为全面摸清广东省南雄市丹霞梧桐自然保护区内药用植物种类,填补当地药用植物资源方面的漏缺,对保护区内的野生药用植物进行实地调查、文献查阅、专家咨询及相关内容分析.根据调查统计,保护区内现有野生药用植物159科453属704种,其中蕨类植物27科39属66种,裸子植物6科6属6种,被子植物126科408属632种.从药用植物资源的科属、入药部位、药性、药味等4个方面和珍稀保护植物种多样性进行了统计分析,并总结归纳了药用植物的多样性特征,为野生药用植物的开发利用和可持续发展提供有力的科学依据.

通过观测27个木槿品种的17个数量和质量性状,探究了木槿品种分类的等级和标准,便于为木槿品种的选育与资源研究等提供参考依据.首先对17个性状指标进行R型聚类分析和主成分分析,根据分析结果再对27个木槿品种进行Q型聚类分析.R型聚类分析结果表明,各性状选取是合理的;主成分分析结果表明,17个性状可综合为6个主成分,其累计贡献率达88.096％.Q型聚类结果表明,27个木槿品种根据有无丹心、花型、丹心基部形状、花瓣指数、花径、叶形、丹心线与丹心的关系可被分为2大类、3大类或8大类.16个性状对木槿品种的划分贡献较大.综合而言,有无丹心、花型、花瓣指数、丹心线与丹心的关系是木槿品种分类的主要标准和依据.

指出了胸径、树高及冠幅是十分重要的测树因子,探索它们之间的相关性有助于发现树木生长的内在规律.以长沙县古樟树为研究对象,运用7种常见的树木生长模型分别对树高-胸径、冠幅-胸径及冠幅-树高之间的相关性进行了拟合,结果表明:古樟树树高与胸径不存在相关性,冠幅与胸径存在较弱的相关性,而冠幅与树高则存在显著的相关性,通过7种模型对冠幅与树高相关性的拟合,均取得了较好的效果,其中又以三次函数的拟合性最强,其表达式为w=0.002h3-0.068h2 +1.529h-0.062,表明古樟树树高与冠幅生长具有一定的正相关性,论证了树木的生长规律.

There are rich resources of wild ornamental plant in Xihuangshan of Mayang in Hunan Province.In this paper, the type of wild ornamental plants,the composition of families and genera and the diversity are analyzed on the basis of preliminary investigation. It is found that 422 species of wild plants have ornamental value,many species are rare and have extremely high ornamental value. And some propose on the exploitation and utilization of wild ornamental plants resources is put forward.

从种子的收集处理、过冬贮藏、播种床准备、播种方法、苗期管理及大苗培育等方面介绍了榉树的播种育苗技术,以期为榉树的推广应用提供技术参考。

Linoleic acid produced in seeds of Vernicia fordii is the direct material for synthesize eleostearic acid through catalysis of FAD2,the researches on FAD2 gene in seed from V.fordii has practical significance on improving yield of eleostearic acid.Taking 16 FAD2 clones in cDNA library of nearly mature V.fordii 'Duinian tung' seeds as materials,CAP3 splicing,BLAST alignment and DNAMAN analysis were carried on.The results showed that the cloned gene sequence was FAD2 full-length cDNA sequence,its length was 1 537 bp.The sequence contained a complete coding sequence,length of 1 146 bp(106-1 255 bp),encoding 383 amino acids.The relative molecular mass of the enzyme protein was 44 144.4 u,isoelectric point was 8.57.The N end of amino acid sequence had a signal peptide sequence of 6 residues,5 transmembrane domains,3 strong hydrophilic sequences existed at the N end,C end and intermediate part,respectively,and the activity center of enzyme was 3 conserved histidine clusters.In system evolution,FAD2 gene in V.fordii had a nearest phylogenetic relationship with V.montana,nearer relationship with Euphorbiaceae plants such as Ricinus communis,Triadica sebifrea,Hevea brasiliensis,Jatropha curcas,and far relationship with Olea europaea,Arachis hypogaea,Sesamum indicum,further relationship with Camelia oleifera.

Cyclophilins are ubiquitously distributed in organisms,plant cyclophilins play an important roles in plant biology,stress response and anti-pathogen immunity.According to the part sequence of cyclophilin gene in seed EST library from Vernicia fordii,a fulllength cDNA encoding cyclophilin obtained with the method of RACE and RT-PCR.The length of Vernicia fordii cyclophilin is 681bp,contained a complete CDS of 519bp encoding 172 amino acids,named vf_cyp.The bioinformatics analysis indicated that the pI and MW of amino acids encoded by vf_cyp were predicted to be 8.68 and 18038.5Da respectively.The prediction result indicated membrane spaning domain and signal peptide were not exist in the protein,the secondary structure of the vf_cyp are β-sheet(36.05%) and Random coil(52.91%) primarily,the protein had one peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase binding domain,and containing the plant cyclophilins unique 7 amino acid insertion sequence KS/MGKPLH,the amino acid sequence of Vernicia fordii Cyclophilin showed similarities of 94%,94%,93% with those from Citrus sinensis,Citrus hybrid cultivar,Populus trichocarpa,respectively.

Cyclophilins (CyPs) are ubiquitous proteins and involved in protein folding and stress response due to peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase (PPIase) activity. In this study, a 975-base pair (bp) full-length complementary DNA (cDNA) gene, Camellia oleifera CyP (CoCyP, GenBank access no. FJ377540), was isolated from the conducted cDNA library of C. oleifera seeds. This cDNA encodes a polypeptide of 207 amino acids, which has an endoplasmic-reticulum-localized signal sequence at its N-terminus, but not the typical signal sequence at its C-terminus. Moreover, its putative amino acid sequence shares highest identity with those of Arabidopsis thaliana CyPB (84%) and Triticum aestivum CyPB (81%), and possesses a highly conserved central core domain including cyclosporin A (CsA)-binding sites, the tetrapeptide Ala-Ala-Pro-Ala-binding sites, residues required for PPIase catalysis and an insertion of seven amino acids of unknown function. Collectively, it is suggested that the CoCyP protein belongs to CyPB and has PPIase activity. An approximately 21 kDa protein was expressed via the recombinant pET-30b(+)/CoCyP in Escherichia coli. In this study, we tentatively put forward to the hypothesis that the gene expressing during the peak of seed lipid biosynthesis, might correlate with the caused harmful products in the lipid biosynthesis process, and protect cells against reactive oxygen species (ROS) damage; thus it may be crucial during lipid biosynthesis and stress responsiveness.

我国现有红色叶树种资源约28科55属92种,主要分布在落叶树种中的蔷薇科、漆树科、槭树科和常绿树种中的小檗科、金缕梅科、卫矛科等.简述了红色叶树种的特征、观赏性及其园林应用特点;探讨了其园林应用原则、配置方式;展望了其应用前景.

As the most important and special edible oil tree in China, tea-oil tree (Camellia oleifera) has the oil-yielded rate of about 55% from its kernel. The recent researches suggested that the oiliness of tea-oil should be one of the best plant oils, for tea-oil consists of similar to 90% unsaturated fatty acids (similar to 80% oleic acid, similar to 10% linoleic acid and linolenic acid). As the enzyme controlling the first-step desaturation during the biosynthesis of plant unsaturated fatty acids, plant SAD (Stearoyl-ACP desaturase) directly regulates the proportion of saturated fatty acids and unsaturated fatty acids by dehydrogenating saturated fatty acids bonded to ACP (Acyl carrier protein) to form oleic acids. However, recent researches on Camellia oleifera were mostly focused on the conventional planting and breeding and characteristic analysis of its products, and lacked those to find out the molecular mechanism of controlling the forming of high content of oleic acids. Therefore, we attempted to clone the full-length cDNA of Camellia oleifera SAD (CoSAD) gene. We successfully constructed a full-length cDNA library using the nearly matured seeds of elite cultivar Xianglin-4 planted widely in China, and then randomly selected hundreds of clones for sequencing from the 5'-end to construct a good representational EST library. Basing on the homological analyses of this EST library, we obtained 3 ESTs of CoSAD, and then obtained the full-length cDNA of CoSAD from the full-length cDNA library by PCR. The result of bioinformatic analyses including three-dimensional homological modeling on the CoSAD cDNA suggested that CoSAD displays high similarity to SADs of different plants, and is more advantageous than other plant SADs to catalyzing saturated fatty acids into oleic acids. This result could explain the higher content of oleic acids than those of other oil plants, presenting theoretical element for the application of CoSAD genes and genetic improvement on other oil plants.

Tea-oil tree (Camellia oleifera) is one of the most important edible oil trees in China, whose kernel has the oil-yielded rate of about 55%. The recent researches suggested that the oiliness of tea-oil as the Chinese specialty should exceed that of olive oil, for 90% of tea-oil is unsaturated fatty acids such as oleic acid, linoleic acid, and linolenic acid, which are very salutary to human beings. However, researches on Camellia oleifera were mostly focused on the planting/breeding and characteristic analysis of its products, and lacked those to find out the molecular mechanism of forming high quality tea-oil. In order to determine the reason, we used EST library technology to find out the main genes controlling the biosynthesis of fatty acids in Camellia oleifera seeds. A high quality full-length cDNA library was successfully constructed using the nearly matured seeds of elite cultivar planted widely in China, then 2327 clones were randomly selected for sequencing from the 5' orientation to construct a high representational EST library. Based on the homological and bioinformatic analyses of this EST library, we obtained 15 main genes (8 kinds) controlling the biosynthesis of fatty acids in Camellia oleifera seeds: 1 acyl carrier protein (ACP) gene, 3 stearoyl-ACP desaturase (SAD) genes, 3 fatty acid desaturase (FAD) genes, 3 palmitoyl-acyl carrier protein thioesterase (FatB1) genes, 1 propionyl-coenzyme A synthase (PCAS) gene, 1 enoyl-CoA hydratase (ECAH) gene, 2 acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase (ACAA) genes, 1 very-long-chain fatty acid condensing enzyme gene. Above results basically reflect the expression situation of main genes controlling the fatty acid biosynthesis in Camellia oleifera seeds, presenting theoretical and technical foundation for the development of Camellia oleifera elite genes and genetic improvement on other oil plants.

FAD2基因控制油酸转化为亚油酸,是油茶油脂合成代谢的关键酶基因。在构建的油茶EST文库基础上,采用5′RACE和交错延伸PCR技术获得了油茶FAD2基因的全长cDNA克隆。该基因序列长1682bp,开放阅读框为1149bp,编码382个氨基酸,并且具有FAD2特有的保守序列和相关特征。经过比对分析,发现油茶的FAD2基因与其他植物的FAD2基因具有较高的相似性。

In order to determine the molecular mechanism of forming high quality tea-oil, the EST library technology was used to find out the main expressed genes controlling the fatty acid biosynthesis in camellia oleifera seeds. A high quality full-length cDNA library was constructed successfully using the nearly matured seeds of elite cultivar Xianglin-1 planted widely in China,then more than two thousand clones were randomly sequenced from the 5' orientation, which was used to construct a high representational EST library. After the bioinformatic analysis of this EST library, 15 main genes controlling the biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids in camellia oleifera seeds were obtained.

Chalcone synthase(CHS) and chalcone isomerase(CHI) are the key enzymes controlling the metabolism of flavonoid and anthocyanin.In this paper,1 full-length cDNA of CHS and 1 full-length cDNA of CHI were separated from the cDNA library and EST library of Camellia oleifera by the method of molecular cloning.The cDNA of C.oleifera CHS contains 1 479 bp for 412 amino acids,which is so far the longest CHS and displays high evolution homology with those other species for very high similarity.The cDNA of C.oleifera CHI contains 899 bp for 206 amino acids,and displays high homology with that of Camellia sinensis,but relatively low similarity with the other species.

To investigate the gene expression and to separate clones which are important genes related to oil synthesis and so on during transforming peak of seed oil in Camellia oleifera, cDNA library was constructed using the nearly matured seeds of two clones, i.e. XL_1 and XL_4, and 2 327 clones were randomly selected for sequencing on the 3′_end to construct the EST library, and 1 979 sequences which are unabridged and without X or N were performed homology comparison with nucleic acid NR database. 763 cDNA sequences were highly homological to cDNA sequences of other plant species in database of NCBI, 266 kinds of genes have been identified and 1 216 clones of cDNA were unknown function of gene sequences. In the cDNA library of seeds of C. oleifera, different genes expressed different abundance. The genes related to storage protein, to expression and regulation, to resistance, to seed maturation and to embryo development were expressed in high abundance, while the genes related to metabolism of fatty acids etc. were expressed in medium abundance. The other genes responsible for many fragments and many genes unknown functions were expressed in different extent. The number and trends of expressed genes are suitable for the phase of C. oleifera seeds near to maturation.

The acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase), which is the rate-limiting enzyme of synthesis, catalyzes the first reaction of synthesis of fatty acids in plants. Two types of ACCase are found: Heteromeric ACCase is the key enzyme of synthesis of fatty acids in plastids while Homomeric ACCase provides the material for the elongation of fatty acids chain and the formation of flavonoid et al. in cytosol. This article summarizes the physiological function, molecolar biological characterization, and the tendency of the gene engineering in plant ACCase.

To investigate the gene expression during the transforming peak of seed oil in Camellia oleifera, a cDNA library of nearly matured seeds of two clones, i.e. XL-1 and XL-4, was constructed. 2 327 clones were randomly selected for sequencing from the 3′-end, and between these sequences and nucleic acid database a homology comparison was made . Its result shows that 58 ESTs are highly homological to genes of ovule development and seed maturation of other plant species in the database of NCBI and dbEST, and that decoding genes of abscisic acid response protein, ripening regulated protein, translationally controlled tumor protein and embryo-specific protein are expressed in high abundance, decoding genes of seed maturation protein, cell differentiation protein, ethane response factor and dehydrin are expressed in middle abundance, and decoding genes of ripening-related protein, extension, growth-regulating factor, dormancy related protein and senescence-associated putative protein are expressed in single copy. This result would offer a scientific foundation for revealing the gene expression and physiological course during the lipid transformation in seeds of Camellia oleifera.

Based on the randomized block design, a systematic study was made of the four main factors that affect the output and quality of Schima superba seedlings. They are sowing method, fertilizer types, coverage thickness and seeding amount. Under four technical conditions, the parameters of germination percent, height, diameter, length of taproot, number of lateral roots, total seedlings and the number of qualified seedlings are investigated. With the help of statistics, we have gained a group of techniques for the sowing and growing of Schima superba seedlings.