Metal-organic coordination polymer [Zn7O2(tr2btd)2(1,4-ndc)6]·2tr2btdn representing an inclusion compound of free ligand molecules in the pores of the 3D framework is synthesized by the interaction of zinc 4,7-di(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole (tr2btd) nitrate and 1,4-naphthalene dicarboxylic acid (1,4-H2ndc). Features of the interaction of guest molecules with the framework are investigated by single crystal X-ray diffraction, IR spectroscopy, and quantum chemical calculations. The study of the luminescent properties of compounds shows a bathochromic shift of the emission maximum that is unusual for coordination polymers with tr2btd as a linker. Quantum chemical calculations at the density functional theory level reveals charge transfer between the guest molecule and the framework during emission.

Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a progressive hepatocellular inflammation of unknown etiology, accompanied by the process of liver fibrosis. Damage in the liver is associated with the formation of highly reactive molecules that contain unpaired electrons (free radicals), which in turn induce lipid peroxidation, leading to the development of mitochondrial dysfunction. Mitochondrial DAMPs released from damaged hepatocyte mitochondria (with mtDNA as the main active component) directly activate hepatic stellate cells and cause liver scarring. Assessing cellular metabolism can be done by examining the activity of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), a key enzyme involved in both the tricarboxylic acid cycle and OXPHOS. Aim. to examine indicators of cellular immunity and succinate dehydrogenase activity in lymphocyte populations at different stages of liver fibrosis in children with type I AIH.. Materials and methods. During hospitalization, 69 children with AIH type I, aged 12 to 18 years, Me=15.5 [12.8;16.9], were examined. 62 healthy children made up the comparison group. The stage of liver fibrosis was assessed using the FibroScan F502. The subpopulation composition of lymphocytes and the activity of succinate dehydrogenase in them were assessed using flow cytometry. The following lymphocyte populations were evaluated: T-lymphocytes, activated T-cells, B-lymphocytes, NK cells, CD16/56+CD3+ lymphocytes, cytotoxic T-lymphocytes, T-helpers, including small populations: activated T-helpers, regulatory T-cells, Th17 lymphocytes. Statistica 10.0 (USA) program was used for statistical data processing. Results. The study included 47 girls and 22 boys. Children with AIH were on standard therapy with glucocorticosteroids for 2.6 [1.1;5.4] years. In 53 children, AIH occurred in combination with gastroduodenitis (76.8% of observations), in 12 children – with gastroesophageal reflux disease (17% of observations). 7 children had comorbid autoimmune diseases or a combination of them: 5 patients had autoimmune thyroiditis (7% of cases), 2 children had vitiligo (3% of cases), as well as type 1 diabetes mellitus, juvenile rheumatoid arthritis and celiac disease in one case (1.5%), 3 children (5% of cases) had multiple autoimmune syndrome. In children with AIH, an increase in the relative content of T cells and T helper cells was detected. The relative number of NK cells and B cells was reduced in all stages of AF relative to the comparison group. A significant increase in the absolute number of Thact and Tregs was obtained at all stages of fibrosis relative to the comparison group, while the relative number of Thact (% CD4+) was significantly higher only at stages F0, F3 and F4, and the relative number of Tregs (% CD4+) was significantly higher only at stages F0 and F4. The proportion of Th17 lymphocytes (% CD4+) was significantly reduced relative to the comparison group at stages F0 and F2. From the F0 to F3 stage, the relative number of B cells decreased, and then significantly increased by the F4 stage. The proportion of T helper cells, Tregs and Thact in most patients was higher than the comparison group, however, no significant differences were found between different stages. The proportion of Th17 lymphocytes increased with increasing stage of liver fibrosis, the maximum values were detected at stage F4. A study of SDH revealed a significant decrease in the activity of this enzyme in all populations of lymphocytes. The greatest decrease in activity was detected in double negative CD3+CD4-CD8- cells by 18.5% and NK cells by 17.5% relative to the comparison group. In the populations of Th17 and Treg lymphocytes, SDH activity was significantly lower in the state of exacerbation of the disease, relative to in the state of remission. Analysis of SDH activity indicators depending on the stage of liver fibrosis revealed a nonlinear relationship: in the populations of T-helpers, T-cytotoxic and Thact – an increase to stage F2-3, and then a decrease to stage F4. SDH activity in the population of Th17 lymphocytes increased maximally at the F1 stage and subsequently decreased to the F4 stage. With increasing stage of liver fibrosis, SDH activity significantly increased in the Treg population, but did not reach normative values. Children with autoimmune hepatitis need clinical observation and strict monitoring of the development of the disease. Conclusion. The subpopulation composition of peripheral blood lymphocytes and the activity of succinate dehydrogenase in lymphocyte populations objectively reflect the severity of the patient’s condition at the time of examination and can be used for additional laboratory assessment of the progression of liver fibrosis. The identified signs of mitochondrial dysfunction justify the use of correction of metabolic disorders as a therapy that improves the basic treatment of patients with type 1 AIH.

Abstract Background Upadacitinib (UPA) is a novel selective JAK-1 inhibitor that has demonstrated efficacy in the treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) and has received regulatory approval in adults only. Current data on the efficacy of this drug in children are limited. We report our experience in the treatment of pediatric patients with UC and CD with failure of immunosuppressive and biologic therapies. The aim of this study was to evaluate short-term effectiveness and safety UPA therapy in children with IBD. Methods Disease activity was monitored using clinical PUCAI/PCDAI scores, faecal calprotectin (FC), C-reactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), platelet. Hemoglobin (Hb), leukocyte, total cholesterol, prothrombin time, INR - international normalized ratio, fibrinogen, activated partial thromboplastin time, thrombin time were evaluated to assess side effects. At baseline biochemical and previous therapies were recorded. Results We performed a prospective analysis of clinical outcomes from January to October 2023 during UPA therapy 11 children aged 12 to 16 years (4 boys, 7 girls) 3 with UС and 8 with CD. All 11 children had received immunosuppressive and biological therapies prior to UPA prescription without success. UPA induction was administered in UC for 8 weeks and CD for 12 weeks at a dose of 45 mg once a day, then 15 mg once a day as maintenance. At the beginning 2 (18%) of 11 children had high PUCAI/PCDAI disease activity and remain 9 (82%) had mild disease activity. Elevated white blood cells was determined in 3 (27%) out of 11 children, platelet increase in 9 (82%) children, and Hb less than 110 g/L in 6 (54%) children, elevation of ESR and CRP was observed in 7 (63%) subjects. FC was elevated in 5 (62.5%) out of 8 children. Total cholesterol was normal in all patients, coagulation tests showed increased fibrinogen in 3 out of 11 children. After induction 3 (27%) of 11 children achieved remission and 8 (73%) had clinical response according to the PUCAI/PCDAI score. Elevated white blood cells was detected in 2 (18%) and decrease Hb persisted in 3 (27%) out of 11 children, elevation of ESR persisted in 5 (45%) and CRP in 6 (54%) of 11 children. FC was elevated in 6 (75%) out 8 patients. Total cholesterol and the coagulation tests remained within normal range. Side effects were not observed and UPA maintenance treatment was continued in all children. Conclusion In this real-world experience in drug-resistant pediatric patients with UC and CD we verified the efficacy and safety of UPA, but longer follow-up is needed.

В результате взаимодействия 2,6-бис(3,5-дикарбоксифенокси)пиридина (H4L) с нитратом ланатана(III) в смеси ацетонитрил-вода, 1:1 синтезирован координационный полимер состава {[La(HL)(H4L)(H2O)4]·2H2O}n. По данным РСА, соединение является линейным координационным полимером, цепочки которого связаны π-π стэкинговыми взаимодействиями и водородными связями в трехмерную супрамолекулярную сеть. Координационный полимер проявляет внутрилигандную люминесценцию с максимумом эмиссии 392 нм.

Coordination polymers of cadmium(II) with the di(pyrazol-1-yl)alkane derivatives, bis(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl)methane-4,4′-dicarboxylic acid (H2L1) and 1,3-bis(pyrazol-1-yl)propane-4,4′-dicarboxylic acid (H2L2), are synthesized. The crystal structures of the products are determined by X-ray diffraction (CIF files CCDC nos. 2172853 (I) and 2172854 (II)). The Cd2+ ions and dicarboxylic acid with one methylene group between the pyrazole cycles form a three-dimensional coordination polymer with a single mutual intergrowing of coordination networks, whereas three methylene groups result in the formation of a two-dimensional coordination polymer, the layers of which are linked by hydrogen bonds involving water molecules in the coordination sphere of the Cd2+ ions. The luminescence spectra of the synthesized coordination polymers exhibit two bands: with the local intraligand excitation and with the metal–ligand charge transfer.

A three-dimensional coordination polymer was synthesized by the reaction of zinc(ii) nitrate with 4,7-(4-carboxyphenyl)-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole and di(imidazol-1-yl)methane. The crystal structure of the new compound was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. In the structure of the metal-organic framework, the trinuclear secondary building units are connected to each other to form a uninodal eight-connected net with the symbol {33.418.55.62}. This topology has not been previously found in coordination polymers. The framework contains channels with dimensions of 7×8 Å2. The solvent-accessible volume is 24%. The compound exhibits emission with a maximum at 524 nm upon excitation at 395 nm. The photoluminescence quantum yield is 19%.

By the interaction of 2,6-bis(3,5-dicarboxyphenoxy)pyridine (H4L) with lanthanum(III) nitrate in a 1:1 acetonitrile–water mixture a coordination polymer {[La(HL)(H4L)(H2O)4]·2H2O}n is synthesized. According to single crystal X-ray diffraction data, the compound is a linear coordination polymer whose chains are organized into a 3D supramolecular network by π–π stacking interactions and hydrogen bonds. The coordination polymer exhibits intraligand luminescence with the emission maximum at 392 nm.

The reactions of 1-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)adamantane with cadmium(ii) chloride, bromide, and iodide were studied. The crystal structures of the synthesized coordination compounds were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Cadmium(ii) chloride and bromide form 1D coordination polymers, in which cadmium ions are bridged by two halide ions, whereas cadmium(ii) iodide forms a discrete complex with a tetrahedral environment of the cadmium ion. in all compounds, the organic ligand is coordinated in a monodentate fashion through nitrogen atoms at the 4 positions of the 1,2,4-triazole rings. The quantum yield of ligand-centered luminescence of the halide complexes increases in the series of halogens from chlorine to iodine and reaches 35% for the iodide complex.

Methods of micro-profiling of 4H-SiC are described: formation of mesa structures with inclined walls (off-vertical wall inclination angle exceeding 45°) by reactive ion etching; etching of mesa structures with a flat bottom and inclined walls (off-vertical wall inclination angle being smaller than 45°) by ion-beam and reactive ion plasma etching. The application of etching methods in the fabrication technology of 4H-SiC-based mesa-epitaxial field-effect transistors with a Schottky gate is demonstrated.

Abstract Background CD39, CD73 ectonucleotidases convert extracellular ATP (eATF) to adenosine. eATF is known to have pro-inflammatory activity, and adenosine has anti-inflammatory activity. It was shown decreasement CD39 expression on regulatory T lymphocytes (Treg) during exacerbation in adult patients with IBD. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of CD39 on Treg and Th17 lymphocytes (Th17) in children with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) with different responses to anti-TNF therapy. Methods The study included 68 children with IBD (CD 35 patients, UC 33 patients) aged 4–18 years with duration of the disease from 6 months till 15 years. All patients were treated with anti-TNF (infliximab, adalimumab) during 11–86 weeks. Clinical response was evaluated according to PUCAI (UC) and PCDAI (CD) scores. Group 1 (n = 35) included patients with exacerbation during anti-TNF therapy, in Group 2 (n = 25) patients with sustained remission. The expression of CD39 on Treg (CD3CD4CD25CD127low) and Th17 cells (CD3CD4CD161) was determined by flow cytometry (NovoCyte Acea Biosciences, Inc.). Statistical analysis was performed using nonparametric Mann–Whitney test and ROC analysis (SPSS Statistics 20). Results It were observed inflammatory activity increasement according to PUCAI (Med 40 [30–65], p = 0.8 × 10–5) and PCDIA scores (Med 28.8 [15–55], p = 1.2 × 10–5) in Group 1 in comparison with Group 2. The amount of Treg expressing CD39 (Treg CD39) was 6–58% from Treg (6–80 cl/μl), and the amount of Th17 with the CD39 marker (Th17CD39) was 0.5–57% (2–49 cl/μl). A direct correlation was revealed between TregCD39 and Th17CD39 (r=0.55 p = 1 × 10–6). It was shown that the number of TregCD39 and Th17CD39 does not depend on the age of the child. However, with an increase in the duration of the disease, a decrease in the absolute amount of Th17CD39 is observed (r = −0.3, p = 0.016). In patients Group 1 there was a significant reduction of CD39 expression on Treg (p = 0.00002) and on Th17 (p = 0.0009) compared with a Group 2 in both diseases. The dependence of TregCD39 on PUCAI (r = −0.5 p = 0.013) and PCDAI (r = −0.43 p = 0.03) was revealed. ROC analysis showed that the cut-off level for groups 1 and 2 is 31.7% for TregCD39 (AUC=0.77; Se 69%, Sp 68%) and 37 cl/μl (AUC=0.907; Se 88%, Sp 88%). Cut-off level for the absolute amount of Th17CD39 was 21 cl/μl (AUC=0.888; Se 79%, Sp 81%). Conclusion The decreasement in the amount of TregCD39 below 31 cl/μl and Th17CD39 below 21 cl/μl is associated with an exacerbation of the disease. The expression level of ectonucleotidase CD39 on Treg and Th17 in children with IBD receiving anti-TNF therapy is independent of age and allows to differentiate the state of remission and exacerbation.

Рассмотрены вопросы, связанные с надежностью силовых 4H-SiC диодов Шоттки при кратковременных электрических перегрузках в обратном направлении (при работе диодов в импульсном лавинном режиме). В частности, обсуждается влияние неоднородности лавинного пробоя по площади диода на величину максимальной лавинной энергии (МЛЭ), которая может быть рассеяна диодом до того, как в нем произойдет вторичный тепловой пробой. Для оценки того, насколько однороден лавинный пробой, предложено сравнивать измеренную импульсную обратную вольт-амперную характеристику (ВАХ) диода с расчетной ВАХ идеального квазиодномерного диода. Проведены измерения обратных ВАХ промышленных 4H-SiC ДШ: через диоды пропускались одиночные импульсы лавинного тока длительностью ~1 μs; в процессе измерений амплитуда импульсов поднималась до величин, при которых происходил катастрофический отказ диодов. Показано, что увеличенное дифференциальное сопротивление диодов на лавинном участке ВАХ и пониженное экстраполированное напряжение пробоя (по сравнению с их расчетными значениями для идеальных диодов) предсказывают снижение величины МЛЭ. Ключевые слова: карбид кремния, диод Шоттки, лавинный пробой, надежность.

Abstract Background The transcription factor NF-kB is a regulator of innate and adaptive immunity through the activation of various pro and anti-inflammatory mediators. The aim of this study was to assess the prognostic value of changes in the level of NF-kB translocation in lymphocyte populations in response to infusion of TNF blockers in children with IBD. Methods There were examined 44 children with IBD (27-CD, 17-UC) and 20 conditionally healthy children aged 3–18 years. Patient status (exacerbation, remission) was assessed by the PUCAI (UC) and PCDIA (CD) indices. There were determined the percentage of cells with NF-kB translocation in populations CD3+CD4+ (Th), CD3+CD8+(Tc), CD3-CD19+ (B cells), CD3-CD16 / 56+(NK cells), CD3+CD4+CD161+ (Th17), CD3+CD4+CD25highCD127low (Tregs) with NF-kB translocation kit using flow cytometry ImageStreamX MKII (Amnis) before infusion of TNF blockers (infliximab, adalimumab), one day after infusion and after 6 months therapy. Statistical evaluation was performed using a nonparametric Mann–Whitney test. The results are presented as the median per cent of cells with NF-kB translocation (Me [Q 0.25-Q 0.75]). Results It was observed an increased level of NF-kB translocation in B-lymphocytes (Me 64 [53–81] – Me 38 [33–45]; p = 6 × 10−5), NK cells (Me 40 [33 -55] – Me 21 [18–26]; p = 4x10-4), Tc (Me 20 [15–24] – Me 16 [13–17]; p = 0.03), Th17 (Me 23 [21–28] – Me 18 [16–19]; p = 0.005) in children with exacerbation compared with remission. The level of NF-kB translocation in populations of lymphocytes during the period of clinical endoscopic remission did not differ from conditionally healthy children. The correlation between the level of NF-kB translocation and the number of cells in the studied lymphocyte populations was not found. In children with IBD after infusion of TNF blockers, a decrease the level of NF-kB translocation in NK cells was observed (Me 27.3 [23.5–39.1] – Me 17.7 [16.5–26.5]; p = 0,03) and an increase in Tregs (Me 18.9 [16.91–20.8] – Me 26.9 [19.4–31.9]; p = 0.0015). Conclusion The level of NF-kB translocation reflects the functional activity of major and small populations of lymphocytes. An increase in activity of Tregs in response to the administration of TNF blockers allows predicting a positive outcome from therapy over the next 6 months. If there is no Tregs reaction in response to the administration of TNF blockers, treatment tactics should be reassessed.

This paper describes the laboratory samples of high-voltage (1560 V) fast recovery (20 ns) avalanche diodes based on silicon carbide (SiC). It is shown that the fabricated diodes are capable of dissipating energy up to 2.9 J/cm 2 in the mode of single avalanche current pulses (1-μs pulse duration). The numerical computation of the unsteady heat process shows that self-heating by an avalanche pulse causes the local temperature in the base of the diodes to reach at least 1100 K.

Abstract Methods of micro-profiling of 4 H -SiC are described: formation of mesa structures with inclined walls (off-vertical wall inclination angle exceeding 45°) by reactive ion etching; etching of mesa structures with a flat bottom and inclined walls (off-vertical wall inclination angle being smaller than 45°) by ion-beam and reactive ion plasma etching. The application of etching methods in the fabrication technology of 4 H -SiC-based mesa-epitaxial field-effect transistors with a Schottky gate is demonstrated.

Reactions of adamantylazoles with nucleophiles (water, carbon monoxide, acetonitrile) in sulfuric acid were studied. New bifunctional adamantane derivatives containing one heterocyclic substituent and one hydroxyl or acetamide substituent were synthesized. The coordination compounds of copper(II) and zinc(II) with 1-adamantyl-1,2,4-triazole, 4-adamantylpyrazole, and 4-adamantyl-3,5-dimethylpyrazole were synthesized and structurally characterized. These complexes are first examples of coordination compounds of azolyladamantanes.

We consider problems associated with the reliability of high-power 4 H -SiC Schottky diodes (SDs) during short-term electric overloads in the reverse direction (for diodes operating in the pulsed avalanche regime). In particular, we analyze the effect of nonuniformity of an avalanche breakdown over the diode area on the maximal avalanche energy (MAE) that can be dissipated by the diode prior to its secondary thermal breakdown. For estimating the uniformity of an avalanche breakdown, we propose that the measured pulse reverse current–voltage ( I – V ) characteristic of the diode be compared with the calculated I – V characteristic of an ideal quasi-one-dimensional diode. We measured reverse I – V characteristics of commercial 4 H -SiC SDs: single avalanche current pulses with a duration of ~1 μs were passed through the diodes; during measurements, the pulse amplitudes grew to values for which a catastrophic failure of diodes occurred. It is shown that an increase in the differential resistance of diodes on the avalanche segment of the I – V curve and a decrease in the extrapolated breakdown voltage (as compared to values calculated for ideal diodes) can lead to a decrease in the MAE.

An organic ligand 1-(1H-benzimidazol-1-ylmethyl)-1H-benzotriazole (bta) and two zinc complexes of the composition [Zn(bta)2Hal2] (Hal = Cl, Br) were synthesized. The crystal structure of the complex [Zn(bta)2Cl2] was determined and its features were discussed. According to X-ray diffraction data, the central atom has a tetrahedral environment composed of two nitrogen atoms from two ligand molecules coordinated in monodentate mode and two terminal chloride ions. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations of the ligand and complex [Zn(bta)2Cl2] were carried out. A study of the luminescence properties of the compounds synthesized suggests that excitation of the zinc complexes gives rise to a dual-band luminescence similar to that of the free ligand. Most probably, the emission originates from π—π* and π—π* intra-ligand transitions.

Abstract Background Anaemia is a frequent extraintestinal manifestation of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and its severity leads to a deterioration in patient’s condition. Timely diagnosis and pathogenetic therapy are important for the effective treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the current cell indexes obtained from automatic blood analyser to identify the pathogenetic features of anaemia in children with IBD. Methods A total of 1400 blood samples were analysed in 420 children with IBD (177—Crohn’s disease (CD) and 243—ulcerative colitis (UC)) followed up in our centre in 2018–2019. A blood test was performed by flow hemocytometry on an automatic blood analyser Sysmex XN 1000. The evaluated parameters were: MCV, MCH, MCHC, RET, IFR and RET-He. Anaemia was established with haemoglobin level <110 g/l. Clinical activity was evaluated according PUCAI (UC) and PCDAI (CD) scores. Results Anaemia was detected in 31.7% of patients with UC and in 26.8% of patients with CD. Decreasing of Hb level was observed in both diseases with an increasing in the clinical activity. The average Hb levels in CD in remission, moderate and severe activity were 132.15 ± 17.07, 120.51 ± 18.28 and 105.06 ± 12.46 g/l, respectively; in children with UC with remission, minimal, moderate and severe activity 124.86 ± 16.01; 114.53 ± 15.56; 109.71 ± 20.34 and 96.09 ± 16.52 g/l, respectively. In patients with CD, anaemia was predominantly hypochromic: the average values of MCV, MCH and RET-He indicates a leading role the bioavailable iron deficiency and corresponded to those in CD remission: 82.8 ± 7.0 fl, 27.35 ± 3.02 pg and 31.28 ± 3.82 pg; in low/moderate CD activity: 78.93 ± 7.49 fl, 25.29 ± 3.51 pg, 28.62 ± 5.1 pg; in high CD activity: 74.7 ± 6.74 fl, 22.99 ± 2.69 pg, 27.14 ± 4.99 pg, respectively. RET count in CD was moderate and equal 58–68 cell/ml. With an increase in the UC process activity, hypochromia was not enhanced: MCV in the range 79–82 fl, MCH—25–26 pg. RET-He in remission of UC were 30.22 ± 3.95 pg; in minimal activity—28.93 ± 4.96 pg; in moderate activity—27.99 ± 4.62 pg and only with high activity of UC there was a decreasement to 25.21 ± 4.99 pg. In UC the level of RET and IFR increases with increasing severity of the disease: 57.75 ± 17.48‰, 63.31 ± 31.12‰, 77.29 ± 41.81‰, 111.29 ± 78,9‰ and IFR 11.62 ± 5.235%, 15.69 ± 8.065%, 18.97 ± 8.385%, 26.97 ± 9.785%, respectively. This suggests that anaemia in UC is mainly associated with blood loss. Conclusion Anaemia in different forms of IBD in children has different pathogenetic mechanisms. Evaluation of current parameters of red blood cells by modern automatic blood count analyser is cheap and informative for the differential diagnosis of anaemic syndrome in children with IBD.

AbstractTransient process in a resistor–capacitor (RC) circuit with a reverse-biased 4 H -SiC p – n diode as the capacitive element is simulated. Simulation is performed with the ATLAS software module from the SILVACO TCAD system for technology computer-aided design (TCAD). An alternative way, to that in ATLAS, to set the parameters of doping impurities partly ionized in 4 H -SiC at room temperature is suggested. (The INCOMPLETE physical model available in the ATLAS module, which describes the incomplete ionization of doping impurities in semiconductors, is unsuitable for simulating the dynamic characteristics of devices.) The simulation results are discussed in relation to previously obtained experimental results.