The work is devoted to the study of the kinetics of colloidal gold formation. On the basis of experimental data, a kinetic model including the stages of Au3+ and Au1+ reduction with the formation of metallic gold nanoparticles was developed. A kinetic feature of the process is the presence of a long induction period (several hours), while an increase in the induction period is observed with increasing concentration of the initial reagent (Au3+). Kinetic modeling shows that the induction period is determined by the process of reverse oxidation of Au0 with intermediate formation of one-electron oxidized gold. The principal result is the demonstration of the fact of acceleration of the process gold nanoparticles formation (reduction of the induction period) when the final product (Au0) is introduced into the system, which is an unambiguous sign of the autocatalytic process. Estimates of rate constants of all elementary stages of the reaction have been made, the slowest process being the first stage of Au3+ reduction.

A method of injecting barium hexaferrite-based ferromagnetic implants into the brain of animals is proposed. Behavioral responses of mice to external magnetic influence after the introduction of non-toxic nanomagnetic particles of barium hexaferrite were studied. A decrease in the BOLD-signal value at nitric oxide "outflow" within the framework of the proposed kinetic model was shown.

This work is devoted to the kinetic analysis and modeling of patterns of the formation of nanoforms of metallic gold and mechanisms of the formation of metal macroparticles. The kinetics of the process in a steady state in solution and in a flow simulating the processes of deposit formation is considered. The autocatalytic nature of the synthesis of gold nanoparticles is shown, where the reverse oxidation of Au-0 by strong oxidizer Au3+ is of fundamental importance. The kinetic behavior of the system is modeled, depending on the initial concentration of the reagent (Au3+), concentrations of autocatalytic seeds (Au1+, Au-0), and the concentration of the reducing agent. The dependence of the multi-stage process on temperature is analyzed. The formation of a gold placer in a flow is modeled mathematically, based on the theory of ideal displacement reactors. The model includes a zone of dispersed mineral gold (or nanodistributed gold), a zone of the hydroflow, and a zone of coagulation in the formation of macroparticles on a metal nucleus (a zone of precipitation). Calculations are made of the dependence of reagent distribution on the concentration of the reducing component, the rate of hydraulic flow, the concentration of coagulants, and the precipitation of seeds.

A kinetic model of functioning of synapses and synaptic circuits responsible for cognitive function was developed. Cholinergic synapse functioning upon a change in the neurotransmitter concentration and acetylcholinesterase activity was analyzed in the framework of this model, and the principles of formation of a “neuroimage” and a “conduction track” in the synaptic system were explained. The effects of signal intensity, impulse frequency, receptor desensitization rate, and acetylcholinesterase expression level were analyzed. The dynamic regularities of the system behavior under constant neuron excitation (variant of stroke and action of nerve agents) were constructed. The kinetic trends upon blocking of acetylcholine receptors by physiologically active compounds and drugs were determined. The kinetic model of the synapse system was modified with involvement of elements of the mathematical theory of neural networks (artificial intelligence) with the definition of “ideal synapse” and “ideal synaptic network”.

A kinetic study of the effect of thermoheliox (inhalation of a helium and oxygen mixture, 70 °C) on the functional hemodynamics of the human brain by functional magnetic resonance imaging was carried out. The dynamic responses of the BOLD signal were found to be biphasic. An empirical equation describing the first phase of the hemodynamic response to visual stimulus was proposed. It was shown that preliminary inhalation of thermoheliox stimulates the hemodynamic responses by slowing down the vasoconstriction.

An experimental study of the dynamics of the BOLD (blood oxygen level dependent) signal by functional magnetic resonance imaging was carried out. It was found that the dynamic responses of the BOLD-signal, have a biphasic character. Through kinetic modeling methods, it was shown that the biphasic nature of the hemodynamic response is based on negative feedback, with Ca2+ pulse inhibited by vasodilation products (NO and prostaglandin). The effect of thermoheliox (inhalation of a mixture of helium and oxygen at 70 degrees C) on functional hemodynamics was studied. It was shown that preliminary inhalation of thermoheliox stimulates and prolongs hemodynamic impulses.

A kinetic model of the dynamics of a multipathway mechanism of neurovascular coupling induced by nerve impulses was constructed. The model calculations were compared with experimental data on the changes in the blood oxygen level dependent signal during sensory-motor and visual excitation before and after the use of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug indomethacin. The influence of the catalytic activity of key enzymes on the dynamics of the neurovascular response in the proposed model is shown. The multipathway mechanism of the biochemical reactions provides stability of the neurovascular coupling during various possible catalytic activities of the key enzymes in the process.

The high efficiency of using thermoheliox (inhalation with a high-temperature mixture of helium and oxygen) in the treatment of patients affected by COVID-19 was shown. The dynamics of accumulation of IgG, IgM, and C-reactive protein (CRP) in patients with coronavirus infection in the “working” and control groups was studied experimentally. It was shown that thermoheliox intensifies the synthesis of IgG, IgM, and CRP antibodies, while eliminating the induction period on the kinetic curves of the synthesis of specific antibodies in the IgG form and transfers the synthesis of CRP to a fast phase. The results of experiments confirm the previously obtained data based on the analysis of the kinetic model of the development of coronaviral infection in the human body.

A kinetic model of the development of acute viral infection is proposed and the dynamic behavior of key variables, including the concentrations of viral particles, infected cells, and pathogenic microorganisms, is described. The change in the hydrogen ion concentration in the lungs and pH dependence of the activity of carbonic anhydrase, a key respiration enzyme, are critical factors. An acute bifurcation transition determining either the life or collapse of the system is demonstrated. The transition is associated with exponential increase in the concentrations of participants in the process and with functioning of the key enzyme, carbonic anhydrase. A physicochemical interpretation is given for the therapeutic effect of temperature rise and potential therapeutic effect of "thermoheliox", that is, breathing by heated helium-oxygen mixture.

A kinetic model describing the dynamics of synaptic "discharge" taking into account the kinetics of the injection of the neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft, the pH-dependence of the catalytic activity of the enzyme, and diffusion withdrawal of protons is proposed. The model provides a physicochemical explanation for a number of important physiological phenomena, such as the neuromuscular paralysis, the molecular mechanism of neurological memory, and the effect of some neurotoxins and drugs.

The locus of real and complex roots of algebraic equations are constructed in this paper. Calculations of specific equations show that the location of their roots depends on the type of equation.

A kinetic model describing the dynamics of synaptic “discharge”, taking into account the kinetics of the neurotransmitter injection into the synaptic cleft, pH dependence of the enzyme catalytic activity, and proton removal by diffusion was proposed and studied. In the framework of the kinetic model, functioning of the cholinergic synapse was considered. The results of mathematical modeling of the change in the acetylcholine level, induced pH impulse, and the effect of the impulse transmission frequency and acetylcholinesterase inhibition are presented. A physicochemical interpretation was given for a number of key important physiological phenomena, such as neuromuscular paralysis, the mechanism of information recording and storage in the neurological memory, the action of nerve poisons and toxins, and Alzheimer’s disease.

A kinetic model is proposed to describe the key features of development of an acute viral infection, accumulation of antibodies, and immune response in the human body. The general features of immune system stimulation by thermoheliox are described. The model can be used for developing the basis for the application of thermoheliox in the treatment of patients affected by coronavirus.

In this paper, we will discuss the use of t-Не/О 2 in the treatment of patients with the viral disease COVID-19. The aim of the study is to evaluate the effect of thermal helium-oxygen therapy on viral load, inflammatory markers, and antibody synthesis. Methods . A single-center, randomized, prospective study included 60 patients with COVID-19. Patients were divided into two groups: 1 ( n = 30; 17 male, 13 female) – t-Не/О 2 therapy was included in the standard COVID-19 treatment Protocol; 2 ( n = 30; 16 male, 14 female) – standard therapy in accordance with the clinical recommendations of Healthcare Ministry of Russia for patients with COVID-19. Of the 60 patients included in the study, 28 (46.7%) were medical professionals. The median age of patients in the study was 56.7 (45 – 61) years old. In the group 1 – 58 (45 – 59.5) years old, in the group 2 – 55 (46 – 66) years old. All patients had a positive test of SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus RNA, CT signs of “ground-glass opacity” type lung damage, and areas of air space consolidation. Patients were comparable by gender, age, body mass index (BMI), area of lesion of the pulmonary parenchyma, laboratory data. Results . As a result of the use of t-Не/О 2 , the elimination of the SARS-CoV-2 virus occurred within 48 – 72 hours from the start of inhalation and was confirmed by PCR test. The following changes were found in all patients: synthesis of IgM and IgG antibodies, increase in lymphocytes level, decrease of C-reactive protein, restoration of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels, D-dimer, and ferritin. These signs became more pronounced in the 1 st group within 72 – 168 hours, compared with the 2 nd group, where these results were achieved on the 10 th day of therapy. Conclusion . Тhe inclusion of thermal inhalation a gas mixture of helium and oxygen (t-Не/О 2 ) in the standard therapy of patients carrying infectious disease caused by SARS-CоV-2 with CT signs of COVID-19 pneumonia (СT1, CT2 grades) reduces the viral load by stimulating antibody synthesis, as the type of immunoglobulin G, and immunoglobulin M causing the effect of “termovaccination”; increases the effectiveness of treatment, reducing the markers of inflammation.

Kinetic modeling of the behavior of complex chemical and biochemical systems is an effective approach to study of the mechanisms of the process. A kinetic model of coronaviral infection development with a description of the dynamic behavior of the main variables, including the concentration of viral particles, affected cells, and pathogenic microflora, is proposed. Changes in the concentration of hydrogen ions in the lungs and the pH -dependence of carbonic anhydrase activity (a key breathing enzyme) are critical. A significant result is the demonstration of an acute bifurcation transition that determines life or system collapse. This transition is connected with exponential growth of concentrations of the process participants and with functioning of the key enzyme carbonic anhydrase in development of toxic effects. Physical and chemical interpretations of the therapeutic effects of the body temperature rise and the potential therapeutic effect of "thermoheliox" (respiration with a thermolized mixture of helium and oxygen) are given. The phenomenon of "thermovaccination" is predicted, which involves stimulation of the immune response by "thermoheliox".

A kinetic model describing the pulse of increased oxygen concentrations and the subsequent changes in the concentration of N-acetylaspartate in the excited nervous tissue of the human brain in response to an external signal is presented. The model is based on biochemical data, a multistage and nonlinear dynamic process the BOLD signal and N-acetylaspartate. The existence of multiple steady states explains the triggering effect of the system. The inhibitory effect of the substrate is a necessary factor for the autostabilization of N-acetylaspartate. The kinetic model allows the dynamic behavior of previously unmeasurable metabolites, namely, products of the hydrolysis of N-acetylaspartate, such as acetic and aspartic acid, and glutamic acid to be predicted. Kinetic modeling of the BOLD signal and the subsequent hydrolysis of N-acetylaspartate provides information about the biochemical and dynamic characteristics of some pathological conditions (schizophrenia, Canavan disease, and the superexcitation of the neural network).