Zirconium and uranium co-doped LiNbO3 crystals were grown by the modified Bridgman method. The co-doping simultaneously shortens the photorefractive response to 600 ms and enhances optical damage resistance to similar to 105 W cm-2 at 442 nm. This dual improvement offers a promising material platform for high-power integrated LiNbO3 photonic applications.

Conventional automotive coatings offering vivid colors suffer from strong solar absorption, causing undesirable surface heating and increased cooling energy demand. Here, we report a structurally colored radiative cooling (SC-RC) coating that simultaneously delivers aesthetic interference colors and passive sub-ambient temperature regulation. The coating is fabricated by spray-depositing TiO2-coated mica pearlescent pigments-with precisely tuned TiO2 thickness to produce silver, golden, red, purple, blue, and green colors-into a highly transparent acrylic resin matrix, further modified with ZnO nanoparticles. The optimized coating achieves > 90

A novel Eu3+-doped Gd0.5Y1.5(MoO4)3 ultraviolet-excited red phosphor with near-zero thermal quenching, high resistance to concentration quenching, and multifunctional application potential was developed. This was achieved by employing Gd3+ doping engineering at the Re-site within the Re2(MoO4)3 framework. The Eu3+-doped Gd0.5Y1.5(MoO4)3 phosphor (GYMO: Eu3+) was synthesized via a high-temperature solid-state method, and its crystal structure, luminescent properties, and thermal stability were systematically investigated. Results show that this phosphor maintains high luminescence intensity even at an Eu3+ doping concentrations as high as 60mol%, demonstrating excellent resistance to concentration quenching. Under 394nm near-ultraviolet excitation, its luminescence intensity exhibits virtually no decrement from room temperature to 423K, revealing near-zero thermal quenching characteristics. The GYMO:60mol%Eu3+ phosphor exhibits an internal quantum efficiency of 43.33% and a color purity as high as 99.85%, with overall luminescence performance surpassing commercial red phosphors. Based on GYMO:60mol%Eu3+, a near-UV-excited WLED with a high color rendering index (Ra = 81.5) and a correlated color temperature of 4407K has been fabricated. Furthermore, it also shows promising application potential in anti-counterfeiting inks and flexible transparent luminescent films for displays. This study provides valuable insights for developing red phosphors that simultaneously possess excellent thermal stability and high doping capacity.

Wearable displays, considered the ultimate platform for human-body information acquisition and processing, demand conformable and versatile form factors that conventional planar and rigid technologies cannot satisfy. The recent advancement of flexible electronics has spurred significant research into fibrous devices that integrate high stretchability, excellent electrical conductivity, and stable luminescence performance. While ionogels are promising candidates due to their superior ionic conductivity and biocompatibility, their limited mechanical properties hinder practical applications under complex deformation. To address this challenge, this study introduces silica (SiO2) nanoparticles into a sodium alginate-polyacrylamide (SA-PAM) based ionic gel matrix to fabricate organic-inorganic hybrid gel fibers with enhanced mechanical properties and high ionic conductivity. The effects of the SiO2 nanoparticle size (12, 50, and 300 nm) and content (0.25 wt%-2 wt%) on the fiber's optical transmittance, electrical conductivity, and tensile performance were systematically investigated. The results revealed that the fiber incorporating 0.5 wt% of 12 nm SiO2 nanoparticles exhibited optimal comprehensive performance, achieving an optical transmittance of 83%, an electrical conductivity of 7.87 S m-1, and a tensile strain of over 1600%. An alternating current electroluminescent (ACEL) device constructed with this fiber demonstrated a luminous intensity of 339 cd m-2 under 80 V and 1000 Hz conditions. Furthermore, it maintained stable operation under 200% tensile strain and enabled multi-pixel pattern display. This research provides a novel strategy for balancing mechanical and electrical performance in wearable luminescent devices, thereby advancing the development of high-performance wearable display applications.

The local crystal-field symmetry within a host material plays a critical role in modulating the luminescence behavior of Sm3+ ions. In this study, we propose a novel Si4+ doping strategy to enhance the photoluminescence properties of Sm3+ in a Sr3Ga2Ge4O14 host, with the effects proposed to be associated with alterations in the symmetry of the local coordination environment. A series of Si4+/Sm3+ co-doped phosphors was synthesized via solid-state reaction. At an optimal Si4+ doping level of 50 mol%, the emission intensity of Sm3+ increased by approximately 40%. Further introduction of K+ as a charge compensator considerably improved the internal quantum efficiency from 25.12% to 47.28% and color purity from 96.8% to 99.9%. A prototype WLED using the optimized phosphor exhibited a low CCT (5769 K) and a high CRI (Ra = 87.6), satisfying the requirements for indoor lighting. The phosphor was also incorporated into a PVA-based anti-counterfeiting ink, showing bright, stable, and substrate-independent UV-excited fluorescence. This work provides a feasible doping strategy for developing high-performance orange-red phosphors and demonstrates their potential in high-quality WLED and advanced anti-counterfeiting applications.

In this work, three novel sulfate-based crystals - NaZnSO4F & sdot;2H2O (NZSOF), LiNd(SO4)2 & sdot;H2O (LNSO), and LiSm (SO4)2 & sdot;H2O (LSSO) - were successfully synthesized via a hydrothermal method. NZSOF crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/m and exhibits a three-dimensional (3D) framework composed of alternating cisand trans-configured [ZnO4F2] octahedra linked with [SO4] groups. Crystals of LNSO and LSSO are isostructural, crystallizing in the monoclinic space group P21/c. Both compounds feature similar 3D architectures composed of asymmetric [NdO9]/[SmO9] tricapped trigonal prisms interconnected with distorted [SO4] tetrahedral units forming channel-like structures. Notably, all three compounds exhibit short ultraviolet (UV) cutoff edges of 200 nm, 207 nm, and 207 nm, respectively. Among them, NZSOF possesses a moderate band gap of 4.63 eV, making it a promising candidate for UV linear optical materials. The present work paves the way for exploring the rational design and synthesis of novel UV sulfate-based materials.

A series of Hf co-doped uranium-doped lithium niobate (LN:U,Hf) crystals with a diameter of one inch were grown by the modified Bridgman method. XPS analysis showed that U ions coexist in mixed valence states of U4+, U5+, and U6+. At 442 nm, LN:U,Hf-1.0 exhibited a fast photorefractive response of 0.32 s together with a high saturation diffraction efficiency of 82.01%. With increasing Hf concentration, the optical damage resistance was significantly enhanced, and LN:U,Hf-5.0 achieved an optical damage threshold of 2.8 & times; 10(5) W/cm(2). Two-beam coupling experiments indicated that electrons are the dominant charge carriers and diffusion is the main transport mechanism. It demonstrates that co-doping Hf4+ provides an effective route to simultaneously enhance photorefractive response and optical damage resistance in LN:U, offering potential for high-power and fast-response photonic devices.

In wearable motion monitoring systems, portability and visual perception capabilities have attracted increasing attention. Inspired by the color-changing mechanism of chameleon skin, this study integrates self-assembled SiO2 microspheres into a polyethylene glycol phenylethyl acrylate (PEGPEA) rubber precursor. The precursor self-assembles into an ordered structure on polyester fabric through photopolymerization, resulting in a mechanically tunable photonic crystal print (PC-print) with sensitive structural color. Subsequently, 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenyl-1-propanone and the ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([EMIm][TFSI]) are infiltrated into the photonic crystal print layer. The results show that the conductivity of PC-print is enhanced, and the embedded microcurrent oscilloscope is designed for visual signal. This method introduces a novel photonic-ion wearable motion monitoring system capable of simultaneously outputting electrical signals and responding to optical changes under minimal strain. The strong integration of the photonic print with the fabric substrate ensures excellent stability and toughness. The change in lattice spacing results in the color change of the photonic print layer, which is closely related to the electrical signal (stress-induced color sensitivity: 6 nm/ %; Delta lambda > 180 nm). Excellent stability was found through cycle and fatigue tests (>500 cycles). This study provides new insights into wearable human motion monitoring systems, and the developed systems have important potential for human motion recognition and monitoring applications.

The exploration of novel nonlinear optical (NLO) materials plays a pivotal role in advancing laser science and technology. It remains a challenge to achieve a trade‐off among bandgap, second harmonic generation (SHG), and birefringence in NLO crystals. Here, pursuing these target properties, KCd(IO 3 ) 2 Cl, a novel NLO crystal, is rationally designed and synthesized through a multi‐ion substitution strategy. KCd(IO 3 ) 2 Cl crystallizes in the non‐centrosymmetric (NCS) chiral space group P 2 1 2 1 2 1 (No. 19), and it features a 3D framework composing with 2D [Cd(IO 3 )Cl] ∞ layers linked by [I(1)O 3 ] ‒ pyramids. KCd(IO 3 ) 2 Cl exhibits excellent balanced optical properties with strong SHG response (2.2 × KDP), large birefringence (0.18 @ 546 nm), wider optical transparent window (206 nm−12.0 µm), and good thermal stability (up to 392 °C). Notably, KCd(IO 3 ) 2 Cl possesses the shortest UV cutoff edge (≈206 nm) and correspondingly the broadest bandgap (6.0 eV) among the reported NCS inorganic metal iodates. As a promising UV NLO crystal, the discovery of KCd(IO 3 ) 2 Cl not only enriches the iodate halide family but also provides an effective strategy for increasing the bandgap of iodate compounds.

The asymmetry of the local environment within host materials plays a critical role in enhancing the emission performance of Eu3+ ions. In this study, we introduced a novel Si4+-doping strategy to optimize the luminous properties of Eu3+ ions by promoting asymmetry in the local lattice environment. And then, a series of Si4+/Eu3+ co-doped Sr3Ga2Ge4O14 phosphors were synthesized. Our findings reveal that Si4+-doping at a concentration of 60 mol% significantly enhances the emission intensity of Eu3+ ions in the Sr3Ga2Ge4O14 host by approximately 80%. Also, the internal quantum efficiency increases from 37.80% to 49.04%, alongside a rise in color purity from 87.40% to 99.80%. Utilizing this Sr2.3Ga2Ge1.6Si2.4O14:0.7Eu3+ high-performance red phosphor, we fabricated a white light-emitting diode (WLED) device with natural white light characteristics, achieving CIE coordinates of (0.338, 0.323), a correlated color temperature (CCT) of 5636 K, and a color rendering index (CRI) of Ra = 89.4. Additionally, we developed a high-performance anti-counterfeiting ink using this red phosphor, which adheres uniformly to surfaces with varying roughness and delivers exceptional luminescence effects. This study provides new insights into the development of advanced red-emitting phosphors for applications in lighting and anti-counterfeiting technologies.

A novel Eu3+-doped fluorapatite red phosphor Ca2Y8(BO4)2(SiO4)4F2:Eu3+ with pure phase was synthesized in this study. Density functional theory (DFT) calculation and diffuse reflection spectrum analysis reveal its potential as a matrix for phosphors excited by ultraviolet light. Eu3+ has a 7F0/5L6 transition at 394 nm, and the prepared phosphor exhibits a high emission intensity at 614 nm, which may be attributed to the 5D0-7F2 energy transition at the lower symmetry site of Eu3+. The optimal doping concentration of the phosphor is determined to be 11 mol%, with concentration quenching attributed to the exchange interaction mechanism. The overall color purity of the phosphor is up to 99.88%, with an internal quantum efficiency as high as 91.15%. Notably, Ca2Y8(BO4)2(SiO4)4F2:11 mol% Eu3+ (CYBSF:11 mol%Eu3+) phosphors exhibit good thermal stability, with a thermal quenching temperature (T1/2) of 552 K and the intensity of emission at 423 K still at 88.89% of that at 298 K. The activation energy of the phosphor is up to 0.30287 eV. Its comprehensive luminescence performance surpasses that of commercial red phosphor, making it suitable for near ultraviolet excited warm white light emitting diode (NUV-WLED) with a high color rendering index (Ra = 82) and a correlated color temperature (CCT) of 4339 K. Moreover, the phosphor achieves latent fingerprint visualization and anti-counterfeiting ink on different material surfaces: glass, aluminum foil, plastic and paper. Overall, the fluorapatite CYBSF:11 mol%Eu3+ phosphor holds great potential for multimodal applications due to its high quantum efficiency and good thermal stability. (c) 2024 Chinese Society of Rare Earths. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.

Wearable displays are an ultimate form of signal sensing for individual safety and health, but the traditional displays used are typically flat and have complex electronics, leading to a lack of ease and comfort in wearing them. Fibrous alternating current electroluminescent (ACEL) devices are effective solutions in this regard. Herein, a low-cost, low-power, stretchable ACEL fiber was prepared, wherein an ionogel was selected as the electrode, ZnS:Cu powder as the luminescent powder, and epoxy resin slurry as the substrate of the electroluminescent layer. It was found that the 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazole chloride (EmimCl), which has good compatibility with the gel skeleton, could improve the mobility and ionic conductivity of the polymer chains in the sodium alginate (SA) and polyacrylamide (PAM) ionic-covalent double-network (DN) hydrogel system. When the content of EmimCl in the gel fiber was 100 wt%, the ionic conductivity of the gel was 2.93 S m-1, the elongation at break was 580%, and the light transmittance was 88%. In addition, a braided structure consisting of stretchable ACEL fibers and gel fibers was designed. The intersection of the stretchable ACEL fibers and gel fibers could produce electroluminescent pixels that could form an arbitrary controllable pattern display. The display contained a variety of letters, an intuitive graphic design, and a combination of automatic and manual control modes selected through a miniature light-sensitive control system. Flexible fiber devices could be designed and integrated into textiles to meet the unique requirements of a variety of flexible and wearable display technologies.

Special animals in nature with structurally colored skin have the ability to alter their skin color in response to external stimuli through the processing of bioelectrical impulses. This natural adaptation serves as a sensory mechanism, achieved through an integrated and stretchable network that relays information. Herein, inspired by this remarkable phenomenon, the wearable strain sensing photonic-electric skin (PE-skin) was designed based on reduced graphene oxide(rGO)/polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) black substrate adhered on SiO2 photonic crystals/ poly(ethylene glycol) phenyl ether acrylate (PEGPEA) films. The PE-skin contains a non-volatile and nonhygroscopic ionic liquid (IL), which enhances the sensitivity of the skin to electric stimuli. By optimizing the IL content, a dual response of the optical and electrical signal to stress is achieved. Under the optical, mechanical, and electrical properties investigations, the PE-skin treated with 2 s IL performs high stretch and sensitivity. Specifically, it can output distinct mechanochromic sensitivity (Delta lambda/Delta epsilon) of approximately 2.4 nm%-1 and a gauge factor (GF) of around 1, with a color difference of roughly 160 nm, which shows advanced visual interaction sensing capability. Finally, a novel device was developed to detect a small current based on STM32 chip. To effectively integrate the PE-skin color change with the electrical signal, a current oscilloscope was specifically designed to visualize the current variation in a waveform representation. It is well suited to continuously outputting intuitive color-switching signals and discernible resistance signal changes under tensile strain. Additionally, it effectively monitors joint movements to provide intuitive and accurate feedback signals.

The rapid development of wireless communication technology demands radio frequency (RF) cables capable of extreme-environment operation, requiring insulation materials with ultralow dielectric loss, high-temperature stability, and mechanical robustness. However, existing inorganic composites face critical limitations in balancing these properties due to poor particle connectivity and interfacial polarization. Herein, we propose a novel ternary particle gradation strategy to design SiO2/SiO2f composites by integrating three-sized SiO2 particles (12/20/50 nm) with quartz fibers. This approach enables dense particle packing through tetrahedral-octahedral void filling, forming sintered necks that enhance ceramic connectivity while minimizing interfacial defects. The synergistic structural optimization achieves breakthrough dielectric performance: a record-low dielectric loss of 0.033 at 20 MHz (50 % reduction vs. single-graded composites) with a stable dielectric constant of 2.30, alongside exceptional hydrophobicity (87.28 degrees contact angle) and doubled mechanical strength. This work pioneers a multi-scale architectural solution to the long-standing trade-off between dielectric, thermal, and mechanical properties in cable insulation. As demonstrated in RF coaxial cables exhibiting a 1.28 VSWR and 2.01 dB insertion loss at 18 GHz-surpassing commercial polymer-based counterparts in high-temperature reliability. The graded architecture mechanism provides a new idea for developing extreme-environmental dielectric materials.

Shell-free K2Ta1-xInxF7: Mn4+ red phosphor was synthesized by introducing In3+ ions in K2TaF7: Mn4+ with a non-centrosymmetric octahedral structure. The strategy of the heterogeneous substitution of In3+ by Ta5+ further distorted the octahedral structure, effectively enhanced the emission intensity of Mn4+. Its overall luminous intensity was increased to 6.9 times that of K2TaF7: Mn4+. Moreover, the red phosphor with a homogeneous core-shell structure was successfully prepared by using a weak reducing agent citric acid to solve the problem of poor water resistance. After soaking in water for 10 days, the emission intensity of the red phosphor with a homogeneous core-shell structure retained 90% of the initial value. It is the first time to successfully construct a core-shell structure for A2BF7: Mn4+ type fluoride phosphors to effectively improve its water resistance. Mixing it with commercial YAG: Ce3+ yellow phosphor and encapsulating them with a commercial blue chip led to the development of warm white light-emitting diodes (WLEDs) with good qualities. K2Ta1-xInxF7: Mn4+ red phosphor with homogeneous core shell is a novel red phosphor with good luminous performances and excellent water resistance.

TeO2 single crystals have been widely used in military and civilian fields as an excellent acousto-optic (AO) material. However, due to its significant thermal expansion anisotropy and poor mechanical properties, there is a considerable risk of cracking, which hinders further applications in the AO field. Here we successfully grew a TeO2 single crystal doped with 2 % Mn4+ ions (TeO2:0.02Mn(4+)). This single crystal demonstrates excellent characteristics, including lower acoustic attenuation (alpha) and larger refractive index values. In addition, it also possesses a higher AO figure of merit (M-2) of 832 x 10(-15) s(3)/kg than TeO2 single crystal (similar to 793 x 10(-15) s(3)/kg). More importantly, the TeO2:0.02Mn(4+) single crystal demonstrates low thermal expansion anisotropy within a temperature range of up to 450 degrees C, indicating a greater practical value. The high AO performance may be attributed to manganese ion doping. The doping of Mn increased the refractive indices by enhancing the electronic polarizability and achieved lower acoustic attenuation by improving mechanical properties. Combining the results of elastic modulus and Raman spectroscopy analysis, it is observed that manganese doping optimizes crystal structure disorder, thus improving the issue of thermal expansion anisotropy. These results indicate that this TeO2:0.02Mn(4+) single crystal has significant potential in designing and manufacturing AO devices.

Lung cancer remains a great threat to human health despite the rapid development of various therapeutic methods. Chemotherapy continues to be the most commonly employed treatment for lung cancer; however, it often suffers from low drug delivery efficiency and severe side effects. To enhance the therapeutic efficacy of chemotherapy, we developed a novel strategy that integrates tumor vasculature normalization with the co-delivery of therapeutic agents. This strategy employs a diblock polymeric vesicle with a reduction-sensitive linkage. Paclitaxel (PTX) is encapsulated in the bilayer, while an acid-sensitive nitric oxide (NO) precursor, DETA NONOate, and zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are loaded into the central cavity. The resulting nanosystem, (ZnO,NONO)@Ves-PTX, is designed to release NO under the acidic conditions typical of the tumor microenvironment (TME) and intracellular environment. The released NO in the TME inhibits angiogenesis, thereby facilitating the delivery and distribution of therapeutic agents. Upon internalization by tumor cells, (ZnO,NONO)@Ves-PTX decomposes in response to intracellular glutathione (GSH), releasing the loaded agents. DETA NONOate and ZnO NPs generate NO and Zn2+ ions, respectively, at the intracellular pH, which synergistically inhibit tumor growth alongside PTX. This combined therapeutic approach demonstrated remarkable potential in improving the chemotherapeutic efficacy for lung cancer, offering a promising direction for future cancer treatments.