的不断提高,数字金融对其的促进作用会逐步降低.
