笔者根据国内外研究以及十余年从业经验,总结提出露采高陡裸岩边坡主动防护与绿化常用技术方法,并对其适宜性进行分析,提供可借鉴的建议.

为分析土工袋袋内土体强度与剪胀特性,将土工袋看作一种加筋土,尝试采用常规加筋土"等效围压理论"解释土工袋加固原理,在此基础上研究编织袋张力对袋内土体强度和剪胀特性的影响,并通过离散单元法建立了土工袋双轴数值模型对理论结果进行验证.结果表明,编织袋张力提高了袋内土体强度,其强度提高值在平均应力与剪应力平面表示为一附加截距;经编织袋加固后的土体剪缩现象更为明显.

研究了不同再生骨料替代率下,不锈钢管与钢纤维增强再生混凝土组合柱的轴压性能,获得了试件的破坏形态、荷载-位移曲线和轴压刚度.结果表明:根据荷载-位移曲线的变化特征,可将试件按承载力稳定性分为不稳定和稳定两类;不稳定试件峰值荷载后的荷载-位移曲线快速探底,此后荷载开始缓慢提升,轴向变形快速增大;稳定试件峰值荷载后的荷载-位移曲线沿水平方向发展,试件的持荷能力突出;试件的轴压刚度在0.3～0.9倍的峰值荷载时达到最大,此时钢与混凝土的材料损伤相对较小,钢管对混凝土的约束效应相对有效;随着再生骨料替代率的增大,试件的轴压刚度逐渐降低;钢纤维抑制了裂缝的发展,维护了混凝土的整体性,从而提高了试件的轴压刚度.

土工袋护坡是一种新型边坡加固技术,其单体强度和耐久性以及组合体的稳定性均可满足一般护坡的要求,但其抗冲刷能力尚未得到有效评估.为了探究土工袋护坡的抗冲刷能力,进行了大型边坡人工降雨冲刷试验,对比分析了土工袋护坡、石笼护坡及无防护砂土边坡的降雨入渗量和泥沙冲刷量.试验结果表明土工袋护坡能够有效减少雨水下渗量,并大幅降低边坡的土质流失量;土工袋护坡的坡面侵蚀主要集中在土工袋的间隙处,土工袋与边坡接触处无明显径流通道.土工袋的防冲刷机理可归结为压坡作用、消能作用、阻水作用和反滤作用4个方面.

基于湖北省关闭、废弃矿山生态环境现状,结合国家、省层面相关政策、文件精神,选取湖北省"一芯两带三区"布局、湖北省精准扶贫现状、资源型城市可持续发展以及湖北省县(市、区)废弃露天矿山生态环境修复潜力等四个方面作为矿山生态环境修复潜力分析指标,运用层次分析法对潜力分析综合选出的32县(市、区)矿山生态环境修复进行潜力评价,结果为湖北省矿山生态环境修复潜力大的县级行政区16个,修复潜力中等的县级行政区16个.

The degradation of acephate in aqueous solutions was investigated with the ultrasonic and ozonation methods, as well as a combination of both. An experimental facility was designed and operation parameters such as the ultrasonic power, temperature, and gas flow rate were strictly controlled at constant levels. The frequency of the ultrasonic wave was 160 kHz. The ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopic and Raman spectroscopic techniques were used in the experiment. The UV-Vis spectroscopic results show that ultrasonication and ozonation have a synergistic effect in the combined system. The degradation efficiency of acephate increases from 60.6% to 87.6% after the solution is irradiated by a 160 kHz ultrasonic wave for 60 min in the ozonation process, and it is higher with the combined method than the sum of the separated ultrasonic and ozonation methods. Raman spectra studies show that degradation via the combined ultrasonic/ozonation method is more thorough than photocatalysis. The oxidability of nitrogen atoms is promoted under ultrasonic waves. Changes of the inorganic ions and degradation pathway during the degradation process were investigated in this study. Most final products are innocuous to the environment.

首先用氨基硫脲对海藻酸钠进行功能化改性,然后与磁性纳米Fe3 O4发生缩合反应,得到同时具有吸附性和磁性能的杂化海藻酸钠絮凝剂(ST-Fe),IR、XRD及TG的研究结果表明得到了目标产物.用该絮凝剂对重金属离子的絮凝研究结果表明,杂化海藻酸钠絮凝剂对于一些重金属离子吸附容量高,絮凝沉降速度快,分离效果好.其原因归于絮凝剂的纳米结构以及功能化基团.本研究的产物在快速去除污水中的重金属离子具有良好的应用前景.

Organophosphorus pesticides have very strong toxicity. Serious attention has been paid looking for an ef-fective way of degrading organophosphorus pesticides. This paper introduced an mechanism of ultrasonic degradation of organophosphorus pesticides. The research progress of ultrasonic degradation of five pesticides including methamidophos and etc. were summarized. A comparative analysis between degradation effect and key physical parameters was made. Some key technical problems focusing on applying ultrasonic degradation technology and the tendency of future development were proposed.

Covalently crosslinked and hydrophobically modified alginate hydrogels were prepared through esterification of alginic acid (ALG-H) with 1,10-decanediol that functioned as a crosslinking agent and hydrophobic component. The preparation was accomplished with one step and was carried out in N,N-dimethylformamide solution at a reduced pressure for removing the water produced. The characterization results confirmed the esterification of the products. The modified alginate hydrogels could be used as drug delivery vehicles for controlled release. The drug release study revealed that compared with a calcium alginate hydrogel the modified hydrogels possessed improved loading rate and encapsulation efficiency for the hydrophobic drug(ibuprofen), and a remarkable sustained release behavior was observed. The release kinetics was close to zero order, a desirable drug release pattern. The modified alginate hydrogels were nontoxic and were potentially applicable as a promising biomaterial. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2013. (c) 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers

A new flocculant was synthesized through the modification of alginate with thiosemicarbazide.The structure of the flocculant was characterized by FTIR,1H NMR and elemental analysis.The flocculantion behaviors for five heavy metal ions(Fe3+,Cu2+,Pb2+,Cd2+and Hg2+)were investigated.The results showed that the modified alginate flocculant had obvious flocculantion for the heavy metal ions at varied concentrations.The kinetics study demonstrated that the flocculation was completed rapidly.The products could potentially be used for the treatment of sewage containing heavy metal ions.

Ultrasonic irradiation is a promising method used for polymer degradation and polymerization. In this study, the degradation of alginate under ultrasonic irradiation was investigated. The macroradicals produced in the degradation process were used to initiate polymerization of styrene without adding any initiators and surfactants, and copolymers of styrene and alginate were obtained. The amphiphilic copolymers could form nano particles in aqueous solutions. A hydrophobic drug, ibuprofen, was loaded onto the copolymer gels for controlled release. The results showed that the hydrophobically modified alginate had higher drug loading and prolonged release time compared to those of the neat alginate.

湖北省矿产资源丰富,矿山开采同时带来了严重的矿山地质环境问题.近十年来,随着各级政府和矿山企业对矿山地质环境问题的重视,矿山地质环境保护与治理投入逐年增加.分析湖北省近年来在矿山地质环境保护与治理工作方面存在的问题,并为全省矿山地质环境保护与治理工作更加全面、科学、有效的开展提出建议,以供参考.

国家近十年来投入巨资对地质环境问题严重的矿山进行治理,每年国土资源部会同财政部根据总体计划对各省上报的项目进行评审筛选,立项的好坏直接影响申报能否成功。从立项的前瞻性、必要性、项目的可行性三方面进行介绍,为顺利开展矿山地质环境治理工程的立项工作提供参考。

The stratum is one of the most important geological entities in nature.By using the latest regional geological survey results(especially 1∶ 250 000Macheng regional geological survey),the authors make synthesis stratigraphic subregion on eastern Qinling-Dabie orogenic belt and its neighborhoods,propose the new division scheme of stratigraphicsubregion.Divided the research area into 2 statigraphic province,4 statigraphic region and 9 subregion based on its comprehensive features.The lithologic association of every stratum in this area and contact relationship of every lithostratigraphic unit are discussed.

Amphiphilic block copolymer of sodium polystyrene sulfonate (PSS) and polystyrene(St) was prepared under ultrasonic irradiation. The PSS fragment radicals created during the degradation process was used to initiate the polymerization of styrene(St), and a diblock copolymer of poly(SS-b-St) was obtained when the degradation of PSS and the polymerization of St occurred simultaneously. The block copolymers underwent self assembly in aqueous solution, and formed stable nano micelles with diameters of 95-128 nm. The influence of ultrasonic irradiation on the formation of the block copolymers and micelles were investigated.

The degradation of aqueous polystyrene sulfonate(PSS) irradiated by ultrasonic waves with low ultrasonic power(6W) and high frequency(439 similar to 855kHz) was studied. The effects of ultrasonic irradiation time, pH value, and ultrasonic frequency on the degradation were investigated. Molecular weight and molecular weight distribution of the degraded products were determined by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The structural change of PSS was analysized by Fourier-transformed infrared spectrometry (FTIR) and UV-vis spectrometer(UV). A radical scavenger of l,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH) was used to capture free radicals generated during the degradation. The degradation underwent a free radical mechanism which was evidenced by the experiments. The kinetics of the degradation follows first order reaction. The results revealed that ultrasonic irradiation resulted in breakage of two kinds of chemical bonding: the main chains of the polymer and benzene rings on side chain.

湖北省矿山种类多,矿山企业众多。矿山企业的采矿活动为省域经济的发展提供了物质基础,同时也产生了一系列地质环境问题。本文较全面地阐述了我省矿山开发引起的环境地质问题,主要有矿山次生地质灾害、侵占土地、水均衡破坏、土壤污染、尾矿库溃坝、水土流失、地表水污染、地下水污染等,探讨了矿山地质环境治理措施及效果,提出了针对性的矿山地质环境保护对策。

A novel chelating resin was synthesized in just one step under mild synthetic conditions. The synthesis was carried Out through the copolymerization of thiosemicarbazide and formaldehyde in an aqueous solution. The adsorption properties for some noble metal ions were investigated The results showed that the resin had high adsorption selectivity for Au(III) and Ag(I). The adsorption capacities for the two metal ions reached LIP to 7.3 and 11.8 mmol/g, respectively. The adsorption rate for the two metal ions in a dilute Solution was 99.9%. The adsorption fit first-order kinetics, and an isothermal adsorption study indicated that it corresponded to Langmuir monomolecular layer adsorption. The change in the bonding energy during the chelatin process was investigated with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The study revealed that nitrogen and sulfur atoms of the resins were electron donors and metal ions were electron acceptors in the process. (C) 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 112: 2455-2461, 2009

Anaerobic Ammonia technique of biological removal nitrogen is one of the hot point of water treatment research.This paper introduces the removal nitrogen mechanism,and analyses the influential factor of anaerobic ammonia.Finally,it discusses the way to remove nitrogen by controlling PH and temperature.

Degradation reaction of sodium alginate was carried out at ultrasound condition,some factors effected on the degradation were studied,and the formula on the viscosity of the polymer solution and time was obtained.