Исследованы особенности низкотемпературной теплоемкости, транспортные характеристики фононов в области гелиевых температур и наноструктурные неоднородности в монокристаллах твердых растворов эрбиевых моноалюминатов YAlO3 : Er, синтезированных методом направленной кристаллизации.

The low-temperature specific heat, the transport characteristics of phonons at the helium temperatures, and the nanostructural heterogeneities in the erbium monoaluminate YAlO3:Er solid solution single crystals synthesized by directional solidification are studied.

The microstructures of a commercial aluminum foil and an aluminum foil alloyed by 0.001 wt % scandium are studied before and after electrochemical etching. The strength properties, the capacitance, and the weldability of the foils subjected to electrochemical etching are investigated. We are the first to show that the alloying of aluminum by such a low amount of scandium affects the microstructure of a foil and is sufficient for increasing the strength properties, the capacitance, and the weldability of the aluminum foil used for capacitors.

In the present paper, the possibility of the formation of the tautomeric structure of potassium orotate and magnesium orotate in the solid state is discussed. Using ball milling, we have received the orotate samples with the predominant content of hydroxy and dihydroxy forms. The crystalline and tautomeric structures have been analyzed by XRD, IR, NEXAFS and XPS spectroscopy. There is a slight difference in the water solubility of the orotate tautomers, but the physicochemical properties (viscosity and volumetric thermal expansion coefficients) of tautomers' water solutions significantly differ. The above differences are related to variation of hydration area of orotate anions due to the composition of the functional groups being changed together with the structure of tautomers. The residual differences in the tautomeric structure of solid orotates formed during the milling process are observed in the orotate water solutions for 1.5-2.5 hours. The biological activity of the water solution of a hydroxy form relative to erythrocytes and epithelial cells is higher than that of oxo- and dihydroxy-form water solutions.

Purpose. To  evaluate experimentally the  processes  of reparative regeneration  in  ocular  tissues  during  implantation of  mechanically activated biomaterial based on human placenta into connective-tissue structures of eyeball. Material and methods . The researches in vivo were performed in 144 rabbit eyes. For the first experimental group, there was implanted the bio-container (BC) with mechanically activated placenta on the eye sclera. For the second experimental group the BC with the coarsely chopped placenta was used, in the first control group – the BC without the placenta filling, in the second control group the conjunctiva was cut without the BC implantation. There were carried out standard methods of histological study,  as well as atomic force microscopy (AFM),  laser confocal microscopy, luminescence spectroscopic analysis, determination  of expression to proteins: Ki-67, Caspase-3 and vimentin. Results. Processes of reparative regeneration in form of fibroblastic reactions, collagen formation and  neovasculogenesis progressed  1.4 times more actively in the first experimental group comparing to the implantation of the  coarsely chopped analogue, and 2.6 times more expressed comparing to the conjunctiva cut without the BC implantation. It was found by the AFM-method that in the first experimental group newformed collagen fibers had appeared in the area of BC implantation in underlying sclera, whereas in the other researched groups of animals new-formed collagen fibers were not observed. Conclusion. Thus, the BC implantation with mechanically activated placenta induces mechanisms of reparative regeneration, while exceeding the  impact of coarsely chopped analogues, and  also stimulates the collagen formation in the sclera of animal eyes.

Purpose. To evaluate experimentally the processes of reparative regeneration in ocular tissues during implantation of mechanically activated biomaterial based on human placenta into connective-tissue structures of eyeball.Material and methods. The researches in vivo were performed in 144 rabbit eyes. For the first experimental group, there was implanted the bio-container (BC) with mechanically activated placenta on the eye sclera. For the second experimental group the BC with the coarsely chopped placenta was used, in the first control group – the BC without the placenta filling, in the second control group the conjunctiva was cut without the BC implantation. There were carried out standard methods of histological study, as well as atomic force microscopy (AFM), laser confocal microscopy, luminescence spectroscopic analysis, determination of expression to proteins: Ki-67, Caspase-3 and vimentin.Results. Processes of reparative regeneration in form of fibroblastic reactions, collagen formation and neovasculogenesis progressed 1.4 times more actively in the first experimental group comparing to the implantation of the coarsely chopped analogue, and 2.6 times more expressed comparing to the conjunctiva cut without the BC implantation. It was found by the AFM-method that in the first experimental group newformed collagen fibers had appeared in the area of BC implantation in underlying sclera, whereas in the other researched groups of animals new-formed collagen fibers were not observed. Conclusion. Thus, the BC implantation with mechanically activated placenta induces mechanisms of reparative regeneration, while exceeding the impact of coarsely chopped analogues, and also stimulates the collagen formation in the sclera of animal eyes.

Al2O3 + хFe thermocrystals with specific sizes of the metal phase (65–100 nm) and no spinel phase at their interfaces are obtained via mechanical activation of a mixture of aluminum oxide and iron carbide preliminarily transformed into the nanocrystalline state, with subsequent sintering below the recrystallization point.

The effect of various deformation actions on the structure–phase transformations in piracetam of modifications I and II with a sodium acetate addition is studied. Mechanical activation and pressing are shown to cause the polymorphic transformation of modification I into modification II, and modification III forms predominantly during severe plastic deformation by torsion. The structural difference between the piracetam molecules of modifications I and II is found to be retained in aqueous solutions.

Методом соосаждения из водных растворов синтезированы прозрачные ксерогели фторидов как гексагональной (NdF3, PrF3, CeF3, структурный тип тисонита), так и кубической (Sr0.6Y0.4F2.4, Ba4Y3F17:Bi, Ba4Y3F17:Yb, структурный тип флюорита) сингоний. По данным СЭМ, ПЭМ и АСМ установлено, что прозрачные ксерогели имеют иерархическую структурную организацию: первичные наночастицы размером 20–30 нм образуют агломераты размером около 100 нм, которые в свою очередь образуют т.н. “скелет” с множественными полостями и каналами размером до сотен нм.

The nanomodifi ed biological material based on using the mechanoactivation method. Mechanoactivation of the lyophilized small-crashing biological material was made in a spherical planetary mill of Pulverisette-7 within 60 minutes. The mechanical crushing doesn’t pollute a crushed placenta and doesn’t change its chemical composition. The mechanoactivated placenta forms powder aggregates with particle size of 40–100 nanometers. The mechanoactivated placenta was injected into rabbit eye sclera in the form of biological container during the experiment. MA particles placenta penetration into thickness sclera (on 2/3 of its thickness) was registered and this fact is possible to explain by the facilitated diffusive migration of nanodimensial particles through the pore located deep in sclera and raised, as a result of the mechanoactivation, increased by hydrophily of the received material. Thus, mechanoactivation can be a basis for increase of biological activity swore an animal origin and widely to be applied in transplantology.

Using coprecipitation from aqueous solutions, we have synthesized transparent fluoride xerogels with both hexagonal (NdF 3 , PrF 3 , and CeF 3 ; tysonite structure) and cubic (Sr 0.6 Y 0.4 F 2.4 , Ba 4 Y 3 F 17 :Bi, and Ba 4 Y 3 F 17 :Yb; fluorite structure) symmetries. As shown by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy, the transparent xerogels have a hierarchical structural organization: primary nanoparticles 20–30 nm in size form agglomerates about 100 nm in size, which in turn form a “skeleton” with many voids and channels up to hundreds of nanometers in size.

A method for the creation of scanning patterns obtained by scanning probe microscopy (SPM) has been proposed. The algorithm allows scanning patterns to be formed when the values of the distortions along the z -axis are minimized and the shapes and sizes of the objects remain unchanged. To remove interline jumps the method of preliminary data filtering is based on a formalized choice of the height range which allows us to increase the automation degree of data processing and the reliability of the data. Model SPM patterns were used for testing.

The study of Ba-W-Ti-O ceramics has shown that the structure and composition of their interface regions differ from those in the grain bulk owing to the diffusion of tungsten atoms to the grain surface during sintering. They are determined by the conditions of compacting of dry nanopowders (compaction pressure and power of ultrasonic action) and vary in a nonmonotonic way. Increasing the pressure during dry static compacting and exposure to ultrasound result in the formation of a complex structure of fragments and boundaries between them, increasing the acoustic density and decreasing the intergranular boundary thickness. This affects the travel time of the phonon pulse through the sample, which allows one to determine the density and thickness of the grain boundaries by the method of phonon spectroscopy.