AIMS:This study aimed to investigate the association between autonomic activity, assessed by 24-hour heart rate variability (HRV), and the development of perihematomal edema (PHE) as well as 3-month functional outcomes following intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). METHODS:We retrospectively included patients with ICH who underwent 24-hour electrocardiographic (ECG) monitoring within 14 days of onset from a prospective cohort. HRV parameters were calculated from ECG data. A poor functional outcome at 3 months was defined as a modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score ≥ 3. PHE volume was measured on 7-day computed tomography scans using 3D Slicer software, and adverse PHE was defined as relative PHE (edema volume/hematoma volume) ≥ 2. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify predictors of adverse PHE and poor outcomes. Partial correlation analysis was conducted to examine the association between HRV parameters and adverse PHE. Five machine-learning algorithms were applied to develop predictive models for 3-month poor outcomes. RESULTS:A total of 312 patients were included, of whom 45.2% (141/312) had poor outcomes at 3 months and 48.6% (122/251) had adverse PHE. Parasympathetic hypoactivity, indicated by low high-frequency power, was independently associated with poor 3-month outcomes. In addition, parasympathetic hypoactivity (measured by the root mean square of successive differences between adjacent NN intervals) and relative sympathetic hyperactivity (measured by the ratio of low-frequency to high-frequency power) independently predicted adverse PHE. Among the machine-learning models, the eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) algorithm achieved the highest predictive performance for poor 3-month outcomes, with an AUC of 0.883. CONCLUSIONS:Twenty-four-hour parasympathetic hypoactivity is associated with adverse PHE and poor functional outcomes following ICH.

AIMS:Autonomic dysfunction with central autonomic network (CAN) damage occurs frequently after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and contributes to a series of adverse outcomes. This review aims to provide insight and convenience for future clinical practice and research on autonomic dysfunction in ICH patients. DISCUSSION:We summarize the autonomic dysfunction in ICH from the aspects of potential mechanisms, clinical significance, assessment, and treatment strategies. The CAN structures mainly include insular cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, amygdala, hypothalamus, nucleus of the solitary tract, ventrolateral medulla, dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus, nucleus ambiguus, parabrachial nucleus, and periaqueductal gray. Autonomic dysfunction after ICH is closely associated with neurological functional outcomes, cardiac complications, blood pressure fluctuation, immunosuppression and infection, thermoregulatory dysfunction, hyperglycemia, digestive dysfunction, and urogenital disturbances. Heart rate variability, baroreflex sensitivity, skin sympathetic nerve activity, sympathetic skin response, and plasma catecholamine concentration can be used to assess the autonomic functional activities after ICH. Risk stratification of patients according to autonomic functional activities, and development of intervention approaches based on the restoration of sympathetic-parasympathetic balance, would potentially improve clinical outcomes in ICH patients. CONCLUSION:The review systematically summarizes the evidence of autonomic dysfunction and its association with clinical outcomes in ICH patients, proposing that targeting autonomic dysfunction could be potentially investigated to improve the clinical outcomes.

目的 分析血管迷走性晕厥患者的临床特点,探讨其晕厥前是否有晕厥先兆的影响因素.方法 回顾性纳入2017年1月—2022年6月首都医科大学附属北京天坛医院诊治的血管迷走性晕厥患者为研究对象.采集其一般资料、直立倾斜试验结果及血流动力学指标,采用多因素logistic回归分析探讨患者发生晕厥先兆的影响因素. 结果 研究共纳入血管迷走性晕厥患者1211例.根据其发生晕厥前是否有先兆症状进行分组,其中无先兆组582例(48.06%),有先兆组629例(51.94%).有先兆组患者的年龄(t=6.006,P<0.001)、女性比例(χ2=11.749,P=0.001)、BMI(t=2.562,P=0.011),以及既往有高血压(χ2=12.643,P<0.001)、糖尿病(χ2=9.129,P=0.003)、脑血管病(χ2=4.060,P=0.044)的比例与无先兆组比较,差异有统计学意义.两组患者直立倾斜试验结果比较差异无统计学意义(χ2=6.205,P=0.102).多因素logistic回归分析发现,年龄≤60岁(OR=1.727,95%CI1.347～2.214,P<0.001)和女性(OR=1.440,95%CI1.122～1.847,P=0.004)是血管迷走性晕厥患者发生晕厥先兆的危险因素. 结论 年龄≤60岁和女性血管迷走性晕厥患者更易发生晕厥先兆,这可能与自主神经调节功能有关.

目的 分析血管迷走性晕厥(VVS)伴抑郁患者经颅多普勒(TCD)联合直立倾斜试验(H UTT)的特点.方法 回顾性研究选取VVS和抑郁患者,分为VVS伴抑郁组、VVS无抑郁组、抑郁无VVS组,设立健康对照组.收集其一般临床资料、HUTT血流动力学指标和TCD脑血流指标进行比较.结果 每组纳入患者 20 例.HUTT倾斜直立位同平卧位相比,VVS伴抑郁患者心率增加最少(P<0.05).TCD倾斜直立位同平卧位相比,VVS伴抑郁患者收缩期和舒张期末血流速度下降最多,搏动指数和阻力指数增加最多(P<0.001).结论 VVS伴抑郁患者存在自主神经功能异常,认识 VVS和抑郁相互作用有重要意义.

目的 对预测晕厥患者短期内发生不良事件风险的4种方法进行对比研究.方法 对2019年1月至2021年10月就诊于北京天坛医院的192例晕厥患者分别使用ROSE方法、ROSE-65方法、Boston方法、CSRS方法对照评估,并进行1个月随访.分别计算各方法的灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值、阳性似然比、阴性似然比,并对4种方法进行比较分析.结果 随访1个月发现,对79例晕厥患者发生不良事件,ROSE、ROSE-65、Boston、CSRS 4种预测方法的特异度、阴性预测值、阴性似然比分别为84.07%、85.59%、0.241,79.65%、80.36%、0.350,85.84%、92.38%、0.118,79.65%、80.36%、0.350.ROSE、Boston方法的预测与发生不良事件一致性分析Kappa值分别为0.636、0.746,而2种方法间Kappa值为0.683.结论 4种方法对非高风险晕厥患者的筛查具有不同的实践意义,应灵活使用以达到对患者危险分层快速评判的目的.

Pulse wave velocity (PWV) measured at a specific artery location is called local PWV, which provides the elastic characteristics of arteries and indicates the degree of arterial stiffness. However, the large and cumbersome ultrasound probes require an appropriate sensor position and pressure maintenance, introducing usability constraints. In this paper, we developed a light (0.5 g) and thin (400 μm) flexible ultrasound array by encapsulating 1–3 composite piezoelectric transducers with a silicone elastomer. It can capture the distension waveforms of four arterial positions with a spacing of 10 mm and calculate the local PWV by multi-point fitting. This is illustrated by in vivo experiments, where the local PWV value of five normal subjects ranged from 3.07 to 4.82 m/s, in agreement with earlier studies. The beat-to-beat coefficient of variation (CV) is 12.0% ± 3.5%, showing high reliability. High reproducibility is shown by the results of two groups of independent measurements of three subjects (the error between the mean values is less than 0.3 m/s). These properties of the developed flexible ultrasound array enable the bandage-like application of local PWV monitoring to skin surfaces.

Spaceflight is associated with enhanced inactivity, resulting in muscular and cardiovascular deconditioning. Although physical exercise is commonly used as a countermeasure, separate applications of running and resistive exercise modalities have never been directly compared during long-term bedrest. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of two exercise countermeasure programs, running and resistance training, applied separately, for counteracting cardiovascular deconditioning induced by 90-day head-down bedrest (HDBR). Maximal oxygen uptake (V˙O2max), orthostatic tolerance, continuous ECG and blood pressure (BP), body composition, and leg circumferences were measured in the control group (CON: n = 8), running exercise group (RUN: n = 7), and resistive exercise group (RES: n = 7). After HDBR, the decrease in V˙O2max was prevented by RUN countermeasure and limited by RES countermeasure (−26% in CON p < 0.05, −15% in RES p < 0.05, and −4% in RUN ns). Subjects demonstrated surprisingly modest orthostatic tolerance decrease for different groups, including controls. Lean mass loss was limited by RES and RUN protocols (−10% in CON vs. −5% to 6% in RES and RUN). Both countermeasures prevented the loss in thigh circumference (−7% in CON p < 0.05, −2% in RES ns, and −0.6% in RUN ns) and limited loss in calf circumference (−10% in CON vs. −7% in RES vs. −5% in RUN). Day–night variations in systolic BP were preserved during HDBR. Decrease in V˙O2max positively correlated with decrease in thigh (r = 0.54 and p = 0.009) and calf (r = 0.52 and p = 0.012) circumferences. During this 90-day strict HDBR, running exercise successfully preserved V˙O2max, and resistance exercise limited its decline. Both countermeasures limited loss in global lean mass and leg circumferences. The V˙O2max reduction seems to be conditioned more by muscular than by cardiovascular parameters.

目的 通过收集中青年晕厥患者的临床资料,分析其临床特点,以期提高对18～60岁晕厥患者的临床理解和认识.方法 对2018年5月至2020年10月就诊北京天坛医院诊断为"晕厥"的青年、中年患者132例开展回顾性研究,按照年龄35、45岁为临界值把患者群体分为青年组(18～35岁)、青壮年组(36～45岁)、中年组(46～60岁),收集患者一般资料,临床及实验室检查结果、1个月内的预后转归等信息.采用单因素方差分析、非参数检验等统计学方法探讨患者晕厥发作及发生短期不良事件的特点,并详细解析典型病例.结果 中青年晕厥患者中神经介导性晕厥比例最高(80.30％),发生短期不良事件比例较低(27.36％),神经介导性晕厥的起始病因存在差异,与患者合并的基础疾病密切相关.心源性晕厥发生短期不良事件比例最高(61.11％),患者就诊时收缩压、末梢血氧饱和度、B型钠尿肽水平、血肌酐水平在短期不良事件发生与否的两组患者中存在显著差异(P<0.05).结论 中青年患者的晕厥发作虽然良性病因居多,但可能的严重病因在临床诊疗中不容忽略,要尽力查找原因及合并症,控制晕厥反复,避免不良事件发生.

Objective To investigate the hemodynamic parameter characteristics of patients with neurogenic orthostatic hypotension（nOH） in the head-up tilt test（HUTT）. Methods Patients diagnosed with typical nOH in the syncope clinic of our hospital were selected. Hemodynamic parameters of these patients during HUTT including systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure, heart rate, stroke volume, cardiac output and systemic vascular resistance in the supine and tilted upright positions were collected, and retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into two groups according to age（age≥60 years group with 46 patients and age＜60 years group with 36 patients）. The characteristics of the above hemodynamic parameters were compared between the two groups in the supine position, and at the 1 st, 2 nd, and 3 rd minute in tilted upright position. Results For all patients, systemic vascular resistance does not increase from the supine to the tilted upright position. The increase of heart rate, the decrease of stroke volume and their degree of variability from the supine to the titled upright position are significantly lower in patients≥60 years than those in patients ＜60 years. Conclusion In patients with typical nOH, the increase of systemic vascular resistance from the supine position to the tilted upright position is impaired. Among these patients ＜60 years, heart rate increases and stroke volume decreases significantly in the tilted upright position.

Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of transcranial Doppler（TCD） combined with head-up tilt test（HUTT） in patients with orthostatic cerebral hypoperfusion syndrome（OCHOs）. Methods We selec-ted the patients going to hospital due to syncope or suspected orthostatic intolerance, and their etiology was consi-dered as OCHOs. Cerebral blood flow parameters and hemodynamic parameters of patients were collected separately by TCD and HUTT, and healthy control group was set up. TCD cerebral blood flow parameters and HUTT hemodynamic parameters were compared between the OCHOs patients and the control group. Results A total of 56 OCHOs patients（case group） and 21 healthy adults in the control group are enrolled. In terms of TCD cerebral blood flow parameters, compared with the supine position, the absolute values of the decrease of systolic, end-diastolic and mean cerebral blood flow velocity in the case group are significantly higher than those in the control group during the tilt upright position; the absolute values of the increase of pulse index and circulation resistance index are also significantly higher than those in the control group（P＜0.01）. There is no significant difference in HUTT hemodynamic parameters between the two groups（P＞0.05）. The receiver operator characteristic curve is drawn. Compared with the supine position, systolic, end-diastolic and mean cerebral blood flow velocity in the case group decrease by 14.5, 9.5 and 13.5 cm/s, respectively during the tilt upright position. Their sensitivity is separately 94.6%, 87.5% and 91.1% while the specificity is separately 95.2%, 85.7% and 95.2% in diagnosing OCHOs（P＜0.01）. Conclusion TCD combined with HUTT plays an important role in diagnosing OCHOs.

Objective: Head-up Tilt Testing (HUTT) is a widely used medical tool for the diagnosis of unexplained syncope. Current HUTT protocols, however, are time-consuming. This study aims to investigate the feasibility of using hemodynamic monitoring and machine learning techniques to achieve early prediction of HUTT outcome for syncope patients. Methods: A total of 209 subjects participated in this study from June 2016 to November 2019, and hemodynamic signals were collected via a Finometer device (Finapres Medical Systems BV, The Netherlands). We extracted features with a total dimension of 4,313 from the early 18 min (5 min of supine position and 13 min of tilting position). A genetic algorithm (GA) was introduced for feature selection, and an index called the selection ratio (SR) was proposed to further analyze the GA selection result. Four machine learning models were established for this classification task, and their performance results were compared. Results: The maximum tilting duration was shortened from 35 min to 13 min, and a best area under receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.94 via 5-fold cross-validation was obtained by the SVR model, with a sensitivity of 0.86 and a specificity of 0.82. The performance of all algorithms improved after feature selection by GA. Conclusion: The proposed approach is a promising method to shorten the diagnosis time compared to the existing diagnosis process. The GA introduced in this study is an effective feature selection tool to improve model performance. The proposed SR index effectively contributes to the usability and interpretability of the model.

Background: Failure to activate autonomic neural and hormonal reflex mechanisms could result in orthostatic hypotension. Patients with orthostatic hypotension often experience symptoms of cerebral hypoperfusion, including syncope. The purpose of this study was to investigate the haemodynamic characteristics of patients with orthostatic hypotension and the factors affecting blood pressure regulation. Methods : This retrospective study enrolled 45 patients who were diagnosed with typical orthostatic hypotension by the head-up tilt test at Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University from June 2019 to December 2020. Changes in haemodynamic parameters in these patients were compared in the supine and tilted upright positions. Results : For all patients, haemodynamic parameters in the supine and tilted upright positions were compared, and systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, mean blood pressure, cardiac output and stroke volume were all significantly decreased per minute. Heart rate significantly increased per minute, but systemic vascular resistance did not significantly change. The absolute value, percentage and rate of increases in heart rate and the absolute value, percentage and rate of decreases in stroke volume from the supine to the titled upright position were significantly lower in patients 60 years and older than in patients under 60 years old. Linear regression analyses found that the changes in heart rate, stroke volume and systemic vascular resistance were related to changes in systolic blood pressure, while the changes in stroke volume and systemic vascular resistance had more important effects on systolic blood pressure. Conclusions : In patients with orthostatic hypotension, we observed no significant increase in systemic vascular resistance from the supine position to the tilted upright position. Nevertheless, an increase in systemic vascular resistance had a significant impact on the maintenance of systolic blood pressure. In addition, in orthostatic hypotension patients younger than 60 years of age, heart rate increased while stroke volume decreased significantly after tilting upright compared with orthostatic hypotension patients older than 60 years of age and older.

目的 对照剖析老年晕厥患者的危险分层评判规则.方法 对2017年1月—2019年11月就诊于首都医科大学北京天坛医院的140例老年晕厥患者分别应用ROSE规则、SFSR规则、FAINT规则快速对照评估并随访1个月,逐一对各规则的灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值、阳性似然比、阴性似然比进行计算,并对比分析.结果 随访显示140例老年晕厥患者中的45例在1个月内发生不良事件,ROSE、SFSR、FAINT规则评判的灵敏度分别是84.4％、77.8％、91.1％;各规则评判的特异度分别是87.4％、84.2％、38.9％;阴性预测值分别是92.2％、88.9％、90.2％;阴性似然比分别是0.18、0.26、0.22.ROSE、SFSR、FAINT规则与随访发生不良事件一致性分析Kappa值分别是0.698、0.602、0.228.结论 3种规则对老年晕厥患者的风险评判具有不同的实践意义,综合理解有助于实现对老年患者快速危险分层.

Objective To study whether the head-up tilt test(HUTT) with an appropriate increased tilt angle can produce similar hemodynamic effects during shortened tilt duration with the effects of traditional lower angle tilt protocol.Methods Twenty-two healthy volunteers participated in this study.Two different drug-free tilt test protocols were used.First,tilt test was performed with the 60° standard protocol (60SP group) for 45 min,after 14 days,the second tilt test was performed with the 75° short duration protocol for 20 min (75SD group).Noninvasive beat-to-beat blood pressure was measured with an infrared finger photoplethysmograph during the two tilt test protocols,while heart rate (HR),blood pressure,stroke volume(SV),cardiac output(CO),systemic vascular resistance(SVR) and baroreflex sensitivity(BRS) were estimated.Results No significant difference was found in HR,MAP,SV,CO,SVR and BRS between the two tilt tests with different protocols in the supine position before tilt.No significant hemodynamic change was found in the initial responses to the two different tilt angles.In the evolution of up-right position,only a significant difference could be found in SV (P=0.01) between 60SP for 45 min and 75SD for 20 min around all hemodynamic parameters.Conclusion It is suggested that most hemodynamic responses to higher tilt angle with shorten time duration are equal to the effects of traditional lower tilt angle with longer time duration.The tilt test protocol with higher angle and shorten time duration will save the diagnostic time for clinical application with the similar effectiveness.

目的 评价0.25 mg低剂量硝酸甘油激发直立倾斜试验(head-up tilt testing,HUTT)诊断血管迷走性晕厥(vasovagal syncope,VVS)的临床可行性.方法 入选疑似VVS患者进行0.25 mg低剂量硝酸甘油激发HUTT检查,通过无创连续逐搏血压监测数据的脱机分析,获取阳性率和达到阳性反应时间,并与既往国内外研究相比较.结果 共入组疑似VVS患者343例,241例(70.3％)在HUTT过程中出现了阳性结果,其中混合型83例(34.4％),心脏抑制型2例(0.8％),血管减压型156例(64.7％).低剂量硝酸甘油药物激发阶段阳性率与国外既往研究差异无统计学意义,整体阳性率与国外既往研究差异无统计学意义,但高于国内既往研究(70.3％vs 64％,P=0.016).低剂量硝酸甘油激发阶段出现阳性反应的时间低于国外既往使用0.3 mg片剂舌下含服激发的研究(5.0±2.2 min vs 7±8 min,P=0.001),与使用0.4 mg硝酸甘油舌下喷雾研究结果的差异无统计学意义(P>0.99).结论 0.25 mg低剂量硝酸甘油激发HUTT的阳性率和达到阳性反应时间与国外0.4 mg硝酸甘油激发HUTT的结果无差异,具有临床应用的可行性.

目的 分析血管迷走性晕厥(vasovagal syncope,VVS)患者在直立倾斜试验(head-up tilt test,HUTT)初始阶段的血流动力学变化.方法 连续入选2016年6月-2019年12月在首都医科大学附属北京天坛医院神经心脏病学中心就诊并进行HUTT的VVS患者进行回顾性研究.分析HUTT结果阴性及不同阳性类型患者在HUTT平卧期和倾斜初期的收缩压、舒张压、平均动脉压、心率、每搏量、心输出量、系统血管阻力的差异.结果 研究共入组VVS患者303例,其中HUTT阴性组102例(33.7％),HUTT阳性患者中混合型组67例(22.1％)、血管减压型组132例(43.6％)、心脏抑制型组2例(0.6％)(例数过少未纳入统计分析).混合型组在平卧期收缩压、平均动脉压、每搏量、心输出量均显著低于HUTT阴性组(均P<0.05),在倾斜初期收缩压、平均动脉压、每搏量、心输出量均低于HUTT阴性组;血管减压型组在平卧期舒张压、平均动脉压低于HUTT阴性组,在倾斜初期收缩压、舒张压和平均动脉压低于HUTT阴性组.混合型组平卧期和倾斜初期心输出量均低于血管减压型组,系统血管阻力均显著高于血管减压型组(均P<0.05).结论 不同HUTT结果的VVS患者在倾斜试验初始阶段已存在了明显的血流动力学差异.

目的 对比理解急诊晕厥患者的危险分层评估方法.方法 应用英国ROSE规则、美国SFSR规则分别对2016-06至2018-11在北京天坛医院就诊的108例晕厥患者快速评估,对所有患者随访1个月,统计分析其灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值、阳性似然比、阴性似然比,并对比分析两种危险分层的规则.结果 108例在1个月内有43例发生不良事件,ROSE规则评判的特异度86.2％,阴性预测值90.3％,阴性似然比0.16;而SFSR规则评判的特异度84.6％,阴性预测值85.9％,阴性似然比0.25.二种规则一致性分析的Kappa值是0.732.结论 两种危险分层规则对筛查判定非高危患者均具有重要的临床意义,可以结合患者临床实际灵活运用.

Objective To understand the common causes of syncope patients in the emergency department and analyze ROSE rule for patients’evaluation. Methods 135 patients with syncope who were admitted in Beijing Tiantan Hospital from June 2016 to January 2019 were selected. The clinical data were retrospectively analyzed and the patients were evaluated by ROSE rules. Results Among 135 patients with syncope, 81 cases (60.0%) were neuro-mediated syncope, 31 cases (23.0%) were cardiogenic syncope, 13 cases (9.6%) were orthostatic hypotensive syncope and 10 cases (7.4%) were other reasons. Among them, neuro-mediated syncope accounted for a larger proportion in the middle-aged group, while cardiogenic syncope accounted for a larger proportion in the old-aged group. The incidence of short-term adverse outcomes was higher in the old patients (45.7%) and higher in cardiogenic syncope (87.1%). The ROSE rule has the clinical significance of screening non-high-risk patients. Conclusions Doctors in the emergency department should comprehensively understand the causes of syncope and quickly evaluate risk stratification according to patients'clini?cal manifestations and ROSE rules, and then provide reasonable and effective treatments for patients, in addition, we should pay much more attention to the old patients and patients with cardiogenic syncope, in order to improve the pa?tients’prognosis and quality of life.

For the problem of noninvasive continuous blood pressure algorithm with un-accuracy, a novel multi-parameter fusion algorithm based on BP neural network is proposed, according to the formation from electrocardiogram and photoplethysmograph of arterial blood pressure. The improved Pan Tompkins algorithm is used to extract the R peak of electrocardiogram, and difference-threshold algorithm is used to extract the features points of photo-plethysmograph, and the fifteen feature parameters relative to blood pressure are extracted and used to establish the model of blood pressure to estimate the beat-to-beat systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure. The factor analysis method is used to analyze the weight of each parameter. The results show that the weight order is pulse transit time, time information, photoplethysmography area information, amplitude information and area ratio. The algorithm is tested in the TianTan Hospital, and the means +/- standard difference of single measurement errors are respectively -1.57 +/- 6.12 mmHg and -0.62 +/- 4.82 mmHg, the means +/- standard difference, D. of repeated measurement errors are respectively -2.12 +/- 5.10 mmHg and -2.52 +/- 4.41 mmHg, for systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure. And the measurement accuracy for systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure reaches Grade A of BHS standard and AAMI standard.

The isoelectric point of shortened glucagon-like peptide-1, a promising new drug to therapy of type 2 diabetes, was determined using a new generation of capillary isoelectric focusing-whole column imaging. Urea was added as a solubilizer to enhance the stability and repeatability of shortened glucagon-like peptide-1. The isoelectric point of shortened glucagon-like peptide-1 measured by capillary isoelectric focusing-whole column imaging was 4.49, which was similar to the theoretical value of 4.40. Furthermore, the accuracy and repeatability of capillary isoelectric focusing-whole column imaging were investigated. The results showed that this approach provided good accuracy (bias less than 2%) and excellent repeatability (coefficients of variation less than 0.25%). The isoelectric focusing coupled with whole column imaging required only a few minutes for an assay. The study demonstrated that the capillary isoelectric focusing-whole column imaging is useful for the quality control and characterization of peptide and proteins because of its accuracy, repeatability, high performance, and high throughput.