Biodegradation ability of synthetic polymer materials is an urgent problem of modern ecology situation. A known new biodegradable polymer is polyangelicalactone (PAL). In this paper, styrene- a-angelicalactone copolymers were obtained by radical polymerization. The resulting copolymers have physical and mechanical properties similar to those of polystyrene and its graft-copolymers with PAL. Both they were mechanically destroyed when incubated in gray forest soil over 28 weeks. The obtained results show that the modification of polystyrene with the impurities of a-angelicalactone does not worsen the mechanical properties of the copolymers but instead gives them biodegradation abilities.

Biodegradable and biocompatible polyesters, obtained from renewable plant materials, are of great interest due to their use in various industries. The kinetics of anionic ring- opening polymerization (ROP) of alpha- angelicalactone (alpha AL) initiated by sodium alcoxides and aluminum isopropoxide has been studied. The kinetics of the process is described by the first order equation in terms of alpha AL concentration. An increase of the initiator concentration increases the first order rate constant and the alpha AL conversion, but reduces the molecular weight of the resulting polymers. The maximum alpha AL conversions (>= 0.99) and molecular weights of polymers (26000-29000) were obtained in non- polar solvents, toluene and carbon tetrachloride, and in the bulk at 373-403 K for 60-250 hours.

The results of a study of the effect of temperature and heating rate in the process of preliminary carbonization of cedar bark on the formation of a porous structure and sorption properties of active carbons obtained by subsequent activation of the carbonizats in the presence of potassium hydroxide are presented. It was determined that active carbon (AC) from cedar bark, carbonized at 300 degrees C with a heating rate of 10 and 80 degrees C/min, have the most developed porous structure (specific surface is 1557 and 1606 m(2)/g, pore volume is 0.71 and 0.89 cm(3)/g, respectively). It was shown that the sorption activity of obtaining AC regarding iodine is determined by the specific surface area and micropore volume, and the sorption activity of methylene blue - by the mesopore volume. The amount of vitamin B-12 sorption depends with a high approximation accuracy (R-2 = 0.966) on the average pore size of AC. The AC produced from cedar bark, carbonized at 300 degrees C with a heating rate of 10 degrees/min, is characterized by the maximum sorption of iodine. The AC produced from cedar bark, carbonized at 300 degrees C with a heating rate of 80 degrees/min is highly active in sorption of methylene blue and vitamin B-12. Sorption properties of AC from cedar bark in relation to the studied marker substances am 1.3-1.9 times higher than commercial active carbon for medical purposes.

A method for producing biocomposite fertilizers with increased water resistance, based on the sequential im-pregnation of supports from pine bark with the solutions of urea and potassium dihydrophosphate is proposed. The structure of supports prepared from pine bark and fertilizers based on them was studied by means of scan-ning electron microscopy. The ability of biocomposite fertilizers based on pine bark supports to provide slow outwashing of mineral components with water for a long time was established. The treatment of fertilizers with water at room temperature for 15 days results in the removal of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium by not more than 34.4, 74.3 and 58.4 wt. %, respectively (of the initial content), which evidences in favour of the prolonged action of biocomposite fertilizers based on pine bark. It is shown that the use of support obtained through ex-traction treatment of pine bark with organic solvents allows making a fertilizer with higher stability against ni-trogen removal with water in comparison with the fertilizer based on the support prepared by treating pine bark with 1 % NaOH solution. Vegetation experiments on germination of Megion oat seeds revealed the same growth-promoting effect of biocomposite fertilizers based on supports obtained using different methods: the length of sprouts and roots increased by a factor of 1.5 in comparison with the reference experiment (water). The studies demonstrated the high potential of the developed fertilizers as an alternative to traditional wa-ter-soluble fertilizers and provided evidence of the possibility to obtain them using either original pine bark or wastes from its extraction processing.

The effect of the conditions of the acetylation process of raw and activated birch bark on the yield and composition of the products is investigated. The structure of biologically active betulin diacetate (BDA) is confirmed with physicochemical methods. The optimal regimes of the one-step original method for the production of BDA from raw and activated birch bark are established using the experimental and computational techniques.

A comparison of IR spectra and molecular weight distribution of arabinogalactan sulfates as sodium and ammonium salts obtained using various sulfating reagents was performed. According to the data, sulfated derivatives of arabinogalactan differ from each other in the nature of hydrogen bonds and molecular weight distribution. Using coagulological tests during activation of coagulation of platelet-poor human plasma in vitro, the anticoagulant properties of sulfated arabinogalactan derivatives in various salt forms differing in the preparation method, sulfation degree, and molecular weight were studied. It was found that the sample in the form of the sodium salt of sulfated arabinogalactan (SAG 1) with a sulfur content of 13.2 wt % and a polydispersity degree of 1.52 exhibited twofold greater anticoagulant activity than the sample in the form of the ammonium salt of sulfated arabinogalactan (SAG 2) with a sulfur content of 6.6 wt % and a polydispersity degree of 1.30. The antithrombin (aIIa) activity of the samples obtained by sulfation with a complex of pyridine and sulfuric anhydride (SAG 1) and a complex of sulfamic acid (SAG 2) was 23.42 ± 1.86 and 10.20 ± 1.50 U/mg, respectively; the value of the antifactor Xa activity of SAG 1 and SAG 2 was 2.13 ± 0.42 and 0.37 ± 0.08 U/mg; the aIIa/aXa ratio for SAG 1 and SAG 2 was 11 and 28, respectively. The antifactor Xa (aXa) activity of SAG, which is lower than that of unfractionated heparin (UFH), and a high aIIa/aXa activity ratio may contribute to less provocation of bleeding by SAG samples compared to UFH.

A method is developed for the production of enterosorbent from the birch inner bark with supported biologically active betulin with improved therapeutic and prophylactic properties.

In the present work, a kinetic study and optimization of the process of spruce wood peroxide oxidation in “acetic acid–water” medium in the presence of suspended TiO 2 catalyst at temperatures 70–100 °C were accomplished for the first time. The effect of wood species and organic solvent nature on the features of the processes of catalytic peroxide fractionation of wood biomass on microcrystalline cellulose and soluble organic products from lignin and hemicelluloses is described. Solid products of wood peroxide oxidation were characterized by FTIR, XRD, SEM, solid state 13 C CP-MAS NMR and soluble products were identified by GC–MS. The experimental optimization of the process of birch wood oxidation by oxygen in “water–alkaline” medium in the presence of suspended Cu(OH) 2 catalyst was carried out at temperature range 160–180 °C. The scheme of biorefinery of birch wood, based on catalytic oxidative fractionation of wood biomass with the production of pentosans, vanillin, syringaldehyde and levulinic acid was developed. The resulting products are in demand in many areas, including food, pharmaceutical, chemical, cosmetic industries, synthesis of new functional and biodegradable polymers.

The method of preparation of organo-mineral fertilizer with increased resistance to mineral components leaching by water, based on the impregnation of support from abies bark by water solution of potassium nitrate, zinc, copper and magnesium sulphates, was proposed. The dates about composition and properties of the porous support from abies bark were provided. The potassium nitrate contents (23.5 mass.%) and concentration of nitric acid solution (0.1 N) providing high water resistance of fertilizer were determined. I t was shown, that application of treatment by 0,1 N nitric acid allows reduce delete from fertilizer by water nitrogen in 2.4 times, and other mineral components – in 1.7–1.9 times. The ability of fertilizer to slow release of mineral components by water during long time was identified, that determined effect of his prolonged action. It was shown, that after treatment fertilizer by water at room temperature during 30 days from him leaching 64.8% potassium, 66.6% nitrogen, 70.3% magnesium, 65.2% copper и 65.3% zinc from their initial contents. The growth-stimulating effect of organo-mineral fertilizer based on the abies bark was shown by experiments on germination of wheat seed variety "Novosibirskaya 15".

The physicochemical properties of the composite material obtained by sequentially impregnating the substrate from aspen bark with water solutions of KH2PO4 and CaCl2 under certain conditions were studied. Using the method of X-ray phase analysis, it was found that the main products of the interaction of KH2PO4 and CaCl2, which flows from the aspen bark on the substrate surface, are CaHPO4 and KCl. In this case, calcium chloride is present in the obtained composite material in the form of a complex compound CaCl2·Ca(OH)2·H2O. Using IR-spectral analysis, it was revealed that there is no interaction between the functional groups of the aspen bark substrate and mineral compounds during the preparation of the composite material. Based on thermal analysis data, the catalytic effect of the mineral components that make up the developed composite material on the decomposition of hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin that make up the substrate from aspen bark is revealed. It was found that the composite material modified with CaHPO4 is characterized by increased water resistance and after treatment with water at room temperature for 24 hours, 9.85% of phosphates are removed from it (from their initial content). This allows one to use the resulting composite material based on aspen bark as a delayed-action fertilizer.

Methods have been developed for the preparation of enterosorbents by treating crushed abies bark with the 1.5% aqueous of NaOH solution or by extraction with hexane. It was found that all obtained enterosorbents have good sorption properties with respect to gelatin and methylene blue. The highest sorption activity for methylene blue was shown by a sample, obtained by extraction of abies bark with hexane (97.0 mg/g), and for gelatin sorption activity – a sample, obtained by treatment of abies bark with alkali (225.0 mg/g). It was found that the enterosorbent, obtained by treatment of abies bark with alkali solution both at a dose of 0.15 g per kg of animal weight (g/kg) and at a dose of 0.20 g/kg and the enterosorbent, obtained by extraction of abies bark with hexane at a dose of 0.20 g/kg, have the highest efficiency for the treatment and prevention of acute experimental Escherichiosis. From the considered methods of obtaining enterosorbents from abies bark for the treatment and prevention of gastrointestinal infections of animals, it is recomended to use a method based on treatment of abies bark with alkalai solution and apply the drug in a dose of 0.15 g/kg

The ability of producing of effective carbon sorbents from abies bark with the use of thermal alkaline activation in presence of potassium hydroxide was shown. The effects of ratio of bark to alkaline, and temperature of bark pre-carbonization on the porous structure and sorption properties of the carbon sorbents were studied. It was shown, that the capacity of carbon sorbents on iodine is defined by pores with a width 0,73–1,86 nm, on methylene blue – 0,86–2,95 nm, and on vitamin B12 – ≥ 9,31 nm. It was determined, that the carbon sorbent, producing by alkaline activation of product of abies bark carbonization at 400 °С, has a high sorption capacity for studied marker substances. For this sorbent kinetic of iodine, methylene blue and vitamin B12 sorption was studied in comparison with the simple of commercial active coal for medical purposes. It was determined, that this sorbent exceeds the commercial sample in sorption of iodine and vitamin B12 in 1,5 time, and at sorption of methylene blue – in 1.7 time, and it is characterized by a higher rate constants of their markers sorption

Thermogravimetric (TG/DTG) methods have been used to study the thermal destruction of fir and aspen ethanol lignins at different heating rates in an inert (argon) medium. For each of the lignins, the main stages of thermal degradation were found under conditions of programmed heating of samples from 298 to 1173 K at heating rates of 5, 10, and 20 K/min. It was found that with an increase in the heating rate, the ranges of the main degradation of lignins expand. Shifts toward higher temperatures were 13.8 K for fir lignin and 21.1 K for aspen lignin. At the same temperatures, ethanol lignin from aspen showed a greater weight loss than fir lignin. Using the Ozawa–Flynn–Wall, Broido, and Redfern–Coats kinetic models, the results of the thermogravimetric analysis of the studied lignins are analyzed and the values ​​of the activation energy are calculated. The most reliable values of ​​the activation energy were obtained by the Ozawa–Flynn–Wall isoconversion method for the main temperature range of degradation (from ~569 to ~725 K): 113 kJ/mol for fir ethanol lignin and 106 kJ/mol for aspen ethanol lignin.

The possibility of obtaining a polydisperse porous material from the birch bark bast with subsequent separation into an enterosorbent and a porous substrate is demonstrated. A technological scheme is developed for processing birch bark bast, which allows one to obtain polydisperse porous material with a yield of 43.5 %. It is proposed to use the fraction of the size less than 0.25 mm as an enterosorbent, and the fraction of 0.25-1.0 mm as a porous substrate to obtain biocomposite fertilizers. It was established that the enterosorbent from birch bast is not inferior in its properties to the industrial enterosorbent "Polyphepan" from hydrolytic lignin. It is shown that, on the basis of the porous substrate, it is possible to obtain a complex biocomposite fertilizer with a growth-promoting effect and increased resistance to the washing out of active components by water. Slow leaching of macro- and microelements from the fertilizer determines the effect of its prolonged action. Thus obtained fertilizer is superior in its resistance to leaching of phosphates and potassium to the industrial granular fertilizer brand "Kemira Universal-2". Taking into account the particle size. lignin content and swelling ability, the porous substrate can also be used as a structuring additive in the soil. To obtain porous materials from the birch bark bast for various purposes, the enlarged plant is proposed, which allows processing up to 12 kg of the raw material in one technological cycle.

Thermal decomposition of brown coal from the Baganuur deposit in Mongolia and gas coal from the Ulug-Khem deposit in Tuva was studied using thermogravimetry (TG) and differential thermogravimetry (DTG). The stage-by-stage thermal decomposition was revealed under the conditions of programmed heating to 900 degrees C with different rates in the argon atmosphere. Using the model-free and isoconversion methods of Ozawa-Flynn-Wall (OFU) and Kissinger-Akahira-Sunos (KAS), the dependence of the activation energy on the degree of coal decomposition was established, and the kinetic parameters of pyrolysis were determined. Within the range of coal conversion degrees from 0.1 to 0.9, the average values of pyrolysis activation energies for brown coal and gas coal were 186 and 239 kJ/mol (OFU method), 182 and 238 kJ/mol (KAS method), respectively. The kinetic compensation effect during coal pyrolysis was observed. This may be due to the multicomponent and multifunctional composition of coals.

The organic xerogels, prepared from tannins and ethanol lignins of the fir ( Abies sibirica ), were synthesized for the first time. The influence of the composition of initial mixture and pH on the characteristics of xerogels obtained by sol-gel condensation of formaldehyde with polyphenols of fir has been studied. The possibility of regulating the density and porosity of gels by varying of the concentration of ethanol lignin in the initial mixture was established. It was found that tannin-lignin-formaldehyde gel with low-density (0.11 g/cm 3 ), and very high porosity (92%) is formed at a mass ratio tannins and lignins equal to 1. According to FTIR data, the process of xerogel formation is carried out by cross-linking due to the formation of carbon-carbon and alkyl ethers bonds. SEM method confirmed the formation of branched macromolecular structure of gels from interconnected spherical particles of different sizes. Thermogravimetric analysis demonstrates greater thermal stability of tannin-formaldehyde gels compared with the tannin-lignin-formaldehyde gels. The increase of lignin concentration in gels more than 50–65% (by the mass) reduced the temperature of their intensive mass loss on 23–63 °С. The obtained organic gels are non-flammable polymers, and they can be used as thermal and fire retardant materials.

Method is suggested for obtaining biochar materials by treatment of a finely dispersed (≤0.1 mm) bark of aspen and(or) larch with a 40% formaldehyde solution and subsequent thermal activation of the activated bark. It was found that keeping the composite at a temperature of 50–80°C for three days makes the binding process complete. Further carbonization at temperatures of 350–900°C yields a biochar with bulk structure. The method of IR spectroscopy confirmed that the functional composition of bark changes under the action of a cross-linking agent and — CH2 — bonds are additionally formed. It was found that the larch bark containing lignins of predominantly G-type and condensed tannins is more suitable for obtaining porous biochar materials (with specific surface area of 94–161 m2 g−1) as compared with the aspen bark. The adsorption properties of biochar materials produced from the modified bark in removal of Cu(II) ions from aqueous solutions. It was found that, on being carbonized at 900°C, a sample of modified aspen bark can extract 122.9 to 220 mg g−1 of copper compounds on raising the sorption temperature from 25 to 45°C.