Physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and sleep are three behaviours which occupy the 24-h cycle and interact to influence a multitude of health outcomes. Different terms are currently used to describe these behaviours collectively (e.g., movement behaviours or physical behaviours). The lack of clear and consistent terminology makes it hard to compare, interpret, and build on research findings. As a first step towards developing consensus on what terminology to use for discussing the 24-h cycle of physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and sleep, we conducted a scoping review to identify the breadth of terminology used to describe this phenomenon. All searches occurred between September 18th – 20th 2024. We searched nine databases: Medline, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycInfo, Web of Science, Scopus, ERIC, Education Source, and Compendex from inception to September 18th 2024. The Journal of Activity, Sedentary and Sleep Behaviors and the International Network of Time-Use Epidemiologists (INTUE) publication lists were manually searched on September 19th – 20th 2024. Peer-reviewed articles were included if they 1) were published in English, Spanish, Portuguese, French, Chinese, Korean, or Japanese; 2) focused on humans; and 3) describe physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and sleep in an integrated manner. We identified different terminologies used for collectively discussing physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and sleep across the 24-h cycle. Our search identified 10,749 articles of which 979 articles met our inclusion criteria. Across all articles, 199 different terms were used to describe physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and sleep collectively. The term movement behaviours was used in 673 articles, 24-h movement behaviours was used in 457 articles, physical behaviours was used in 58 articles, 24-h activity cycle was used in 36 articles, and time-use behaviours was used in 31 articles. The two most popular terms for describing the collective interaction of physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and sleep are movement behaviours and 24-h movement behaviours. However, there is not yet an internationally recognized and agreed-upon term for holistically describing the 24-h cycle of physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and sleep. Developing a homogeneous and widely accepted set of terminology and definitions is thus critical if we hope to ensure clarity, enhance reproducibility, and enable the translation of future research into coherent guidelines, policies, and practices for these behaviours.

Abstract Gaining meaning from nature contact can promote subjective well‐being. However, few studies have validated the effectiveness of nature‐based meaning interventions in enhancing subjective well‐being. This study consisted of a 7‐day online intervention to examine the effects of nature‐based meaning‐focused photography on well‐being by comparing a photo‐only group, a photo + writing group, and a waiting list control group and how meaning in life mediates the relationship between nature contact and well‐being. A pre‐registered three‐arm randomized controlled trial (groups: photo + writing group vs. photo‐only group vs. control group) * (time: pre‐test vs. post‐test vs. 1‐month follow‐up) was conducted with 219 college students. In the photo + writing group, participants captured nature scenes and wrote 100‐word reflections. The photo‐only group only took nature photos. The primary outcomes were meaning in life and well‐being, and the secondary outcome was life satisfaction. A conservative Bayesian causal forest analysis based on machine learning was used to detect both treatment and heterogeneous intervention effects. Compared with the control group, the photo + writing group showed positive effects on meaning in life, subjective well‐being, and life satisfaction, with average treatment effects of 0.36, 0.27, and 0.66 standard deviations (SD), respectively. The photo‐only group also showed generally positive effects on these outcomes, with average treatment effects of 0.27, 0.24, and 0.54 SD, respectively. However, these effects were not sustained after 1 month. The intervention was especially beneficial for participants from lower subjective socioeconomic status, with limited prior nature exposure, or lower baseline psychological well‐being. Importantly, enhanced meaning in life helped explain how the intervention improved well‐being and life satisfaction. This study also demonstrated that combining nature‐based photography and reflective writing can improve well‐being.

Artificial intelligence (AI)-powered assessment, with its ability to process multimodal data and support real-time evaluation, is transforming traditional psychological assessment. However, the predictive performance of AI-powered assessments, such as the area under the curves (AUCs), and their clinical applicability remain unclear. Adolescence, marked by heightened neuroplasticity and psychological vulnerability, demands more precise approaches to assessment and intervention to promote mental health. This review developed a multimodal assessment framework that integrates both modality type and disorder type, and conducted a large language model (LLM) assisted meta-analysis in adolescent populations. Eight databases were systematically searched from inception to December 12, 2025. Studies that used AI-powered assessments of adolescent mental outcomes were included. A total of 188 studies involving 4,794,001 participants (aged 10-19 years) met the inclusion criteria. In the meta-analysis, we included studies that determined mental health outcomes using gold-standard assessments (e.g., clinical interviews) or self-reported behavioral indices (k = 154). The mean AUCs ranged from 0.75 to 0.85 under internal validation (performance tested within the same dataset used for model development) and 0.76 to 0.96 under external validation (performance tested in a new, independent dataset) across various mental health outcomes, indicating good discrimination. Subgroup analyses showed that multi-modal achieved higher AUCs than single-modality models for depression and suicide. AI holds promise for adolescent mental health assessment, with performance varying by data modality and mental health outcome. These findings may inform the development of AI-driven clinical decision support systems. However, integration into routine care requires staged, externally validated, and reciprocal clinical transition approaches that align with real-world clinical workflows. It is also essential to enhance clinical interpretability, deployment, ethical governance, and cultural adaptation to ensure equitable access to mental health resources.

The aim of the current study was to develop and validate an age-specific resilience scale, the Resilience Instrument for Older Adults (RIOA), in a total sample of community-dwelling Chinese older adults (N = 470, with 112 males and 358 females) in Hong Kong, China. A sequential approach was used to develop the RIOA in three stages. In Study 1, scale candidate items were generated and initial content validity of the RIOA were explored. In Study 2, the factorial structure of the RIOA was extracted using exploratory factor analysis. In Study 3, exploratory structural equation modeling was conducted to test the structure. The reliability and validity of the RIOA were also examined. A pool of 70 candidate items for RIOA was established with good content validity in Study 1. In Study 2, seven factors were identified to construct resilience with 27 items: perseverance, self-reliance, spirituality, social support, living in the moment, environmental support, and meaningfulness, reflecting internal, external and existential dimensions. In Study 3, the RIOA demonstrated acceptable internal consistency (alpha = 0.87) and good criterion as well as construct validities, with 24 items finally confirmed. The measurement model also displayed satisfying model fit and was proven invariant across gender. This study provided a reliable and valid age-specific instrument for the measurement of resilience in older people. It is believed that this measure could be utilised in older adults who might benefit from exposure to resilience-based interventions geared toward strengthening quality of life.

OBJECTIVE:Alzheimer's disease (AD) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) are prevalent neurodegenerative diseases characterized by altered brain functional connectivity (FC), affecting over 100 million people worldwide. This study aims to identify distinct FC patterns as potential biomarkers for differential diagnosis. METHODS:Resting-state EEG data from 36 AD patients, 23 FTD patients, and 29 healthy controls were analyzed using time-frequency and bandpass filtering FC metrics. These metrics were estimated through Pearson's correlations, mutual information, and phase lag index, and served as input features in a support vector machine (SVM) with Leave-One-Out Cross-Validation for group classification. RESULTS:Both AD and FTD exhibited significantly decreased FC in the theta band within the frontal lobe and increased FC in the beta band in the posterior regions. Additionally, a decreased FC in central regions at theta band was observed uniquely in AD, but not in FTD. SVM classification accuracies reached 95% for AD and 86% for FTD. CONCLUSIONS:High classification accuracies underscore the potential of these FC alterations as reliable biomarkers for AD and FTD. SIGNIFICANCE:This is the first study to integrate time-frequency and bandpass filtering FC metrics to reveal brain network alterations in AD and FTD, providing new insights for diagnostics and neurodegenerative pathologies.

The increasing prevalence of stress underscores the demand for effective, self-administered mobile mental health interventions, yet their efficacy and accessibility are still unclear. Here, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to classify self-administered mobile stress management interventions, compare their efficacy and examine their moderators. We searched PsycINFO, PubMed, Web of Science, MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, Scopus and PsycARTICLES from database inception to 20 November 2023. Eligible studies were randomized controlled trials on peer-reviewed, Internet-based, self-administered psychological interventions for stress reduction in healthy or subhealthy adults. A total of 63 studies with 20,454 participants were included (68.18% female; mean age 39.14 years). Integrated expert insights with large language models to develop a three-dimensional framework encompassing theoretical foundation, human support and mobile technology. Intervention labels were independently coded by the authors and ChatGPT. The included studies' quality was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2.0 tool. Bayesian network meta-analysis and Bayesian meta-regression were used to explore comparative efficacy and potential moderators. The framework classified and compared 19 mobile stress interventions, identifying key moderating factors for optimization. Stress management programmes, problem-solving therapy and mindfulness meditation ranked the top. There was no conclusive evidence that human support or mobile technology significantly enhanced intervention outcomes. The evidence is subject to sex imbalance and quality risk, while the limited statistical power of meta-regression warrants caution in interpreting moderator effects. Our findings provide insights for designing more effective and scalable stress interventions and offer promising strategies to reduce health service disparities and advance the Sustainable Development Goals.

Stress must not be avoided unilaterally because adaptive mindsets toward stress and stress-induced emotions are associated with better mental health outcomes. However, few studies have explored the reciprocal relationships between adaptive mindsets and mental health. This study assessed the role of trait-level stress-is-enhancing mindsets in the dynamic interplay between emotional growth mindsets and mental health in real-life contexts. Using ecological momentary assessment, 196 participants recorded daily stressful events, emotional growth mindsets following these events, depression and life satisfaction four times daily over 10-12 days, after completing baseline measures of stress-is-enhancing mindsets. Dynamic structural equation modeling was used to examine the cross-lagged associations between daily emotional growth mindsets and mental health indicators and to investigate the moderating role of stress-is-enhancing mindsets in these relationships. The findings suggest that increased emotional growth mindsets predict decreased depressive symptoms and elevated life satisfaction on the next occasion. Moreover, heightened levels of life satisfaction predict subsequent increases in the emotional growth mindsets. In tandem with the principal findings, this study underscores that the inverse link between preceding depressive symptoms and subsequent emotional growth mindsets, as well as the positive association between life satisfaction and subsequent emotional growth mindsets, is amplified for individuals endorsing higher stress-is-enhancing mindsets. These findings have noteworthy clinical implications since interventions geared toward fostering adaptive mindsets have the potential to simultaneously mitigate vulnerability to depression and amplify life satisfaction. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

The change patterns of well-being when under stress are contentious issues. The hedonic adaptation theory and sustainable happiness theory suggest divergent patterns, potentially tied to the distinction between hedonic and eudemonic well-being. This study aimed to explore how daily stress and lifetime stress influence short-term change patterns in hedonic and eudemonic well-being. The study involved 241 participants in a 14-day daily diary study. Unconditional and parallel latent growth models were constructed to examine the trajectories of well-being and how daily and lifetime stress influence baseline levels and change rates of well-being. Over the 14 days, a marked decline in both hedonic and eudemonic well-being was observed. Greater daily stress was correlated with lower baseline levels (β= −0.191, p = 0.011, 95%CI = [−0.315, −0.067]; β= −0.359, p < 0.001, 95%CI = [−0.481, −0.238]) and a slower decline rate (β= 0.346, p = 0.009, 95%CI = [0.130, 0.562]; β= 0.339, p = 0.001, 95%CI = [0.163, 0.515]) of both types of well-being. Lifetime stress had a minimal impact on baseline levels (β= −0.025, p = 0.003, 95%CI = [−0.039, −0.012]) and change rates (β= −0.016, p = 0.336, 95%CI = [−0.044, 0.011]) of hedonic well-being, aligning with the propositions of hedonic adaptation theory. Conversely, higher lifetime stress was linked to lower baseline levels (β= −0.141, p = 0.042, 95%CI = [−0.255, −0.027]) and a faster decline (β= −0.198, p = 0.040, 95%CI = [−0.356, −0.039]) in eudemonic well-being, consistent with the posits of sustainable happiness theory. This study revealed the inconsistent impacts of lifetime stress on hedonic and eudemonic well-being, with changes in eudemonic well-being proving to be more sustainable.

Objective: Individuals experiencing higher stress levels tend to consume fewer fruits and vegetables compared to their less stressed counterparts. Thus, to promote fruit and vegetable (FV) consumption, action planning has been proven effective in translating behavioral intentions into actual dietary behaviors. This study aims to evaluate a 7-day intervention designed to improve FV planning and intake, while also examining the role of stress. Methods: The trial employed a 3 (time: pretest, post-test, and follow-up) * 2 (group: intervention vs. control) between-participant factorial design. A total of 99 young Chinese adults (age = 23.84 years 4.63, 26 men) who had formed an explicit intention to consume more fruit and vegetables, participated in a 7-day online randomized controlled trial. Results: The intervention successfully enhanced FV planning as well as FV intake. Furthermore, a moderated mediation model revealed that FV planning mediated the relationship between experimental conditions and FV intake, with stress moderating this mediation. Specifically, planning facilitated FV intake for individuals with low stress levels, while this effect was not observed for those with high stress levels. Conclusion: These findings confirm the positive impact of the planning intervention on improving FV intake, particularly for individuals with low stress levels, and highlight stress as a barrier to health behavior change that warrants further attention in future studies. (c) 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.

Daily life is full of stressful events, but previous studies have inconsistent findings on how stress predicts daily activities. This study explored the relationship between perceived stress, activity choice, and happiness and meaning through an experience sampling method. Over 10 days, 205 participants reported their perceptions of momentary demands, resources, happiness, meaning, and activities four times a day, totaling 7362 observations. Stress was operationalised using both perceived demands and the ratio of demands to resources. Multilevel modelling showed that both concurrent demands and the demands-to-resources ratio were positively associated with meaning-increasing activities (e.g., working and studying) and negatively associated with activities that promote both happiness and meaning (e.g., eating and shopping). The ratio also predicted greater engagement in meditation, which also increases both happiness and meaning. Additionally, higher prior demands predicted reduced physical activity-an activity linked to increased happiness and meaning. These findings revealed behavioural tendencies and motivations under stress and offered implications for stress management in daily life.

Although global research on the 5Cs model of Positive Youth Development (PYD; competence, confidence, connection, character, and caring) has expanded in recent years, there is a lack of understanding about distinct and consistent PYD profiles across youth from diverse socio-cultural contexts. To address this gap, this study utilized a person-oriented analytic approach to examine the PYD profiles of 11,481 emerging adults (Mage = 21.77; SDage = 2.74; 68.66

Anxiety symptoms are among the most prevalent mental health disorders in adolescents, highlighting the need for scalable and accessible interventions. As anxiety often co-occurs with perceived stress during adolescence, stress interventions may offer a promising approach to reducing anxiety. Previous stress interventions have largely focused on the view that stress is harmful, aiming to manage and mitigate its negative effects. Stress optimization presents a novel intervention perspective, suggesting that stress can also lead to positive outcomes. However, it remains unclear whether stress optimization can effectively reduce anxiety symptoms in adolescents. We developed a single-session stress optimization intervention and investigated the conditions under which it was most effective. A large-scale randomized controlled trial was conducted (N = 1779, aged 12-18 years), with participants reporting their perceived stress, stress mindset, and anxiety over a two-month follow-up period. Machine learning is a promising approach for assessing personalized intervention effects. Conservative Bayesian causal forest analysis was employed to detect both treatment and heterogeneous intervention effects. The findings revealed that the intervention effectively reduced anxiety symptoms in the school context over a two-month follow-up (0.87 posterior probability). Furthermore, adolescents with higher anxiety and perceived stress at baseline experienced the most significant reductions in anxiety outcomes (standard deviations of -0.18 and -0.11 respectively). The single-session stress optimization intervention demonstrated potential for cost-effective scaling.

The Affect Regulation-based Resilience Scale (ARRS) was developed as an integrative tool to assess adults' psychological resilience. Utilizing a two-phase approach, the process consisted of item generation followed by rigorous psychometric evaluation. Initial interviews informed item selection, which subsequent analyses including confirmatory factor analysis and validity and reliability analysis using two adult samples (n = 424 and n = 425). Criterion-related validity was established by examination relationships between the ARRS, and key constructs: psychological resilience, stress-related growth, emotion regulation, coping, depression, anxiety, stress, and subjective well-being. The scale was developed through theoretical and empirical validation, identifying four dimensions (inner resources and goal orientation, positive stress mindset, self and life evaluation, and sensitivity) and comprising 34 validated items. Results indicated satisfactory item performance and good fit for the four-factor model. The ARRS demonstrated significant positive correlations with psychological resilience, stress-related growth, cognitive reappraisal, and subjective well-being, while showing negative correlation with depression, anxiety, expressive suppression and stressr. By integrating coping and emotion-regulation approaches, the ARRS represents a psychometrically robust measure for assessing adults' psychological resilience.

In recent decades, non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) has gained attention as a potential tool for promoting dietary regulation by modulating activity in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC). However, the findings from individual experimental studies and meta-analyses have been inconsistent. To address this, we conducted a meta-analytic and systematic review of past studies focusing on neuromodulation of the dlPFC. Our research included 13 studies using repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS; 16 samples, 506 participants) and 29 transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS; 31 samples, 1004 participants). By adjusting the pre-post correlation, we detected small-to-moderate effect sizes of NIBS on food craving (rTMS: Hedge's g = -0.57; tDCS: Hedge's g = -0.26) and food consumption (rTMS: Hedge's g = -0.51; tDCS: Hedge's g = -0.17). Additionally, we observed that the efficacy of NIBS was influenced by various moderators, including stimulation parameters, research protocols, and participant characteristics. Notably, both rTMS and tDCS appeared to enhance dlPFC function in dietary regulation for people with eating disorders or obesity. Furthermore, these effects were more pronounced with multi-session stimulation compared to single-session stimulation. Finally, based on the existing literature, we discuss the role of the dlPFC in the appetitive reward processing pathway and provide suggestions for future research directions.

Anxiety is highly prevalent among adults. Evidence suggests that perceived stress controllability and emotional growth mindsets are associated with decreased anxiety. However, whether these positive factors synergistically contribute to reducing the impact of stress on anxiety remains unclear, especially within everyday stress contexts. Multilevel models were used to investigate how perceived stress controllability and emotional growth mindsets interacted to mitigate the adverse impact of daily stress on anxiety, differentiating within- and between-person effects. Overall, 198 participants completed ecological momentary assessments of perceived stress intensity and controllability, emotional growth mindsets, and anxiety four times daily over 10-12 consecutive days. The within-person analyses showed that high emotional growth mindsets buffer the link between perceived stress intensity and anxiety. More importantly, the between-person and cross-level results suggested that the synergistic effect of emotional growth mindsets and perceived stress controllability maximally buffered the correlation between perceived stress intensity and anxiety. Additionally, these results highlighted that the positive association between perceived stress intensity and anxiety was most pronounced among participants with low emotional growth mindsets and perceived stress controllability. These findings further support a synergistic intervention approach that emphasizes anxiety alleviation through enhanced perceived stress controllability and the development of emotional growth mindsets.

This study aimed to examine the internal structure of the Self-Compassion Scale and apply a person-centered latent profile analysis (LPA) to explore the relationship between self-compassion and meaning in life (MIL) among adolescents. Data were collected in two waves, 1 month apart, from 946 Chinese adolescents (Mage = 16.58; 57.19

BackgroundGiven the ubiquity of stress, a key focus of stress research is exploring how to better coexist with stress. ObjectiveThis study conducted text analysis on stress-related Weibo posts using a web crawler to investigate whether these posts contained positive emotions, as well as elements of mental time travel and meaning-making. A mediation model of mental time travel, meaning-making, and positive emotions was constructed to examine whether meaning-making triggered by mental time travel can foster positive emotions under stress. MethodsUsing Python 3.8, the original public data from active Weibo users were crawled, yielding 331,711 stress-related posts. To avoid false positives, these posts were randomly divided into two large samples for cross-validation (sample 1: n=165,374; sample 2: n=166,337). Google’s natural language processing application programming interface was used for word segmentation, followed by text and mediation analysis using the Chinese psychological analysis system “Wenxin.” A mini–meta-analysis of the mediation path coefficients was conducted. Text analysis identified mental time travel words, meaning-making words, and positive emotion words in stress-related posts. ResultsThe constructed mediation model of mental time travel words (time words), meaning-making words (causal and insightful words), and positive poststress emotions validated positive adaptation following stress. A mini–meta-analysis of two different mediation models constructed in the two subsamples indicated a stable mediation effect across the 2 random subsamples. The combined effect size (B) obtained was .013 (SE 0.003, 95% CI 0.007-0.018; P<.001), demonstrating that meaning-making triggered by mental time travel in stress-related blog posts can predict positive emotions under stress. ConclusionsIndividuals can adapt positively to stress by engaging in meaning-making processes that are triggered by mental time travel and reflected in their social media posts. The study’s mediation model confirmed that mental time travel leads to meaning-making, which fosters positive emotional responses to stress. Mental time travel serves as a psychological strategy to facilitate positive adaptation to stressful situations.