To avoid the extensive use of toxic solvents and reduce energy consumption, an environmentally friendly method was employed to synthesize high-yield full-color carbon quantum dots (CDs) using p-phenylenediamine (PPD) and...

ABSTRACT We synthesized polyurethane elastomers with dual dynamic non‐covalent bonds and self‐assembled polyphenylene ether (PPO) fiber‐like structures. The findings reveal that the increased PPO chains can assemble into fiber‐like structures, which can intertwine densely owing to π‐π interactions between the rigid benzene rings. The resultant elastomers possess outstanding mechanical properties including high tensile strength of 19–62 MPa, elongation at break of 248%–1186% and toughness up to 80–113 MJ/m 3 . Moreover, the elastomers display high glass transition temperature (T g ) of ~95°C. The self‐assembled PPO chains can contribute to the good mechanical stability of the elastomers even at 100°C. The combined effects of dynamic hydrogen bonds and π‐π interactions endow the elastomers with excellent self‐healing and reprocessing abilities. The self‐healing efficiency of tensile strength for the elastomers can reach up to 58%–153% after heating at 140°C for 2 h, and the tensile strength of the remolded elastomers can recover up to 31%–90% of the original values. Owing to the significant phase‐separated structures, the elastomers have excellent shape memory properties. The calculated shape fixation and recovery rates of the elastomers are 78%–81% and 75%–98%, respectively. The flexible sensors based on the elastomers can be used as motion wearable sensors and thermally controlled switches.

Biomolecular detection based on a single fluorescence signal response is often difficult to completely eliminate the influence from interfering factors on the assay results. In this work, a ratiometric fluorescence probe was designed based on a dual emission carbon dot (CD). It produces dual-color emission (400 nm blue emission band and 560 nm green emission band) under 360 nm excitation. The two emission bands are believed to be originated from the distinct luminescent mechanisms: the intrinsic emission of CDs and intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) process, respectively. The energy transfer between the dual emission leads to the differentiated responses towards sialic acid (SA). As the concentration of SA increases, the two emission bands of CDs dispersion exhibit opposite variation trends. The blue emission intensity rose slightly and green emission intensity descended. The ratios of emission band intensity at 400 nm and 560 nm are served as quantitative assay of SA. The limit of detection reached 1.15 μM. The ratiometric fluorescence probe also shows a favorable selectivity for SA detection. The self-calibration and mutual verification functions of the probes enable consistent emission ratios across different models of commercial spectrometers. It minimizes the interference from the environment and instrumentation, achieving accurate and highly versatile SA detection. The utility of the probe for SA detection was verified by analyzing human serum, showing the tremendous potential of dual emission CDs for accurate SA detection.

A series of supramolecular interaction-based polyurethane elastomers (SPUEs) were synthesized from the reactions of hexamethylene diisocyanate-functionalized 2-ureido-4[1H]-pyrimidinone (UPy) derivatives and polytetrahydrofuran (PTHF), followed by reactions with polyether amines. The tensile strength, elongation at break and toughness of the optimum SPUE system can reach 62 MPa, 693%, and 189 MJ.m(-3), respectively. All SPUEs have much higher tensile strength and toughness than the reference materials while maintaining large elongation at break owing to the increased hydrogen (H)-bonding sites and favorable crosslinked networks. SPUEs possess double glass transition temperatures and display good multi-shape memory behaviors resulting from different soft and hard domains. SPUEs have nanophase-separated structures, which endow them with excellent transparency within visible light wavelengths ranging from 500 to 800 nm. Owing to adequate H-bonds, SPUEs exhibit stress relaxation, shape-reconfigurability, and outstanding healing/recycling properties. The damaged SPUEs show high healing efficiency of 77-97% after heat treatment at 100 degrees C for 12 h. The used SPUEs can be recycled multiple times by dissolving them in N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF) at similar to 110 degrees C for 20-30 min, and the third recycled SPUEs can have high mechanical strength retention rate of up to 100%.

Endowing heat/light dual-stimulating shape memory acrylic ester resin with fast response, self-repairing and remolding abilities is still a big challenge with interesting. Herein, a new kind of heat/light dual-stimulating shape memory thermosetting resins with rapid stimulus response, self-healing and remolding capabilities, LAP/PCL3/PDA, have been developed, which contain two parts, one is a new and optimized blend made up of polycaprolactone (PCL) and a dynamic crosslinked acrylic ester network with disulfide bonds (LAP), and the other is polydopamine (PDA) particles. The effect of the weight ratio of LAP to PCL on the structure and comprehensive properties (heat resistance, self-healing, remolding and shape memory properties) of LAP/PCL as well as the influence of PDA loading on the properties of LAP/PCL3/PDA were studied. Results show that with the optimum weight ratio of LAP to PCL (1: 0.55), the obtained LAP/PCL3 has the best shape memory property, it's shape fixation rate (Rf) and shape recovery rate (Rr) are 98.3 % and 99.6 %, respectively. Moreover, with the optimum PDA loading (0.26 wt%), the obtained LAP/PCL3/PDA2 resin has the best integrated performance, it's self-healing efficiency and remolded efficiency are 88.2 % and 81.3 %, respectively, meanwhile S-shaped LAP/ PCL3/PDA2 takes 4 s at 81 degrees C or 13 s under near infrared irradiation to restore its original straight shape. The outstanding comprehensive properties of LAP/PCL3/PDA2 resin benefits from its unique synergistic effect of dynamic disulfide bonds of LAP, the crystallization-melting feature of PCL and good photo-thermal conversion performance of PDA.

Flexible conductive supramolecular polyurethane elastomer composite with high strength was fabricated via the in situ formation of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in the surface layer of supramolecular polyurethane elastomer (SPUE) when soaked in silver salt solution. The as-prepared SPUE/AgNPs composites possessed high tensile strengths of 63-76 MPa, elongations at break of 783%-879%, toughnesses of 230-374 MJ m-3, and Young's moduli of 7.9-14 MPa. Owing to the compact AgNP layer, SPUE/AgNPs composites had high electrical conductivities of 0.3-3.7 S cm-1. When SPUE/AgNPs composites were stretched to a strain of 0.5%, they could show short response time (80-82 ms) and recovery time (140-180 ms). SPUE/AgNPs composites could display stable relative resistance change (Delta R/R0) values and high strain sensitivities over a wide range of tensile strains (0.05%-200%). Due to the abundant hydrogen bonds, the damaged SPUE/AgNPs composite could be healed under heat treatment condition, and the healed composite could show stable Delta R/R0 similar to that of the fresh SPUE/AgNPs composite. Additionally, SPUE/AgNPs composites had good shape memory performances and solvent-resistances. The as-prepared SPUE/AgNPs composites could be used as flexible strain sensors and control switches.

Miniaturization and lightweight of power systems urgently ask for polymer dielectrics with high discharged energy density at 150 degrees C. Herein, a molecular design strategy is built to prepare new crosslinkable polyetherimide films (PEIDx, x is the molar ratio of dianhydride to amines) through simultaneously improving the polarization degree and reducing the residual polarization. Thermal, mechanical, and dielectric properties of PEIDx improve as x increases. PEID0.92 shows the best integrated performances, especially its discharged energy density (5.46 J cm-3, at 10 Hz and 454 MV m-1) is higher than those of reported polymer dielectrics with discharged energy storage at 150 degrees C, and its charge-discharge efficiency is 80.14%. The outstanding energy storage performance of PEID0.92 is attributed to its unique molecular structure. Specifically, the use of nonplanar and low-alkaline aliphatic cyclic diamine effectively improves the polarization degree of macromolecules; while the crosslinking of alkynyl groups limits the macromolecular movement, thus ensuring high heat resistance and low residual polarization. New crosslinkable polyetherimide films were designed and synthesized in this paper, meanwhile the structure-property relationship and mechanism of films were discussed. The optimized film (PEID0.92) has the best integrated performances, its discharged energy density (5.46 J cm-3, at 10 Hz and 454 MV m-1) is higher than those of discharged energy storage densities at 150 degrees C of polymer films in literature, and its charge-discharge efficiency is 80.14%. image

Developing superior heat resistant biobased thermosetting resins is an interesting challenge. Herein, a novel tetra-functional biobased epoxy monomer with phenylpropargyl ether groups (BPBMO) was synthesized, which was then cured with 4,4 '-diaminodiphenylmethane (DDM) to produce a biobased resin (BPBMO/DDM), the aggregation structure and integrated properties of BPBMO/DDM were systematically researched and compared with those of commercial petroleum-based DGEBA/DDM. Glass transition temperature (Tg) of BPBMO/DDM is as high as 407 degrees C, which is not only about 207 degrees C higher than that of DGEBA/DDM, but also the highest value among all biobased epoxy resins reported. Besides, BPBMO/DDM resin shows higher flame retardance with lower peak heat release rate (pHRR), total heat release (THR) and total smoke production (TSP) than those of DGEBA/DDM. These outstanding performances were beneficial from the unique structure of BPBMO/DDM formed with the ring open reaction between epoxy and amino groups as well as the post-crosslinking of phenylpropargyl ether groups. This work proposes an effective post-crosslinking strategy from the molecular structural design to construct an ultrahigh heat resistant biobased epoxy resin with good flame retardancy.

We designed three-dimensional (3D) structures through a combination of glass fiber cloth and in situ formation of nano polyphenylene oxide (PPE) fibers during the fabrication process of thermosetting cyanate ester/bismaleimide composites and developed a self-stitching technique based on PPE fiber and interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) for aiding the crack self-healing. The building of 3D structure effectively improves the interface interaction between fiber and matrix and suppresses the crack propagation process in composite, leading to significant enhancement in the mechanical properties. When PPE content is 20%, the interlaminar shear strength, flexural strength, impact strength, and tensile strength of the resulting composite are 98%, 74%, 95%, and 101% higher than those of the composite without PPE. The resulting composites possess excellent thermomechanical and lower dielectric properties. Because IPNs within composites can create interspaces and easily deform above glass-transition temperature, PPE components may penetrate through the interspaces under thermal expansion force, and the contraction stresses of polymers generate strong locking effects in composite after cooling to room temperature, then the crack surfaces of composites can be stitched by PPE fibers, significantly recovering the mechanical properties. The healing efficiency of the composite with 30% PPE after impact and then heating at approximately 280 degrees C can reach 96%.Highlights 3D structures were constructed during the fabrication process of glass-fiber-reinforced thermosetting cyanate ester/bismaleimide composite. A self-stitching technique was developed for aiding the crack self-healing of composite. 3D structures significantly improved the interface interaction between fiber and matrix in laminated composite. The mechanical properties of the resulting composite could be significantly improved by 3D structures. The healing efficiency of the healed composite could reach 96%.

Combining high heat resistance and green sustainability is a great challenge in developing shape memory epoxy resins. Herein, starting from synthesizing a fully biobased trifunctional epoxy compound (ER), a kind of fully biobased epoxy resin system (EFTx, where x is the molar ratio of carboxyl to epoxy groups) is developed. The effects of x on the structure and properties of EFTx resins were systematically investigated. Results show that cured EFTx resins have excellent heat resistance, high mechanical properties, shape memory performance, and recycle ability. As x of EFTx resin increases, the glass transition temperature (T g) and initial thermal decomposition temperature (T di) decrease while both self-healing efficiency and remolding efficiency increase. The T g and storage modulus of each EFTx resin are much higher than those of reported fully biobased shape memory epoxy resins. Among EFTx resins, EFT1.0 resin shows the best-integrated performance; specifically, its T g, T di, tensile strength, and self-healing efficiency are as high as 156 degrees C, 293 degrees C, 40.99 MPa, and 90.5%, respectively, meanwhile it also has outstanding shape memory property reflected by the high shape fixation ratio (R f = 100%) and shape recovery ratio (R r = 97.8%) under the bend-recovery experiments as well as high R f (93.2%) and R r (66.1%) after four tensile shape memory cycles. The outstanding integrated performance of EFTx resins is attributed to their unique structures that combine rigid stilbene structure, furan ring, and abundant ester bonds.

Developing photothermal anti/deicing fluor-free composite coatings with high wear resistance and liquid puncture resistance is an interesting challenge. Herein, a new biomass benzoxazine monomer (C-d) was synthesized, which was then sprayed on a glass slide, followed by spraying hyperbranched polysiloxane (HSi), polydopamine-coated micro AlN (P@mAlN), and polydopamine-coated nano AlN (P@nAlN), successively, to develop a new type of photothermal anti/deicing four-layer fluor-free composite coatings with high wear resistance and liquid puncture resistance (C-d/yHSi/0.4P@2bAlN, y is the mass ratio of HSi to C-d). Three-layer composite coatings (C-d/0.4P@zbAlN, z is the mass ratio of P@mAlN to P@nAlN) and two-layer composite coatings (C-d/xP@mAlN, x is the mass ratio of P@mAlN to C-d) were also prepared to study the influence of compositions on comprehensive properties of coatings. The results show that C-d/0.4P@zbAlN has significantly longer icing delay time (IDT) than C-d and C-d/xP@mAlN coatings but still shows poor wear resistance and liquid puncture resistance. Interestingly, C-d/yHSi/0.4P@2bAlN coatings have good superhydrophobicity; as y increases, both IDT and wear resistance increase significantly. When y = 0.5, the obtained C-d/0.5HSi/0.4P@2bAlN coating has the best integrated performance, including high anti-deicing property (IDT = 627 s), high wear resistance, and liquid puncture resistance as well as good photothermal deicing performance, the ice melts in 343 s under the irradiation with 808 nm infrared light, overcoming the bottleneck of poor wear resistance and liquid puncture resistance of photothermal anti/deicing coatings. Besides, C-d/0.5HSi/0.4P@2bAlN coating can effectively prevent the adhesion of pollutants and remain superhydrophobicity after soaked in different solutions (pH = 1-10).HighlightsA new biomass benzoxazine with good flexibility was synthesized.Photo-thermal anti/deicing coatings with micro/nanostructured surfaces are built.The fluor-free coatings have excellent wear resistance and chemical resistance.The mechanism behind was elucidated. A photothermal anti/deicing fluor-free composite coating with high wear resistance and liquid impalement resistance was developed.image

Developing biomass resins with high thermal resistance and mechanical performance through a green strategy is an interesting challenge. Increasing the functionality of oxazine ring is favorable to improve the thermal resistance and mechanical strength of resins; however, no tri- or more functional benzoxazine monomers synthesized using the green strategy have been reported. Herein, two novel trifunctional benzoxazine monomers (coded as DPTA-f and DPTR-f) with very low melting points (61, 49 degrees C) were synthesized using biomass raw materials (diphenolic acid, tyramine, tyrosol, and furfurylamine) and green solvents (ethanol and water). The cured resins of DPTA-f and DPTR-f, designed as P(DPTA-f) and P(DPTR-f), not only exhibit high storage moduli (3600 and 3080 MPa) and high tensile strength (65.0 and 55.1 MPa) but also have high glass transition temperature (T-g = 328, 302 degrees C) and initial degradation temperature (351 and 350 degrees C), especially P(DPTA-f) exhibits bigger T-g than all benzoxazine resins prepared using the green strategy (SCI database). They also have good flame retardancy. The above excellent processing nature of DPTA-f and DPTR-f together with competitive thermal resistance and mechanical strength of two cured resins benefits from the unique chemical and aggregate state structures of the biobased benzoxazines.

An effective strategy is developed to improve the energy density for poly(vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene) (P(VDF-HFP)) composites through building novel multi-layered structure with gradient distribution of a low content of SiO2-coated potassium sodium niobate (KNN@SiO2), and the resultant composites were coded as G-K@S/P. To discuss the mechanism behind the unique strategy, the P(VDF-HFP) composites with randomly distributed potassium sodium niobate (KNN) or gradient-distributed KNN, designed as K/P or G-K/P, were prepared; moreover, the structures and integrated properties of the three kinds of composites were systematically studied using experimental method and finite element simulations to declare the influence of both layered structure with gradient distribution and core–shell structure of fillers. Results show that compared to K/P and G-K/P composites, with the same total loading of fillers, G-K@S/P has a greater breakdown strength and energy density. When the filler content is as low as 1 wt

High performance biobased epoxy resin with low viscosity is important for preparing fiber-reinforced polymer composites via vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM). Herein, a novel biobased propargyl ether-functionalized epoxy monomer (BPBO) with low viscosity (0.07 Pa.s) was designed and synthesized from renewable eugenol, and then it was combined with methyl nadic anhydride (MNA) to produce a new epoxy system (BPBO/MNA) with excellent properties. The curing behaviors and integrated performances were sys-tematically researched and compared with those of petrochemical-based commercial diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) type epoxy resin (DGEBA/MNA). BPBO/MNA shows better thermal and mechanical properties than DGEBA/MNA. Specifically, the glass transition temperature (Tg) and the flexural strength of BPBO/MNA resin are as high as 242 degrees C and 176.2 MPa, about 47 degrees C and 16.8 % higher than those of DGEBA/ MNA resin, respectively, and both of them are the highest among those of eugenol-derived epoxy resins reported so far. The nature behind these outstanding integrated performances is attributed to the unique cross-linked structure of BPBO/MNA that originated from the ring opening polymerization of epoxy with anhydride and the polymerization of aryl propargyl ether groups. Moreover, carbon fiber reinforced composite with attractive performance was developed by taking BPBO/MNA as the resin matrix via VARTM process. This work presents a simple and unique strategy to prepare high performance biobased epoxy resin with low viscosity for advanced composites.

It is difficult to endow reprocessable shape memory thermosetting resins with outstanding heat resistance and high mechanical strength. Herein, a new kind of reprocessable shape memory thermosetting resins (DBE) are developed through building a crosslinked network based on N,N ' -4,4 ' -diphenylmethane bismaleimide (BDM), bisphenol A epoxy resin and 4,4 ' -dithiodiphenylamine. The influence of the composition of DBE resins on their structure and comprehensive properties was studied. Results show that DBE resins have multiple phase structures. With the increase of BDM content of DBE resin, the glass transition temperature (T-g), initial thermal decomposition temperature and flexural modulus increase, the impact strength and reprocessing efficiency decrease, while the flexural and tensile strengths increase initially and then decrease. 0.8DBE cannot be reprocessed, while 2DBE, 1.5DBE and 1DBE are reprocessable, and also have good shape reconfiguration and shape memory performances. Among them, 1DBE has the best integrated performance, which has attractively high T-g (210 degrees C), high tensile strength (76 +/- 3.2 MPa), good reprocessability and excellent shape memory performance, its shape fixation rate and shape recovery rate reach 100% and 99.6%, respectively, overcoming the bottleneck problems of low heat resistance and insufficient mechanical strength of existing reprocessable shape memory thermosetting resins.

A bio-based tetrafunctional epoxy monomer containinga dicyclodiacetal linkage was successfully synthesized via acetalization ofprotocatechualdehyde (PCA) with erythritol, followed by a reactionwith bioderived epichlorohydrin. The epoxy monomer exhibits good reactivitywith glutaric anhydride in the presence of a zinc(II) acetylacetonate(ZAA) catalyst and can be cured using a medium-temperature procedure.The prepared epoxy vitrimer (DGZ) systems exhibit excellent mechanicaland thermal properties resulting from the rigid dicyclo diacetal andaromatic structures and the high conversion of epoxy groups (alpha(epoxy group)). When the ZAA content is 2.5%, DGZ has optimalintegrated mechanical properties, and its impact strength, tensilestrength, and flexural strength can reach 20 kJ/m(2), 60MPa, and 119 MPa, respectively, which can be compared with those ofthe commercial bisphenol A epoxy resin cured with a high-temperatureprocedure. DGZ systems have a good glass-transition temperature (T (g)) of 111-117 degrees C. The broad glasstransition endows DGZ with a good shape memory effect. The introductionof dynamic ester bonds in DGZ brings good self-healing ability, weldingability, and rapid stress relaxation. The self-healing efficiencyof the scratches on the surface of DGZ can reach similar to 100% at 200 degrees C. Owing to the existence of dicyclo diacetal linkages, DGZcan be completely degraded in 0.1 and 1 M HCl solutions at 25-80 degrees C. DGZ also has good dielectric properties due to the rigiddicyclo diacetal and aromatic structures, as well as a high alpha(epoxy group). Theresulting novel bio-based epoxy vitrimer shows excellentmechanical properties and self-healing and easy degradation abilities.

Benzoxazine resins from benzoxazine monomers synthesized with green strategies often do not have high thermal resistance and mechanical strength. Herein, starting from renewable resources citraconic anhydride, furfurylamine and tyramine, a new benzoxazine monomer (CT-fa) was synthesized and purified in green solvents (ethanol and ethyl acetate), which has excellent molding processability reflected by low melting point (84.9 degrees C) and low curing temperature (207-245 degrees C). More attractively, the cured CT-fa resin (poly(CT-fa)) has both high glass transition temperature (281 degrees C) and high initial thermal decomposition temperature (407 degrees C), the former is higher than those of all monofunctional benzoxazine resins synthesized though green strategies in literature, and the latter is even higher than those of all benzoxazine resins synthesized by green strategies (SCI database). In addition, poly(CT-fa) also has high storage modulus (3955 MPa) and good tensile strength (51.60 MPa). These attractive properties demonstrate that poly(CT-fa) is a promising green high performance resins.

Preparing biobased thermosetting resins with high mechanical properties and superior heat resistance is an important issue for the sustainable development and applications of high performance resins. Herein, a novel biobased allyl compound (DBB) with aryl propargyl ether groups was synthesized from renewable honokiol, which was then used to copolymerize with 4,4 '-bismaleimidodiphenylmethane (BDM) to develop new biobased resins (BDM/DBB). The effects of the molar ratio of BDM to DBB on the thermal and mechanical properties were studied. Results show that all BDM/DBB resins possess both high thermal and mechanical properties. Specif-ically, their glass transition temperatures (Tg > 440 degrees C) and storage moduli (> 1.3 GPa at 400 degrees C) are higher than those of biobased allyl compounds modified BDM resins reported so far (SCI database); moreover, their initial thermal decomposition temperatures are about 448 degrees C and flexural strengths range from 106 to 117 MPa. These excellent comprehensive performances are attributed to the unique crosslinked network resulted from the complex curing mechanism of BDM/DBB, which including the copolymerization between imide groups and allyl groups as well as the additional thermal crosslinking of aryl propargyl ether. This work provides a sustainable and facile strategy to construct high performance biobased resins.

High flame retardancy has become a necessary property for heat-resistant thermosetting resins (HRTRs) in many cutting-edge fields. However, developing HRTRs with excellent flame retardancy through sustainable strategy (halogen-free and phosphorus-free) is still a great challenge. Herein, a novel halogen-free and phosphorus-free allyl compound with Schiff base structure (PDM) was efficiently synthesized from biobased protocatechualdehyde, and then four new flame retarding bismaleimide resins (BP1, BP2, BP3, BP4) were developed by building crosslinked network with PDM. The molar ratio of allyl to imide has a significant effect on performances of BP resins, BP2 resin (its molar ratio of allyl to imide is 0.86) shows the best integrated performances, it has not only high impact strength (14.37 +/- 1.1 kJ/m(2)), but also the highest glass transition temperature (343.5 degrees C) and limiting oxygen index (36.4%) among halogen-free and phosphorus-free flame retarding bismaleimide resins reported so far. The investigation on flame retardant mechanism of BP resins shows that the mechanism includes condensed-phase and gas-phase flame retarding effects.

High dielectric constant films with excellent flexibility, transparency and high strength are key materials for flexible electronic devices. Herein, a novel kind of functional hybrid (AgNW@PIL) was synthesized by forming a layer of polyionic liquid (PIL) on surfaces of silver nanowires (AgNWs), which was then added into poly (vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP) to develop a series of unique high dielectric constant films (AgNW@PIL/PVDF-HFP). Comprehensive performances of AgNW@PIL/PVDF-HFP films were studied and compared with those of AgNW/PVDF-HFP films and related composite films in literature. With the increase of AgNW@PIL content, the dielectric constant and mechanical strength significantly improve, while the light transmittance gradually decreases. At the same filler content and frequency, AgNW@PIL/PVDF-HFP has higher dielectric constant, lower dielectric loss, higher light transmittance and better mechanical properties than AgNW/PVDF-HFP. The mechanism behind these attractive results is contributed to different microstructures between AgNW/PVDF-HFP and AgNW@PIL/PVDF-HFP. Specifically, different from AgNW, AgNW@PIL has good dispersibility in PVDF-HFP, and form more micro-capacitor structure and good interface polarization effect; besides, PIL coating plays a significant role in suppressing the dielectric loss of composite films. AgNW@PIL/ PVDF-HFP with only 0.4 wt% AgNW@PIL simultaneously has high tensile modulus (1152.2 MPa), high tensile strength (30.9 MPa) and large elongation at break (181.0%).