Based on the results of a comprehensive geological, mineralogical, and geochemical study of ores of the Namovskoe deposit, new data on the specifics of mineralization were obtained. The ores of the deposit were formed in close relation to the Early Cretaceous monzonitoid magmatism against the background of active left-hand movements along the Middle Sikhote-Alin fault. The U–Pb dating of the ore-bearing dyke provided an age of 103 Ma. In addition to native Au, the ores of the deposit contain high concentrations of Ag, Bi, and Cu. A variety of Bi minerals were registered in the ores: sulfide (bismuthinite), telluride (hedleyite), sulfotellurides (tetradymite, joseite-А, and joseite-В), Ag sulfobismuthite (matildite), Pb–Bi sulfosalts (aschamalmite, cannizzarite, cosalite, lillianite, nuffieldite, and galenobismuthite), an intermetallic compound of Au (maldonite), and native Bi. Ag minerals were identified as well: chloride (cerargyrite), sulfide (acanthite), and telluride (hessite). The typomorphic patterns of ore minerals and the geological structure of the Namovskoe deposit assign it to the type of gold deposits formed in a transform continental margin setting. A mantle source of ore mineralization is suggested.

Link for citation: Panichev A.M., Baranovskaya N.V., Aramilev V.V., Chekryzhov I.Yu., Vakh E.A., Vetoshkina A.V., Lutsenko T.N., Strepetov D.A. Consumption of mine water by wild ungulates in the sources of the Ussuri river, on the territory of the national park «Call of the tiger». Bulletin of the Tomsk Polytechnic University. Geo Аssets Engineering, 2023, vol. 334, no. 7, рр. 111-121. In Rus. The relevance of the study is determined by the need to clarify the reason for the use of mineralized water by wild animals, which is typical for many areas of the world. The new knowledge is closely related to the geophagy problem, the solution of which opens a wide prospect of fundamental research in the fields of landscape biogeochemistry, ecology and medicine. Purpose: to study chemical composition of the mineralized mine water in the lake located on the territory of the out-of-operation tin-polymetallic ores concentrator dump in the upper Ussuri river which is being consumed actively by wild ungulates; to reveal number of animal visitors to the lake during an annual cycle; to reveal the reason of mine water consumption. Objects: ungulates visiting the lake with mine water; lake water and bottom sediments. Methods: estimation of visitation of the mine lake by animals by means of photographic traps; chemical composition determination: inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) (Agilent 7700x spectrometer, Agilent Techn., USA); atomic emission spectrometry (spectrometer iCAP 7600 Duo); ion chromatography (LC-20 ion-liquid chromatograph, Shimadzu, Japan). Results. It was revealed that animals come to the lake uniformly throughout the year, except for the winter period, when the water is covered by a thick layer of ice. In high concentrations trace elements were found, including both elements with high toxicity (Cd and Pb) exceeding MAC for drinking water from 20 to 80 times and essential elements such as Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Co, Cr, Ni, Se, Li, which concentration either does not exceed MPC or exceeds it insignificantly. The concentration of REE, especially of the light subgroup, is also very high. The reason for mine water consumption by animals, most likely, is the high concentration of rare-earth elements of the light subgroup in it.

From the novel results of comprehensive geological–hydrobiogeochemical studies conducted on Olkhon Island (Lake Baikal), it follows that the phenomenon of geophagy among wild and domestic ungulates on the island is caused by the deficiency of light subgroup rare earth elements (LREE) in plant food and natural waters, while not denying the possible role of other factors. This deficiency reflects the low LREE specificity of the most abundant metamorphic terrigenous carbonate rocks on the island, as well as their overlying eluvium–deluvium and soils. The resulting specificity of the landscapes may be the cause of the LREE imbalance in the nervous and hormonal systems of the body, which makes the animals regularly and periodically consume clay (kaolinite) products from weathering, enriched with the necessary nutritional elements. The identified cause of geophagy on Olkhon Island is likely to extend to a significant part of geophagy cases among animals, including humans, especially in the equatorial zone of the Earth.

Based on the results of a comprehensive geological and mineralogical-geochemical study of the ores of the Namovskoye deposit, new data have been obtained that reflect the specifics of mineralization. The ores of the deposit were formed in close connection with the manifestation of Early Cretaceous monzonitoid magmatism against the background of active left-hand movements along the Central Sikhote-Alin fault. U-Pb dating of the ore-bearing dike yielded an age of 103 Ma. The ores of the deposit, in addition to native gold, contain high concentrations of Ag, Bi, and Cu. A variety of bismuth minerals were found in the ores: sulfide (bismuthinite), telluride (hedleyite), sulfotellurides (tetradymite, joseite-А and joseite-В), Ag sulfobismuthite (matildite), Pb-Bi sulfosalts (aschamalmite, cannizzarite, cosalite, lillianite, nuffieldite, galenobismuthite), an intermetallic compound of gold (maldonite), and native bismuth. Silver minerals were also found: chloride (cerargyrite), sulfide (acanthite), and telluride (hessite). The typomorphic features of ore minerals and the geological structure of the Namovskoye deposit assign it to the gold deposits formed in a transform continental margin setting. A mantle source of ore mineralization is suggested.

Relevance. The complex picture of Th and U balance, their relationship with rare earth elements in natural waters of various compositions and the importance of these elements as indicators for hydrogeochemical constructions and conclusions determines the relevance of their study in different regions using modern analytical methods. Objects: content and balance of uranium and thorium in natural waters of three regions of the central Sikhote-Alin in the Primorsky Krai: "Shanduy", "Vanchin", "Bikin". Methods. 55 elements were detected by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) (spectrometer Agilent 7700x, Agilent Techn., USA). The second tube was used to determine five macrocations by atomic emission spectrometry (iCAP 7600 Duo spectrometer), as well as six anions by ion chromatography (ion liquid chromatograph LC-20, Shimadzu, Japan). Results. New data are presented on the content of radioactive elements (thorium and uranium), the value of Th/U, the content of rare earth elements in natural waters confined to the location of the kudurs (specific places of manifestation of lithophagy) in three regions geographically located in the central Sikhote-Alin of the Primorsky Krai: "Shanduy", "Vanchin", "Bikin". The average contents of radioactive (Th, U) and rare earth (La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu) elements in natural waters were established. The studied natural waters are ultrafresh and fresh with an average mineralization of 52,4 mg/l. U content in waters ranges from 0,005 to 1,067 mu g/l. Th concentration in water varies from 0,003 to 2,299 mu g/l. The thorium-uranium ratio in waters varies from 0,01 to 5,3. A positive relationship was found between the content of thorium in the waters and the amount of rare earth elements.

Based on the results of integrated geological and mineralogical-geochemical study of the ores of the Sredne-Golgotay gold-bismuth deposit using currently available analytical research methods, new data have been obtained re ecting typical features and nature of the manifestations of Au-Bi-Te mineralization.In the ore of Sredne-Golgotay deposit formed in different stages of the gold mining process are widely developed combinations of Bi-Te-S and Pb-Bi-Sb-S mineral systems, which are closely associated with native gold and are typomorphic indicators of the conditions of gold mineralization conditions.

The relevance of the research consists in studying hydrochemical river discharge as one of the main indicators of the ecological state of water objects. The main aim of the research is to obtain new knowledge on hydrochemical discharge of the rivers at southern Khabarovsk region, which are required for objective assessment of the ecological status of the region and for carrying out effective water protection measures. Objects of the research are the Amur River and seven lesser streams: Bikin, Khor, Podkhorenok, Bira, Kiya, Malaya Chirka, 2-ya Sedmaya. Methods. Concentration of major anions (Cl-, SO42-) were analyzed by ion chromatography (Shimadzu LC-10A); major cations (Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+), trace elements and rare earth elements - with ICP-MS (Agilent, 7500c) method. The hydrocarbonate ion (HCO3-) concentration was taken as the total alkalinity. It was analyzed by direct titration by Bruyevich method. The total mineralization (Sigma i) is the sum of concentrations of major river water elements. Results. In July 2011 the Amur River and seven lesser streams (Bikin, Khor, Podkhorenok, Bira, Kiya, Malaya Chirka, 2-aya Sedmaya), located at southern part of Khabarovsk region, were sampled and analyzed for their major elements, trace elements and rare earth elements. During summer flood river waters are low-mineralizated, Si does not exceed 50 mg/l. Ca2+ is the predominant cation and HCO3- is the major counter-ion for cations in all samples. High concentrations of dissolved Al, Fe u Pb were found in the surface waters of all the rivers studied. In the Malaya Chirka River there are high concentrations of dissolved Co, Cu, Mn and extremely high Cd, exceeding the average global concentrations in 40 times. The concentration of the other trace elements in the studied rivers is in general corresponded to their average global concentrations and is a characteristic of the natural regional background during summer floods. A regional level of total concentrations of soluble forms of rare earth elements (1,44-5,44 mu g/l) was established. The distribution and level of rare earth elements concentrations in the studied river waters reflect the overall composition of the watershed rocks. The calculated total daily fluxes of major elements, trace elements and rare earth elements, supplied by the Bira, Kiya, Podhorenok, Bikin, Khor and Amur rivers, equal to 61894, 377 and 2,21 t/day, respectively.

Integrated geological and mineralogical–geochemical study of the ores of the Sredne-Golgotay gold–bismuth deposit using high-precision analytical techniques allowed new data reflecting the typical features and nature of the Au–Bi–Te mineralization. The ores of the Sredne-Golgotay deposit were formed at different stages of gold-forming process and comprise widespread minerals of the Bi–Te–S and Pb–Bi–Sb–S systems, which are closely associated with native gold and represent typomorphic indicators of the conditions of gold mineralization formation.

Рассмотрен состав и генезис сурьмяно-мышьяковых сульфосолей Pb (Pb и Cu) в золотоносных рудах месторождения Березитовое (Верхнее Приамурье), расположенного в восточной части Монголо-Охотского орогенного пояса. Сульфосоли Pb (Pb и Cu) представлены цугаруитом, дюфренуазитом, буланжеритом, менегинитом, висмутовым менегинитом (с содержаниями Bi до 11,5 мас.%), а также минералами иорданит-геокронитового и бурнонит-зелигманитового рядов. Выявлены основные особенности взаимоотношений сульфосолей Pb с рудными и силикатными минералами в различных минеральных ассоциациях прожилковых руд, закономерности вариации их состава. Установлено, что сложные сурьмяно-мышьяковые сульфосоли Pb (Pb и Cu) образуют квазинепрерывные ряды твердых соединений, которые резко различаются между собой по соотношению в их составе полуметаллов, а также полуметаллов и Pb. Высказано предположение, что основные типоморфные особенности состава сурьмяно-мышьяковых сульфосолей Pb Березитового месторождения определяются специфическими процессами частичного плавления сульфидов при высокотемпературном метаморфизме первичных полиметаллических руд.

Composition and genesis of arsenium-antimony sulfosalts of lead from the gold-bearing ores of the Berezitovoe deposit located in the eastern part of Mongol-Okhotsk orogenic belt (Upper Amur Area) were considered. Lead sulfosalts (Cu and Pb) are presented by tsugaruite, dufrenoysite, boulangerite, menehinite, bismuthic menehinite (with Bi up to 11.5 mass%), as well as minerals of jordanite-geocronite and bournonite-seligmannite series. The studies have revealed basic features of the lead sulfosalts relationship with ore and silicate minerals in different mineral association of vain ores and regularities in their composition variations. It was found that the composite arsenium-antimony sulfosalts form quasicontinuous series of solid compounds strongly differing from each other by the rate of semimetals as well as semimetals-Pb ratio in their composition. The suggestion has been made that the main typomorphic features of composition of the arsenium-antimony sulfosalts of lead from ores of the Berezitovoe deposit were determined by the specific processes of partial melting of sulfides under the high temperature metamorphism of primary polymetallic ores.

The diatom flora of 14 hot springs belonging to four geothermal fields (Malkinsky, Nachikinsky, Paratunsky, and Mutnovsky) in the south-eastern Kamchatka, were surveyed in summer-autumn period of 2012, 2013, and 2015. The diatom flora is represented by 170 species (177 intraspecies taxa) from the Classes Coscinodiscophyceae, Fragilariophyceae, and Bacillariophyceae. Most common were 25 species found in periphyton communities and in floating algobacterial mats. The main dominants in the thermas were diatoms Pinnularia acidojaponica, Achnanthidium exiguum, Caloneis bacillum, Nitzschia amphibia, Rhopalodia acuminata, and Gomphonema parvulum. The algal communities of thermal springs are mainly composed of algae of cold waters that have adapted to high temperatures. As a rule, in acidic water with the chemical type: SO4-HCO3-Na-Ca and at temperature higher than 55 degrees C, species composition of diatom communities is significantly reduced. In the diatom flora, those that are benthic, indifferent to salinity, alkaliphilic, oligo- and beta-mesosaprobic, and widely distributed species are dominant.

The new data for the segregations, paragenetic assemblage, and composition of bismuthian jamesonite from gold–quartz mineralization at the Sredny Golgotai deposit located in the eastern part of the Mongolia–Okhotsk orogenic belt are reported. This mineral occurs as two varieties (I, II), which are slightly different in composition and chemically close to bismuthian jamesonite (“sakharovaite”) described from the Ustarasai deposit. In contrast to variety II, variety I is Cu- and Fe-free. The electron microprobe study has revealed that varieties I and II are close to jamesonite and tintinaite, respectively. The data obtained make it possible to conclude that individual sulfosalt species of the proper tintinaite and jamesonite series, which are close in composition, are probable members of the tintinaite–kobellite series. It is assumed that the Cu- and Fe-free variety of bismuthian jamesonite close in composition to “sakharovaite” is an individual mineral species.

АННОТАЦИЯ: Проведено исследование в разные годы летнего периода на реках Еврейской автономной области

The REE composition of modern mineral–organic associations in the sulfide ore hypergenesis zone of the Berezitovoe deposit in the Russian Far East was studied for the first time. It is shown that the mineral–organic associations widely abundant in the valley of Konstantinovskii Creek and represented by bright brown crusts on the surface of deluvial deposits were formed at the expense of the influence of acid highly mineralized mine waters from the Berezitovoe deposit. The mineral–organic associations found in the Creek valley may be considered as a new indicator for evaluation of the geoecological state of modern technogenic landscapes.

New data are presented on segregations and compositions of bournonite-seligmannite series of minerals in gold-bearing veinlets of the Beresitovoe deposit located in the eastern part of the Mongolia–Okhotsk Orogenic Belt. It was established that these minerals represent a discrete series of stoichiometric solid compounds with As formula coefficients varying from 0.2 to 1.2. It is shown that minerals of this series are characteristic of ore deposits that undergo high-grade metamorphism, the P–T conditions of which are sufficient for melting of primary sulfides.

The Berezitovoe deposit is a large‐sized Au–Ag–Zn–Pb deposit in the east of the Selenga–Stanovoi superterrane, Russia. Au–Ag orebodies are hosted by tourmaline‐garnet‐quartz‐muscovite metasomatic rocks; Zn–Pb orebodies are hosted by granodiorites, porphyritic granites and tourmaline‐garnet‐quartz‐muscovite metasomatic rocks. These orebodies are surrounded by wall rocks dominated by the Tukuringra Complex granodiorites, porphyritic granites, and gneissic granodiorites. The alteration includes silicification and garnet, sericitization chloritization, carbonatization and kaollinization. LA–ICP–MS U–Pb zircon dating indicates that the gold mineralization can be divided into two stages in the Berezitovoe polymetallic gold deposit (at 363.5 ± 1.5 Ma, and 133.4 ± 0.5). Hornblende–plagioclase gneisses of the Mogocha Group in the study area underwent Paleoproterozoic metamorphism (at 1870 ± 7.8 and 2400 ± 13 Ma), gneissic granodiorite of the Tukuringra Complex yields a late Paleozoic magmatic age (at 379.2 ± 1.1 Ma), and subalkaline porphyritic granitoid of the Amudzhikan Complex yield late Mesozoic magmatic ages (133–139 and 150–163 Ma). Granodiorites of the Tukuringra Complex in the study area have high concentrations of SiO 2 (average of 60.9 wt%), are aluminum‐oversaturated (average A/CNK of 1.49), are enriched in the large ion lithophile elements (e.g., K, Rb, and Ba), U, Th, and Pb, are depleted in high field strength elements (e.g., Ta, Nb, and Ti), and have slightly negative Eu and no Ce anomalies in chondrite‐normalized rare earth element diagrams. Fluid inclusions from quartz veins include three types: aqueous two‐phase, CO 2 ‐bearing three‐phase, and pure CO 2 . Aqueous two‐phase inclusions homogenize at 167°C–249°C and have salinities of 4.32%–9.47% NaCl equivalent, densities of 0.86–0.95 g/cm 3 , and formed at depths of 0.52–0.94 km. In comparison, the CO 2 ‐bearing three‐phase inclusions have homogenization temperatures of 265°C–346°C, salinities of 7.14%–11.57% NaCl equivalent, and total densities of 0.62–0.67 g/cm 3 . The geochemical and zircon U–Pb data and the regional tectonic evolution of the study area, show that the Berezitovoe polymetallic gold deposit formed in an island arc or active continental margin setting, most probably related to late Paleozoic subduction of Okhotsk Ocean crust beneath the Siberian Plate.

Relevance. Rare earth elements (REE) and parameters of the basic salt composition (BSC) are the indicators of the ecological state of river waters and they can be used for water subjects monitoring system. The aim of the research is a comprehensive study of the REE and BSC to identify the factors determining the anthropogenic load on the basins of the rivers of southern Primorye. Research methods. Concentration of major ions (Cl-, SO42-, Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+)were analyzed by ion chromatography (Shimadzu LC-20A), and REF were studied by mass spectrometry with an inductively coupled plasma (Thermo Finnigan Element 2). pH was measured by potentiometric method, total alkalinity was analyzed by direct titration by Bruyevich method, and total mineralization (Sigma n) is the total concentration of major ions. Results. Seasonal hydrochemical study of the BSC of southern Primorye rivers showed that river water is low-mineralized, average annual En does not exceed 100-150 mg/I. The investigation detected the significant increase in a part of sulfate ions in rivers Knevichanka, Razdolnaya and Artemovka during the spring flood, which is associated with fuel combustion in winter season, and household sewage. Regional level of total concentration of dissolved REE in the studied surface water varies from 0,16 to 2,72 mg/l. REE interval fluctuations in the water of some rivers is from 0,20 to 0,56 mg/I. High concentration of rare earth elements and dissolved salts in surface water of Razdolnaya, Artemovka, Knevichanka and Shkotovka rivers is associated with anthropogenic load on the basins of these rivers.

Data obtained by the authors show that the background level of the rare-earth element (REE) content in the surface waters of southern Russian Far East is irregular and varies from 0.1 to 1.3 mu g/l. The highest concentration of REE (0.48-1.3 mu g/l) is characteristic for the rivers of Eastern Sikhote-Alin and Central Sikhote-Alin, catchment areas which are situated within the Sikhote-Alin volcanic belt. The lowest REE concentration was noted in the waters of Western Sikhote-Alin (0.09 mu g/l). The profile of REE distribution in fresh waters of different areas of the region is uniform and is characterized with the deficit of Ce and enrichment of medium group REE.