为优化多花黄精人工栽培模式,评价多花黄精品质,采用田间栽培试验,比较分析了不同栽培模式下土壤养分、多花黄精生物量分配;依据中国药典黄精检测方法,评价不同栽培模式多花黄精品质.结果表明,限耕容器栽培的土壤改良较好,多花黄精生长量较大,黄精多糖含量高,为10.0％;起垄栽培黄精多糖含量为9.4％.相关性分析结果:根系数量、长度与多花黄精根茎直径、鲜重呈显著正相关,在一定范围内,土壤pH值、全磷和全钾含量与黄精多糖含量呈线性正相关.研究表明:与起垄栽培相比,限耕容器栽培的多花黄精产量高10％,黄精多糖高6％,是人工种植较好的选择.

The aim of this study is to investigate the changes of endogenous hormone contents and enzyme activities in the seeds of Paris polyphylla Smith var.yunnanensis during gernination.The seeds at different germination stages were collected to determine their enzyme activities of superoxide dismutases (SOD),catalases (CAT),peroxidases (POD),malate dehydrogenases (MDH),and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PDH) as well as contents of the six endogenous hormones,namely indoleacetic acid (IAA),gibberellic acid (GA3),abscisic acid (ABA),salicylic acid (SA),trans-Zeatin (TZ) and jasmonic acid (JA),respectively.The results demonstrated that during the imminent emergence stage,the activities of SOD and POD increased rapidly,while those of CAT,MDH and G-6-PDH decreased gradually.The contents of IAA and GA3 were significantly higher at the imminent emergence stage than any of other stages,but those of ABA decreased rapidly after release of seed dormancy.When the radicles just broke through the seed coats,the contents of SA,TZ and JA all reached the highest level.During the whole germination stages,significant positive correlation was found among the changes of SOD,POD,IAA and GA3 (P ＜0.01),between MDH and G-6-PDH (P ＜0.01),and among SA,TZ and JA (P ＜0.01),but the change of ABA was negatively correlated with that of GA3 (P ＜0.05).Moreover,the relative ratio of IAA/ABA,GA3/ABA,SA/ABA all showed an increasing tendency during the stages of seed dormancy release and emergence.Taken together,the results indicated that:SOD,POD and GA3 might be critical in germination of the seeds;TZ,SA and JA might participate in regulation of epicotyl dormancy release;increase of the IAA/ABA,GA3/ABA,SA/ABA ratio could promote seed dormancy release and emergence.These results would provide a theoretical basis and practical guidance for Paris polyphylla Smith var.yunnanensis breeding.

华重楼为百合科重楼属植物七叶一枝花的变种,是我国名贵的传统中药材,具有清热解毒、消肿止痛等功效.华重楼人工栽培因种子不易萌发、繁殖系数低和块茎生长周期长而无法实现规模化生产,影响了华重楼资源利用和开发.综述了华重楼种子的形态学特征、种子化学成分、种子休眠与种子萌发等方面的研究进展,旨在为加快华重楼种子快速萌发、提高出苗率等进一步研究提供参考.

元胡是重要的中药材资源,生产期5个月左右,为短期高效药材品种,种植时间短、技术简易.阐述了元胡的生长习性,结合多年栽培实践,从环境选择、栽培技术、田间管理、病虫害防治及采收等方面总结了南平市元胡规范化栽培技术,为进一步推进元胡产业做大做强提供技术指导.

为提高枯萎病生防菌地衣芽胞杆菌FJAT-4的固态发酵水平,以农业副产物——微生物发酵床养猪垫料为主要培养基成分,以活菌体数量为指标,通过单因子试验对菌株FJAT-4的最适发酵培养基成分及发酵条件进行优化.结果表明,菌株FJAT-4最适发酵培养基配方为垫料:麸皮(质量比)=7:3、K2HP040.05％、MgS04 0.025％;最佳发酵培养条件为温度35℃,相对湿度45％,通气量75％,发酵周期40 h.在最佳发酵培养基和发酵条件下,菌株FJAT-4固态发酵物干重活菌体数可达2.63×109 cfu/g.

Objective To analyze the bacterial diversity in stem rot and healthy plants of Paris polyphylla var.chinensis.Methods Bacterial strains were isolated from rhizomes,stems and leaves of the diseased and healthy plants ofP.polyphylla var.chinensis using beef extract-peptone medium.Using 16 S rRNA universal primers 27F/1492R for PCR amplification,combined with DNA sequencing technology to preliminary identification the bacterial strains.Results The bacteria could be divided into 23 microbial species,belonging to 11 genera,isolated from healthy and diseased plants ofP.polyphylla var.chinensis.Eleven endophytic bacteria,belonging to 4 genera were contained from healthy plants,in which there were 9,10,and 5 species isolated from rhizomes,stems and leaves,respectively.Fourteen endophytic bacteria,belonging to 10 genera were contained from diseased plant,in which there were 11,8,and 3 species isolated from rhizomes,stems,and leaves,respectively.The content of endophytic bacteria in rhizome of healthy plant was the highest,reached up to 2.999 × 105 cfu/g,while that in leaf was the lowest with 7.32 × 104 cfu/g.The quantities of Bacillus species in rhizome (73.3％),stem (67.1％),and leaf (81.8％) of healthy plant were the highest groups,Pseudomonas species in rhizome (35.6％),stem (50.3％) and leaf (60.5％) of diseased plants were the highest groups.Shannon-Wiener index and evenness index of healthy plant ofP.polyphylla var.chinensis were higher than that of diseased plants.Conclusion The dominant group in the healthy plant of P.polyphylla var.chinensis was Bacillus,while the dominant groups in the diseased plant of P.polyphylla var.chinensis was Pseudomonas.The population diversity of the cultivable bacteria in healthy plant of P.polyphylla var.chinensis was more abundant than that of diseased plant.

为了解多花黄精主要病害叶枯病、炭疽病和茎腐病的发生规律,分别于2016年和2017年在光泽县3个多花黄精种植基地对3种病害的发病规律进行调查,结果表明:多花黄精出苗期只有炭疽病发生,叶枯病和茎腐病在苗期未见发生,茎腐病在展叶期仍未见发生;随着多花黄精的生长,这3种病害呈逐步加重的趋势,叶枯病、炭疽病在结实期达到发病高峰期,茎腐病在地上部枯死期达到发病高峰期,2017年总体发病情况比2016年严重.

The stored nutrients and amylase activity in the seeds of Paris polyphylla Smith var.chinensis at various stages of germination were determined in an attemptto improve seed germination and seedling emergence.The seeds were collected for morphological observations under a light microscope,as well as analyses of physiological,biochemical properties.Changes on the contents of starch and soluble sugars and the activities of α-amylase,β-amylase and total amylase during the seed dormancy and germination were monitored.The results showed that,at cessation of dormancy,the amylases in the seeds were activated and started to degrade starches.As the stored carbohydrates decreased,the amylase activity also declined gradually,α-amylase activity played a pivotal role in the dormancy termination and subsequent germination ofthe seeds of P.polyphylla.

To investigate the distribution and characteristic of E .coli in the microbial-fermenta-tion bed of piggery,litters with different levels of fermentation were used for the isolation,iden-tification and drug sensitivity test of E .coli,to analyze the pathogenicity and drug susceptibility of E .coli in the microbial-fermentation bed of piggery.The results showed that,E .coli could be isolated only from litters with low degree of fermentation (0<△E≤7.63),and totally 41 strains were isolated from litters with 10-5 dilution,but none from litters with higher degree of fermenta-tion (△E>7.63).The number of E .coli reduced along with the fermentation of litters.Among the 41 strains of E .coli,15 were intestinal pathogenic strains,9 of which had astA gene (22%), and 2 strains had sepA gene (4.8%).11 strains were resistant to doxycycline,accounted for 27%of the total.The two strains containing sepA gene had strong resistance to doxycycline.In con-clusion,the microbial-fermentation bed fermentation bed had a inhibitory effect on E .coli which&nbsp;promoted the application of fermentation bed and reusing of litters.

Objective To investigate the regulation mechanism of enzymes and endogenous hormones of different stages of Paris polyphylla Smith var.chinensis seed germination,aiming to provide scientific basis for taking effective treatment measures during the different stages of seed dormancy and germination to increase seedling emergence rate.Methods The morphological differences of different stages of P.polyphylla Smith var.chinensis seeds germination after treatment with variable temperature stratification were observed and measured.Activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD),catalase (CAT),peroxidase (POD),malic acid deoxy enzyme (MDH) and 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PDH) were determined by routine physiological and biochemical methods.Levels of 6 endogenous hormones,named indole acetic acid (IAA),gibberellin (GA3),abscisic acid (ABA),salicylic acid (SA),Trans-Zeatin (TZ),and jasmonic acid (JA) were quantitatively determined by mass spectrometry.The correlation among enzyme activity,endogenous hormone content and embryo rate during seed germination was studied.Results In the stages of non-germinating,epicotyl dormancy and upcoming emerging ofP.polyphylla Smilth var.chinensis seeds,seed weight and embryo rate increased gradually;the activities of SOD and POD increased gradually,while activities of CAT and MDH decreased gradually.The G-6-PDH activity levels showed two peaks and the levels of non-germinating stage and stage before epicotyl elongation after germination were obviously higher than those of other stages.The contents of IAA,G A3,ABA and J A increased gradually,and the contents of IAA and JA were significantly higher in the upcoming emerging stage than those of other stages (P ＜ 0.01).The contents of TZ and SA increased first and then decreased.TZ levels of cotyledon differentiation stage and endosperm maturation stage were obviously higher than those of other stages (P ＜ 0.01).SA level was highest in the early stage of emerge,and the levels of SA in germinating radicle just breaking through the seed coat stage and endosperm formation stage were second.The change of CAT enzyme activity was negatively correlated with embryo rate,and the content of IAA and JA was positively correlated with embryo rate.Conclusion CAT could inhibit the growth of embryo,and IAA and JA had positive effects on the growth of embryo.

110 halophilic and alkaliphilic Bacillus strains were isolated and cultured using three medium.Based on 16S rRNA gene similarities and phylogeny analysis,it was indicated that these halophilic and alkaliphilic Bacillus strains belonged to 10 genera including 41 species with 16S rRNA gene 96％ ～ 100％ similarity to the their closed type strains.The genus Bacillus was the dominant resource in Chaka Salt Lake,which include 25 Bacillus species including 83 strains.6 strains may represent the potential new species.From the three enzymes screening,it was showed that approximately 87％ strains could produce enzymes,among which 70 strains produced protease,81 strains produced cellulose and 50 strains produced xylanase.The research indicated that there was not only an abundant diversity of Bacillus,which could produce many kinds of enzymes,but also some potential new microbial species in Qinghai Chaka Salt Lake,which provided basis for reasonable development of halophilic and alkaliphilic Bacillus resources.

采用室内盆栽法测定了精选紫长茄(JX),金山长茄(JS)、艳娘(YN)、优美茄子(YM)、特大紫罐茄(TD)等5个茄子品种的根际土壤理化性质并分析了其与可培性微生物类群的关系.结果表明,TD根际速效钾含量显著高于JX,但全钾低于JX.在其余6个土壤理化性质方面,5个茄子品种间无显著差异.与其他4个品种相比,TD根际土壤细菌、真菌、放线菌含量虽然较高,但氨化细菌、自生固氮菌和亚硝酸细菌含量却较低;YM的6类根际微生物含量处中等水平.茄子根际土壤部分理化性质之间、可培养性微生物类群之间及理化性质与微生物之间存在显著相关性.

This experimentation was conducted at the National Modern Agricultural Demonstration Area in Fuqing, Fujian on January 26,2015. Activities of invertase,cellulase,hemicellulase,and neutral and alkaline phosphatase were detected in 0 - 50 cm layers of the bedding material at the piggery.The activities of all of the enzymes significantly decreased gradually from the surface to 50 cm in depth of the bedding.The information provided for further study on the mechanism and process of the microbial fermentation relating to the pig-on-litter system.

为了揭示微生物发酵床猪舍病原菌的空间分布特点,本研究对浸水垫料和不同发酵等级的垫料进行致病菌毒素基因的克隆,分析垫料中致病菌的分布特征.结果表明:在发酵床垫料中大肠杆菌是普遍存在的微生物,链球菌和胸膜肺炎放线杆菌分布也比较广泛.魏氏杆菌在发酵等级为ii,iii的垫料中含量低,在发酵等级为i和iv的垫料分布较多,而在管理不善的浸水垫料中普遍存在.同样,副猪嗜血杆菌在发酵等级iii的垫料中未见到,在ii和iv的垫料中较低,而在管理不善垫料中广泛存在.多杀性巴氏杆菌在发酵程度为i和iv的垫料中未检测到,在ii,iii的垫料分布较少,而在管理不善垫料中广泛存在.沙门氏菌和丹毒杆菌在发酵床垫料中都未检测到.通过对发酵床病原菌分布的聚类分析,将病原菌分为三种类型:低频种类、中频种类和高频种类;将不同位置的发酵床垫料分为三种类型:致病菌种类少、种类中等和种类多样的垫料.

了解芽胞杆菌资源多样性,可为芽胞杆菌功能资源挖掘和菌剂开发提供基础.从台湾地区8个市(县)采集土壤样本,从20份土壤样品中分离获得了136株芽胞杆菌,采用16S rRNA基因同源性将其鉴定为芽胞杆菌科的2个属、20个种.分别属于芽胞杆菌属(Bacillus)的16个种和赖氨酸芽胞杆菌属(Lysinibacillus)的4个种.根据分离频度分析得知,台湾地区土壤中的芽胞杆菌优势菌群为阿氏芽胞杆菌(Bacillus aryabhattai)、苏云金芽胞杆菌(B.thuringiensis)和蜡样芽胞杆菌(B.cereus),其他种类分布极其不均匀.芽胞杆菌Shannon多样性指数为1.2925-2.5850,最高的为台中市和嘉义市(2.5850),最低的为桃园县(1.2925).根据分离频度对芽胞杆菌种类的聚类分析显示,当欧式距离λ=20时,芽胞杆菌种类可分为高频度分布类型如阿氏芽胞杆菌(B.aryabhattai),低频度分布类型如简单芽胞杆菌(B.simplex).依据分离频度对8个采样点间的聚类分析未发现采样点间的芽胞杆菌种类分布的相关性.本研究认为台湾地区土壤中蕴藏着丰富芽胞杆菌种类多样性高,具有很大的开发潜力.

为了解武夷山自然保护区土壤中可培养芽胞杆菌的分布状况,2012年6月从该保护区的黄岗山顶部、中部、底部和桐木关、挂墩、大竹岚等6个地点采集土样75份.用80℃水浴加热、稀释平板法进行芽胞杆菌的分离,并根据16S rRNA基因序列分析对菌株进行初步鉴定.从土样中分离出芽胞杆菌418株,鉴定为8个属42个种,其中Bacillus属的种数最多,有20种,Paenibacillus属和Lysinibacillus属分别有8种和7种.不同地点分离到的芽胞杆菌在种类、数量上存在差异:从大竹岚土壤中分离到的芽胞杆菌种类最多,从黄岗山中部和底部分离到的种类数则较少;挂墩、大竹岚土壤中芽胞杆菌的数量较大,达3.6×106 cfu/g以上,而黄岗山顶部和中部土壤中的数量则少于4.9×105 cfu/g.Bacillus cereus、B.mycoides、B.thuringiensis和Lysinibacillus xylanilyticus等4个种在6个地点的土样中均有分离到,其中B.thuringiensis、L.xylanilyticus是该保护区土壤中的优势种.桐木关土壤中芽胞杆菌的种类多样性和均匀度指数都比其他5个地点的高,而挂墩土壤中芽胞杆菌的Shannon-Wiener多样性、均匀度和优势度指数都最低.B.mycoides和B.thuringiensis的数量与海拔显著相关,相关系数分别为0.852和-0.834,B.cereus、B.mycoides、B.thuringiensis的分离频度与海拔的相关性极显著,相关系数分别为0.960、0.952和-0.931.研究结果表明,武夷山自然保护区土壤中可培养芽胞杆菌的种类丰富、数量较大,具有较高的多样性.

通过田间填埋试验法，对Nature M.T环保地膜的降解特性进行了研究。结果表明：田间填埋60 d后，Nature M.T环保地膜的降解率达37.77%，常规聚乙烯农膜的降解率仅为1.02%，可见，Nature M.T环保地膜比常规聚乙烯地膜更容易降解。本研究为Nature M.T环保地膜在果蔬上的推广应用提供了实践依据。

研究覆盖Nature M.T环保地膜对番茄产量和品质的影响,结果表明:与未覆盖地膜的对照相比,覆盖Nature M.T环保地膜产量差异不大,但可降低成熟番茄粗纤维含量,提高Vc含量.

Main agronomic characteristics,quality criteria,and genetic diversity of 10 varieties of yam (Dioscorea polystachya)found in Fujian and Iron Yam (Dioscorea opposita)introduced from overseas were compared. The results showed that Dehua Qinfeng and Mingxi varieties had the properties of high yield,pleasing taste,white color,and being not easily oxidized after peeling,which were considered suitable for processing applications. Whereas,Dehua Ziwei yam had the highest amino acid content among all tested samples,with appealing taste and a yield only next to that of Dehua large yam. According to the ISSR cluster analysis on genetic diversity,these tested varieties were classified into 4 categories. A comprehensive evaluation on them concluded that Dehua Qinfeng, Mingxi and Dehua Ziwei yam were potential candidates as a raw material for value-added processed products.