Mercury (Hg) pollution poses a critical threat to human health and the environment, necessitating urgent control measures. This study introduces a novel modification method for the common zero-valent iron-carbon (ZVI-AC) galvanic cells using a two-step process, nonthermal (NTP) irradiation followed by targeted functionalization, aiming to enhance Hg adsorption potential by adjusting the physicochemical properties of the cells. The NTP irradiated functionalized adsorbent demonstrated superior Hg adsorption performance across various concentrations and pH variations. Multichannel adsorption mechanisms were confirmed by fitting a total of 22 different adsorption isotherm models, indicating the coexistence of monolayer and multilayer adsorption processes. The NTP irradiation modifies the ZVI and AC, inducing nitrogen and oxygen doping on carbon-based surfaces and oxidizing ZVI to Fe(II)-Fe(III) species. The deepened oxidation of Fe in NTP-Fe-C, coupled with Hg2+ reduction to elemental Hg by raw Fe, contributed to Hg removal. NTP irradiation facilitated electron transfer between Fe and Hg, promoting oxidation of Fe and reduction of Hg2+ cations. The emergence of diverse Hg species further supported the multichannel adsorption/removal mechanism achieved by NTP-irradiated cells. This method offers a promising solution to Hg pollution and expands the application of the traditional iron-carbon galvanic cells in treating hazardous heavy metal wastes.

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), as a valuable oxidant, has been extensively used in environmental applications. In the past decade, the electrochemical two-electron water oxidation reactions (2e− WOR) process have attracted considerable interest as a promising route to realize the decentralized production of H2O2. Nonetheless, a systematic review regarding the rational design strategies for electrochemical H2O2 synthesis systems through the 2e− WOR is still scarce, which is essential for advancing this burgeoning field. Hence, the basic knowledge of WOR, including the reaction mechanism, theoretical calculation prediction, and catalytic performance evaluation indicators, is introduced at the beginning of this review. Next, the different design strategies of catalysts and reaction medium modulation for H2O2 production by the 2e− WOR route are critically discussed and reviewed. Ultimately, some significant perspectives are proposed on the challenges and opportunities of 2e− WOR for H2O2 generation based on recent advances.

Peroxymonosulfate-mediated advanced oxidation processes (PMS-AOPs) degrading organic pollutants (Tetracycline (TC) as an example) in water with singlet oxygen (1O2) as the main reactive oxygen has received more and more attention. However, the generation mechanism of 1O2 is still unclear. Consequently, this study investigates the 1O2 formation mechanism during the activated PMS process using a nitrogen-copper-loaded carbon-based material (Cu0/Cu2O/CuO@N-C), synthesized by thermally decomposing organobase-modified HKUST-1 via a one-pot method. It was discovered that incorporating an organobase (Benzylamine) into the metal organic framework (MOF) precursor directs the MOF's self-assembly process and supplements its nitrogen content. This modification modulates the Nx-Cu-Oy active site formation in the material, selectively producing 1O2. Additionally, 1O2 was identified as the dominant reactive oxygen species in the Cu0/Cu2O/CuO@N-C-PMS system, contributing to TC degradation with a rate of 70.82%. The TC degradation efficiency remained high in the pH range of 3-11 and sustained its efficacy after five consecutive uses. Finally, based on the intermediates of TC degradation, three possible degradation pathways were postulated, and a reduction in the ecotoxicity of the degradation products was predicted. This work presents a novel and general strategy for constructing nitrogen-copper-loaded carbon-based materials for use in PMS-AOPs.

Heavy-metal ions are common pollutants in wastewater and are thus attracting considerable attention. Herein, an eco-friendly biodegradable adsorbent, iminodisuccinic acid (IDS) modified attapulgite (ATP) is prepared by graft-polymerization to reduce Cu(II) in water, referred as IDS-ATP. The equilibrium adsorption capacity of IDS-ATP for Cu(II) is increased by 329.5% and 272% compared with raw ATP and non-degradable chelator ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid-modified ATP (EDTA-ATP), respectively. Moreover, the adsorption capacities for Cu(II) in combined system increased by 186% compared with in single system. The structure and surface properties of IDS-ATP are characterized, demonstrating that the IDS moieties are anchored on the surface of ATP without structural damage. In the aqueous Cu(II) (64 mg /L), the best adsorption pH is 5.0, the best dosage is 800 mg/L, and the adsorption equilibrium time is 4 h. The adsorption of IDS-ATP is chemical adsorption and regenerated adsorbent still exhibits high adsorption capacity. The adsorption mechanism includes the coordination of amino groups with Cu(II), the chelation of -COOH on heavy metals (HMs), and the ion exchange. Taking Cu(II) as an example to study the process of IDS-ATP in water, it is beneficial to apply this degradable material to reduce the other HMs.

为验证淤泥电动修复技术去除重金属污染的有效性,以淤泥典型重金属污染物Cd2+为对象,结合低压直流淤泥扰动模拟装置,研究了电场作用下淤泥土的吸附特性及重金属离子扩散迁移规律.结果表明电场作用下淤泥土对Cd2+的饱和吸附量从0.438 mg/g提升至0.498 mg/g.淤泥土的XRD表征证实了矿物晶体的变化导致Zeta电位下降使得吸附能力提升.30 V电压下液相中的Cd2+向固相及电极网的迁移量增加,其中阴极电极网中Cd原子含量由0.05％提升至0.19％,主要原因是液相中Cd2+发生了电絮凝.此外,扰动条件下可以加速Cd2+吸附及电化学反应过程.

The chemical absorption of CO2 using amine aqueous solutions is the most well-established and efficient approach to CCUS technology. However, these solutions can corrode carbon steel infrastructure, impacting production safety and cost-effectiveness. This study identifies a high CO2 loading (1.2561 mol mol(-1)) ternary system of 1,4-butanediamine (BDA), ethylene glycol (EG), and 70 wt % H2O (BE70H). The corrosion behavior and mechanism of BE70H on 20# carbon steel (20CS) were studied by weight loss test, ICP-OES analysis, electrochemical experiment, and various characterization techniques, with 30 wt % MEA solution was selected as a reference. The results show that the CO2-loaded amine solution is more corrosive to 20CS than the fresh solution. Fresh and CO2-saturated BE70H solutions (BE70HS) exhibited lower corrosion rates and lower iron concentrations. The characterization results showed that the surface of 20CS corroded by BE70HS formed a dense siderite (FeCO3) film. This film is believed to provide better corrosion inhibition than the chukanovite (Fe2CO3(OH)(2)) film formed in MEA-saturated solutions. The quantum chemical parameters, such as E (HOMO), E (LUMO), and ?E, indicate that BDA molecules exhibit stronger adsorption on the surface of 20CS compared to MEA, effectively inhibiting the penetration of corrosive agents. The FeCO3 film and the adsorbed BDA layer on the 20CS surface are considered the major and minor pathways of corrosion inhibition, respectively. Furthermore, the phase separation behavior of the BE70H solution can potentially lead to differences in corrosiveness, making it a critical factor to consider in equipment anticorrosion design.

针对油脂废水成分复杂,水量、水质波动性大,含油量高,碳氮质量比较低的特点,废水处理站采用斜板隔油-涡凹气浮-ABR-接触氧化的组合处理工艺,特别是CPI斜板隔油和涡凹气浮,克服了浮油、分散油、乳化油、少量溶解油难以去除的问题.经过处理后出水COD质量浓度为95.2 mg/L,BOD5质量浓度为23.8 mg/L,SS质量浓度为62.0 mg/L,动植物油质量浓度为7.0 mg/L,去除率均大于96％,出水水质达到了GB 8978—1996《污水综合排放标准》的一级标准.运行实践表明该组合工艺用于油脂废水的处理是可行的.

对于微污染水源,生物陶粒滤池作为自来水厂的预处理是可行的,在适宜温度下,采用自然挂膜的形式是可以达到出水水质要求的.在实际运行过程中,气水比、过滤速度和反冲洗周期的参数选择对运行具有很大的影响.在进水NH3-N、TN和CODCr浓度分别为3.4～3.7、4.3～4.6 mg/L和35.0～38.0 mg/的情况下,稳定运行4 d左右,由出水水质可知,在气水比为1:1、过滤速度为7 m/h和反冲洗周期为48 h时,NH3-N、TN和COD的去除率为77.1％ ～83.3％、80.4％ ～87.0％和51.4％ ～72.2％,这样既能保证出水的NH3-N、TN和COD达标,又能每天节省运行费用50元左右.

随着污水处理厂出水标准越来越严格,高邮市某污水处理厂原一期百乐克(BIOLAK)工艺是无法满足要求的.针对这些问题,扩建及提标改造工程预处理采用水解酸化池,生化处理采用改良AAO工艺,深度处理采用"高密度沉淀池+深床反硝化滤池"组合工艺,确保出水水质稳定达标.改造工程包含扩建、提标两部分内容,生化处理扩建规模为3.5万m3/d,预处理和深度处理规模为6.0万m3/d.采用了较为先进的工艺设计理念,选取合理的设计参数,可供同类污水处理厂扩建及提标改造时参考.

Phototrophic biofilm is a relatively stable micro-ecosystem which consists of complex microbial synecology.Microbial cells and non-biological substances were embedded on the organic polymeric substrate which secreted by microorganisms.There are lots of photoautotrophic microorganisms exist on the surface of the biofilm,hence denitrification can still completed under the circumstance of lacking carbon source.In this paper,the formation mechanism and influencing factors of phototrophic biofilm are introduced,the application of phototrophic biofilm on purification of eutrophication source water and organic polymeric polluted source water are summarized.More research is necessary to develop the cost effective phototrophic biofilm for wastewater treatment under the conditions of lacking carbon source.

Anaerobic Ammonia technique of biological removal nitrogen is one of the hot point of water treatment research.This paper introduces the removal nitrogen mechanism,and analyses the influential factor of anaerobic ammonia.Finally,it discusses the way to remove nitrogen by controlling PH and temperature.

A Study has been made in a small rotary incineration to determine incineration technology. The results show that the combustion of municipal waste in two subsections can be realized in new type rotary incinerator, and reasonable control of air blowing can ensure steady combustion.

The formation and control of HC1 during the incineration of the modeling municipal organic solid wastes were studied both in a fix- bed and in a rotary incinerator. The HC1 formation increases with the augment of temperature. It can reach a certain rate of dechlorination under relative low temperature by adding Ca-compounds.

通过在本课题组自行设计的中空水冷转式垃圾焚烧炉上的实验研究,论文从工艺流程和NOx生成特性方面探讨了该新型焚烧炉的稳定燃烧和低污染排放技术特点;并与固定床焚烧炉作了实验研究比较,可知中空水冷转式垃圾焚烧炉在降低NOx浓度与提高燃尽率方面具有良好的性能.