背景 伴随全球老龄化,以老年人健康需求为中心的综合照护,已成为"健康老龄化"的国际共识.开发适用于中国农村老人"身-心-社-灵-环境"健康评估工具尤显重要和紧迫.目的 评价自测健康评定量表(SRHMS V1.0)在农村地区的适用性及效果.方法 2018年10月—2019年5月,采用多阶段分层抽样法对2400例≥60岁云南省农村老年人进行入户人口学资料和SRHMS V1.0的问卷调查.分析SRHMS V1.0的信效度,建立农村老年人SRHMS V1.0得分的划界常模.结果 共发放问卷2400份,获有效样本2048份,问卷有效回收率为85.33％.2048例农村老年人SRHMS V1.0总分及生理、心理、社会健康得分分别为(63.63±13.69)、(64.72±16.94)、(62.59±15.34)、(50.71±13.04)分.SRHMS V1.0内部一致性Cronbach'sα系数为0.941;生理、心理、社会健康子量表的Cronbach'sα系数分别为0.877、0.885、0.875.除条目4、5、7与身体症状与器官功能维度,以及条目27和心理症状与负向情绪维度相关系数r≤0.600外,其余条目与相应维度的相关系数r≥0.600(P<0.001).验证因子分析显示,修正后的CFA模型χ2/df=5.509,RMSEA=0.047,NFI=0.929,IFI=0.941,TLI=0.933,CFI=0.941,拟合度优.获得农村老年人健康划界常模,分别为健康很差[0,49.93)、健康较差[49.93,56.78)、健康一般[56.78,70.48)、健康较好[70.48,77.32),健康很好[77.32,100].结论 SRHMS V1.0在农村老年人运用具有良好信效度,可作为全科医生综合健康评估及社区干预工具推广运用.

Objectives To investigate the knowledge,attitudes and practice(KAP)of AIDS among adolescents of Wa Ethnic Group,and to provide reference for formulating health promotion planning in schools of the frontier minority area where the prevalence of AIDS was high.Methods Using cluster random sampling method was used to select 1 705students between 12~18years old in Cangyuan,meanwhile 748students of Han ethnic group from Kunming were chosen as control group.A questionnaire survey was conducted to collect information of KAP of AIDS.Results The awareness rate of HIV/AIDS of the students of Wa ethnic group was lower than that of the students of Han ethnic group(P≤0.01).The discrimination rate of HIV/AIDS was 69.33%for students of Wa ethnic group,which was higher than that of Han ethnic group.The proportions of students of Wa ethnic group who had the risk behaviors such as smoking≥1/w(14.6%),drug-taking(3.99%)and sexual behavior(15.31%)were higher than those of the Han ethnic group 4.55%,1.87% and 3.07% respectively.Conclusions The awareness rate of HIV/AIDS of adolescents of Wa ethnic group is low,the discrimination rate is high,and they have more risk behaviors.It's necessary for the border area to improve HIV/AIDS prevention through carrying out health promotion in school.

Objective This study aims to explore trends and risk factors of anxiety among students of six minority nationalities in Yunnan during 2005-2010,and provide evidence for health promotion strategies for frontier nationalities area students.Methods By using Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale(SAS),a total of 8 203 adolescents(aged 10-18) of six nationalities including Wa,Dai,Hani,Lisu,Naxi and Han were investigated.Data were compared with data collected in 2005.Results The average score of SAS in 2010(39.27±7.84) was significantly lower than that in 2005(48.04±9.60),although there was 2.5% increase in moderate-to-severe anxiety.There were significant differences in moderate-to-severe anxiety proportion among different nationalities,with Wa being the highest(25.25%),followed by Lisu(21.44%),Dai(13.49%),Hani(12.1%),Naxi(5.58%) and Han(5.34%)(P<0.01).Risk factors of moderate-to-severe anxiety include suicide ideation,life stress,dissatisfaction of society,paternal low education level,divorced family and poverty,with odd ratio being 3.9,3.5,2.1,1.8,1.8,1.6,1.2,respectively.Conclusion Although there is significant improvement in anxiety among in Yunnan adolescents,it still needs attention for minority students with moderate-to-severe anxiety.

研究性学习是以问题为导向，通过学生自主解决问题的过程来学习的教学模式。本文以老年社工实务为平台，以“老年照顾与管理”为主题，组成了“研究性学习”团队，在教师的引导下相继完成四个优秀本科训练计划（SRTP），并获得“云南省大学生创新实验计划”立项。在循环迁升和环环相扣的项目链上，不仅调动了学生学习的主动性和积极性，还激发同学们的创新思维和创新意识，对学生掌握思考和解决问题的能力具有积极的作用。

Objective To explore health status and health care needs of elder people living in resmome for improvement of life quality of the elderly.Methods With Self-rated Health Measurement Scale Version 1.0(SRHMS),289 people (＞60 yesrs old)in 10 resthomes and 526 elder people living at home were investigated.Results Among the elderly in resthomes,the prevalence of senile dementia,limitation in activity,and difficulty in self-care were 7.99%,37.37%,and 11.76%,which were 10.5,3.5,and 6.8 times higher than that of the elderly at home(P＜0.05).The proportion of income less than 800 yuan per month,without medical insurance,annual medical expensos more than 6 000 yuan per year were 56.34%,27.53%,and 29.02%among the elderly in resthome,which were significantly higher than that of the elderly at home.Among the elderly in resthomes,38.75%visited doctors more than 5 times a year with a significant lower ratio than that of elderly living at home.Compared with the elderly at home,more elderly in resthomes expected to get rehabilitation service,living security.and respect from others.Conclusion The elderly in resthome need more health care and rehabilitaion service and their health care needs to be improved.

[Objective] To learn the relationships of health and social support among widowed middle-aged and elderly people.[Methods] Using the Questionnaire of Self-rated Health Measurement Scale Version1.0(SRHMS) was used for investigation.815 the elderly aged 55 years or older(male 406,female 409)who came from 18 communities in Kunming,and they were separated into widowed group(n=377)and marriage integrated group(n=438),and the health and social support were compared.[Results] The scores of the former in physical health,mental health and social health were 5.67 ± 1.75,5.91 ± 1.60 and 5.63 ± 1.79,respectively,which were significantly lower than the latter's(6.63 ± 1.56,6.51 ± 1.47 and 6.52 ± 1.62),(P﹤0.01).The percentage of the widowed owned pension and medical insurance were 59.7% and 65.8%,respectively,which were also lower than control(82.9% and 86.8%),but 22.8% of them who got neglect and consideration from children,which was significantly higher than that in controls(22.8%﹥8.0%),(P﹤0.01).[Conclusion] It is worried about the health of widowed middle-aged and elderly people,and their social support need to be strengthened.

Emptynest is the necessity of technology, social development and the onechild policy. The growing elderly in emptynest families have brought a series of tough challenges for social welfare, Intergenerational harmony and community care. From perspective of social security, using questionnaire about Selfrated Health Measurement Scale Version1.0 (SRHMS), this article random sampled 289 emptynest old people and 212 nonemptynest old people, whom come form 10 oldage care institutions and 18 communities, comparison analyzed the 2 groups through angles of physical, mental, social health. The result indicates that s social health and mental support of the elderly in emptynest families is worried. This article made discussion and gave some advice about the construction of longterm care net in social security, community services and individual adjustment.

With the development of society and economy, improvement of medical treatment and sanitation, increase of aging population and chronic disease, case management become urgent problem to be solved by social workers as multi-dimensional needs in older adults. This article gives some assessments about older adults with sold solitary, widowed, empty nest and hypertension in Kunming, and makes suggestions that government's leading, NGO/NPO 's resource integration, older adults and their family's community assistance, which is based on institution building and operation for case management.