From the perspective of landscape and human health, we use the Self-Rating Restoration Scale (SRRS) as a tool to explore the mental health restoration benefits brought by a landscape environment to individuals and explore the characteristics of individual movement behavior when viewing the landscape through the eye movement tracking technology. We selected average blink duration, average gaze length, average saccade amplitude, blink number, number of fixation points, saccade number, and average pupil diameter as experimental indicators for data monitoring. Based on the eye movement heat map obtained by data visualization processing and the results of correlation analysis, we summarized the eye movement behavior characteristics of individuals when viewing the restorative landscape. We try to construct a quantitative evaluation model of the landscape mental recovery benefit with the objective eye movement index as the independent variable through the method of curve estimation. The study results show that individual eye movement behavior is related to the landscape type and the level of psychological recovery is also different. (1)The more singular that the constituent elements are, the more widespread and concentrated the regional distribution of individual attention areas, and the relative psychological recovery benefit is relatively weak. The more complex that the constituent elements are, the more scattered and smaller the individual interest area, and the psychological recovery benefit is better. Brightly colored, dynamic landscapes are easier to form areas of interest to improve the psychological response to the human body. (2) The psychological recovery benefit of the landscape is directly proportional to the changing trend of the average blink duration, number of fixation points, and number of saccades and is inversely proportional to the changing trend of the average gaze length. (3) The objective eye movement index of average blink duration can quantitatively predict the psychological recovery benefit value of the landscape environment. The number of fixation points, the number of saccades, and the average fixation length could predict the psychological recovery benefits of the landscape, while the other indicators had no prediction effect.

[Objective] After more than 70 years of development in the construction of human settlements in China, the health healing effect of the natural landscape environment is becoming more and more prominent, and human landscape perception is gradually changing to landscape perception and reaction that seeks the goal of harmonious coexistence of all things. The complete landscape induction of an individual involves the three dimensions of perception（passively receiving sensory intuition）, feeling（feeling and cognition upon entry into the psychological process） and induction（realization of behavioral intention and mental activities）, which share a similar structure with the stimulus-organismresponse（SOR） model. In the strategic context of healthy China, people are less willing to travel outside. Country parks, as a natural resource for healing and recuperation in urban fringe areas, can provide recuperation and recreation services for both urban and rural residents, and are thus expected to play an important role in protecting natural landscape resources and ecological infrastructure, and improving the sustainable development of urban space.Based on this, from the perspective of landscape sense, this research adopts the SOR model to explore the influence of the visual perception of landscape Kuang-Ao of urban country parks on tourists’ behavioral intentions.[Method] This research selects users of nine urban country parks in Fuzhou as research objects. The research firstly collects data through questionnaire survey, with 500 effective questionnaires being finally obtained. Then the research adopts SPSS 26.0 and AMOS 26.0 software for data analysis and structural equation model testing.[Results] The research finds that: 1) every unit increase of Kuang-Ao landscape elements, Kuang-Ao space features and Kuang-Ao vision elements can increase tourists’ behavior intention by 0.278,-0.008 and 0.129 units respectively;2) every unit increase of Kuang-Ao feeling and restorative perception can increase tourists’ behavioral intention by 0.218 and 0.293 units respectively;3) Kuang-Ao feelings play a mediating role in the relationship between KuangAo visual perception and behavioral intention.[Conclusion] 1) The perception of landscape elements has the greatest influence on behavioral intention, while the perception of space features has no significant influence on behavioral intention. Moreover, emotional feelings and health perceptions that enter psychological perception can be transformed into behavioral activities and mental intentions of tourists. 2) Kuang-Ao visual perception can drive tourists’ behavioral intention through the following three paths: “Kuang-Ao visual perception-Kuang-Ao feeling-behavior intention”“Kuang-Ao visual perception-restorative perception-behavioral intention” and “Kuang-Ao visual perception-Kuang-Ao feeling-restorative perception. behavioral intention”. At the same time, there is an internal hierarchical structure between the two intermediary variables, that is, “Kuang-Ao feeling. restorative perception”.Therefore, in order to promote the intention of tourists to visit country parks. Firstly, it is necessary to construct a country landscape image that highlights natural wildness, simplicity and vitality. For example: 1) on the premise of ensuring the sense of space security, improve the naturalness of space; 2) while increasing the natural wilderness of landscape,pay attention to improving the beauty of landscape; 3) highlight the theme characteristics of country parks and create landscape images. Secondly,tourists can improve their restorative perception and profound feeling by focusing on restorative landscape element creation and landscape space creation emphasizing multiple feelings. For example: 1) by enhancing the openness of space and improving the transparency and ease of thinking,strengthen the feeling of clarity during the tour, and enhance the sense of tranquility, comfort and happiness; 2) by improving the complexity and mystery of space, strengthen the feeling of profoundness during the tour, while enhancing the explorability of space, and the sense of security, vitality and awe.Finally, the construction of landscape elements focuses on the construction of water landscape and plant landscape. For example: 1) design winding water surface, increase the area of water body and ensure good water quality, so as to prevent the beautiful scenery that sky and water merge at the horizon with the reflection visible, thus restoring the extensibility and compatibility of tourists’ sensual perception; 2) appropriately conduct terrain stacking based on the original terrain, and surround the space with bushes and hedges to increase the consistency and compatibility of space. Plant plants with comfortable texture and touch in the vicinity, match plants with harmonious and consistent colors in the sitting-out area to highlight the consistency of the environment, and appropriately add some small artificial facilities with special colors such as seats and signs to increase the novelty of tourists’ restorative perception. To sum up,in order to further analyze the relationship between landscape perception in urban country parks and behavioral intentions of tourists, other independent variables such as auditory perception, tactile perception, taste perception and olfactory perception can be introduced in future researches to examine the relationship between them and tourists’ behavioral intentions, thus more comprehensively revealing the health benefits that the landscape in country parks can bring to tourists and the influence thereof on tourists’ willingness to tour such parks.

2019年末,新冠肺炎疫情(COVID-19)暴发影响了人们的身心健康.社区公园作为与居民联系最紧密的公共绿地,在疫情期间对缓解居民消极情绪和提升心理健康方面有着重要作用.文章通过滚雪球抽样法调查新冠肺炎疫情发生前后居民对社区公园的游览方式、情感及健康感知情况,揭示社区公园对居民身心健康的影响机制,为后疫情时代社区公园的规划设计提供参考.结果表明:新冠肺炎疫情期间居民游览社区公园的方式未发生明显变化;疫情期间社区公园对于居民的身心健康具有调节作用,居民对社区公园的场所依恋情感有所增强;疫情期间游览社区公园可以增进场所依恋情感,进而使居民的身心健康感知得到提升.

该研究以福州河南新村作为研究对象,利用条件价值法计算支付意愿值,并利用二元Logistics回归模型和多元线性回归模型,对影响居民支付意愿和支付金额的因素进行分析.结果显示:(1)59.12％的受访者有支付意愿,人均支付金额为71.25元(1次性支付).(2)对城市老旧居住区景观改造的了解程度、居住时长、平均每天在公共区域的活动时长对支付意愿有显著正相关影响,对现状景观满意度和受访者年龄与支付意愿呈显著负相关影响.(3)受访者受教育水平和月收入水平对支付金额有显著正相关影响,对城市老旧居住区景观改造的了解程度、现状景观满意度、受访者年龄与支付金额有显著负相关影响.城市老旧居住区景观改造是提升人居环境的重要途径之一,可为政府引导居民参与老旧居住区景观改造提供决策参考.

以南宁市金花茶公园为研究对象,通过查阅相关文献、现场调研以及发放调查问卷的方式获得基础数据,利用主成分分析法对问卷数据进行处理,建立茶花文化与科普体验影响因子模型.结果表明:共16项影响因子可以被提取出3个主成分,所占权重的大小为:公园基本情况(0?3818)>文化科普感知(0?3767)>直接感官体验(0?2415),结果表明公园基本情况对茶花文化与科普体验的影响起到主要作用,文化科普感知所包含的因素起到一定的作用,直接感官体验起的作用较小.该文结论以期为文化科普类公园的建设以及改造提供参考.

Studies have indicated that urban greenways promote physical and perceived restoration. However, there is a lack of research on the impact of treetop trails on human perceived restoration. In this study, two representative treetop trails in Fuzhou city were selected to investigate treetop trails' impact on users' perceived restoration. The study adopted a structural equation modelling approach to explore the influence mechanisms and pathways of treetop trails on users' perceived restoration, through 412 questionnaires. The results showed that the perceived environmental quality of treetop trails had a significant positive effect on users' overall psychological wellbeing. Place attachment had a significant positive effect on users' perceived restoration and a significant mediating effect on users' perceived environmental quality of trails. The results of this study revealed that the mechanisms of the impact of treetop trails on users' perceived restoration and the construction of treetop trails can be enhanced in the future by improving trail facilities, enriching trail perception of elevated feeling, improving trail landscape quality, and optimising trail design.

越来越多的研究证实植物可以对人体的心理效益产生积极的影响.然而,现有研究多集中于室外自然环境,未能揭示室内植物与人体心理效益之间的影响关系.以中国知网(CNKI)、万方数据知识服务平台、Web of Science核心合集数据库等为依据,采用文献计量法分析了1995—2021年发表的室内植物与人体心理效益相关的定量实证研究.分析室内植物对人体心理效益影响研究领域内的文献发表年度趋势、研究热点、领域动态以及主要研究方法,并从室内植物对心理健康、认知能力和环境感知3个方面的影响,总结出室内植物对人体心理效益可能存在的影响机制.最后,归纳出当前室内植物对人体心理效益影响研究的趋势、室内外植物影响的差异和目前研究存在的争议,并提出今后研究应当扩展室内植物类别与特征、充分利用新兴的技术手段、重视室内空间的多样性以及室内环境要素之间的相互影响等建议,以期为今后室内植物的身心健康效益研究提供借鉴.

Through case analysis of the main urban areas of Fuzhou City, this paper presents a practical idea and method for comprehensive evaluation of mountains, by giving full consideration to the distinguishing features of Shan-shui cities（literally defined as cities of mountains and rivers）, the natural attributes of mountains, the multiple values of mountains, the relationship between mountains and surrounding environment and the relationship between people and mountains. In the criterion layer of the natural mountain comprehensive evaluation system, natural features have the highest weight of 0.3816; in the index layer, elevation has the highest weight of 0.1966. The results show that in the main urban areas of Fuzhou there are 15 first-grade mountains, 15 second-grade mountains and 28 third-grade mountains, representing about 25.86%,25.86% and 48.28% of the total, respectively. This study can provide reference for the planning on graded protection of urban mountains.

通过对村民的行为特征和场所依恋的概念内涵与维度构成进行深入剖析,探究村民依恋情感与乡村公共空间建设的关联性和作用机制,进而归纳分析出空间中诱发依恋情感产生的因素,以此作为提升的切入点,为平舆县余楼村公共空间的品质提升提供理论参考和规划指引.

为探究森林步道不同空间类型和景观特征对游人心理和生理感知的差异,选取福州市具有代表性的森林步道空间实景图片,建立虚拟场景图片,并对40名被试者通过心理恢复性评价问卷结合使用ErgoLAB多导仪器进行环境模拟实验,采集恢复性评价得分、皮电皮温数据(EDA)以及心率数据(HRV).结果表明:森林步道六类空间感知恢复性排序为:森林步道近景高绿视率空间>森林步道远景高绿视率空间>森林步道远景中绿视率空间>森林步道近景低绿视率空间>森林步道远景低绿视率空间>森林步道近景中绿视率空间;环境偏好特征对感知恢复性影响最为显著;森林步道六类空间对被试者产生良好生理健康影响,但各类空间的数据之间并无显著性差异.

以福州飞凤山奥体公园绿道为研究对象,按主客观相结合的方式对绿道中18个景点进行景观视觉综合评价.运用SBE法进行主观评价,应用GIS技术选取景观视觉敏感度、景观视觉吸收力和景观视觉生态因子进行AHP客观评价,综合主客观的评价结果,构建AHP客观评价-美景度主观偏好矩阵,将该公园视觉景观划分为4个区域,并提出相应的景观保护和规划建议.研究结果显示:观景桥、入口广场、步云台、综合广场、梯田花海、台地花园和极限运动场位于主客观评价均高的核心景观区,入云台、休闲茶室、观景亭和暮坡位于客观评价低和主观评价高的普通景观区,雨水花园位于主客观评价均低的次优先改造区,儿童活动区、曲波径、青少年生态科普馆、潋光园、认养种植园和石光园位于主观评价低和客观评价高的优先改造区.主客观矩阵分析结果,为景观保护等级的划分提供参考依据,同时也可以为城市绿道景观视觉评价体系提供技术支撑和科学实践依据.

为研究不同环境特征与恢复性感知之间的关系,以随机抽样的方法对福建农林大学的绿地使用者进行问卷调查,对以该校为例的校园绿地的八类环境特征进行评价描述,并将受访者的恢复性体验与之进行相关性分析,探究绿地使用者在不同环境特征下的恢复性体验.结果表明:(1)校园绿地的环境特征中,最能够影响个体恢复性感知的特征维度为"社交体验""物种多样性""干扰性".(2)不同环境特征对使用者的恢复性感知都存在显著影响,且环境特征对恢复性感知的不同维度影响程度也不同.(3)使用者年龄越高恢复性感知评价越高,而学历越高恢复性感知评价却越低,且绿地的使用频率越高、接触时间越长越能够促进个体的恢复性感知评价.

为探讨湿热地区校园冬季不同景观空间小气候和人群热舒适情况,在福建农林大学选取6个典型空间(竹林、中华园草坪、创新楼绿地、西门广场、金山路和观音湖小路),实地开展小气候监测及问卷调查,在3个测试日中共得到调查问卷302份(有效率为95??27％).分析比较不同景观空间的小气候差异,并依据调查结果,运用热舒适评价指标,评价不同景观空间的热舒适度.结果表明:草坪空间在冬季表现出较好的热舒适度,竹林空间和建筑中庭空间(创新楼绿地)最不舒适;研究表明,近半数人希望冬季气温升高,风速减小,太阳辐射增大;采用回归分析法计算得出,冬季校园人体热感觉适中的生理等效温度(PET)为17??3℃,热感觉适中的PET范围在15??7—18℃;热舒适的PET范围为17??9—23??1℃;80％的人群热可接受率所对应的PET≥16??2℃.该研究结果为优化校园景观空间的规划设计和后期管理提出了参考依据.

空间公平是衡量城市绿地布局水平的重要指标,也是评价公园绿地服务水平的原则.基于GIS中的网络分析法,以福州市江北城区为例,从居住区和行政分区2个层面计算了5,10,15 min通行阈值下的公园绿地可达性及公园绿地服务面积比,对公园绿地服务水平进行评价,并以此衡量绿地空间布局公平性.结果表明:研究区内公园绿地服务水平整体呈中、南部高,北部低的特点,空间公平性有待提高;研究区整体可达性较高,15 min通行时间下居住区和行政分区的公园绿地服务面积比分别为80.82％和60.95％;点状、带状绿地在提升公园绿地服务水平上起到了重要作用.在未来城市绿地规划中应重点考虑空间公平,这对在密集型城市中充分发挥公园绿地的服务水平及推动城市绿地高质量发展有着重要意义.

以最新四大"火炉城市"之首福州市为研究地点,从热环境的角度出发,以口袋公园为研究对象,通过热环境实测数据对口袋公园与城市热环境的关系进行分析,探讨口袋公园的景观特征以及城市设计指标与城市热环境的关系,为未来口袋公园的建设和优化提供建议.结果表明:1)口袋公园在白天和夜间比周围城市街道要凉爽,在微尺度上可以改善城市热环境;2)口袋公园绿化覆盖率、面积、形状指数与热环境存在负相关关系.当口袋公园周长小于300m时,其与平均温度的关系是正相关,当口袋公园周长大于300m时,其与温度的关系是负相关关系;3)建筑密度与口袋公园的空气温度呈现显著的正相关关系,在夜间却显示得比较微弱;容积率与温度呈现抛物线关系,容积率超过一定数值(1.25)可以降低环境温度;4)口袋公园绿化覆盖率和形状指数对周边环境降温程度具有一定的影响,绿化覆盖率越大,形状指数越复杂,降温幅度越大.

以福州江滨公园为实例,从中选择广场、草坪、路径、建筑和密林5类空间节点,采用行为注记法、问卷调查法和现场调研法,侧重从游憩行为特征、空间节点整体满意度及空间节点基本景观属性这3个方面开展调查与剖析,以此探究绿地空间节点与游憩群体间的供需匹配度.研究结果表明:节假日、休息日的各节点使用人次明显高于工作日,各节点不同时段的人群数量变化呈相近趋势,整体上路径节点游客数量最多,建筑节点最少;青年和中老年是江滨公园绿地空间节点的主要使用群体,不同年龄层段的游客群体在一天内的活动时间安排不同.总之,福州江滨公园各空间节点的相应规律是:密林节点的游憩群体类型最丰富;路径节点的游憩活动类型最多样;建筑节点的游憩活动相对单一,以静坐为主;不同类型的空间节点分布合理性影响因素有所不同,基本景观属性全面、空间内容丰富的节点更受市民和游客青睐,即其与游憩群体的供需匹配度更好,游客的满意度自然也就更高.

为探究城市休闲绿地中声景出现频率与其恢复性效益之间的关系并确定最优函数模型,文章从声景与人体健康之间关系的角度出发,以福州市5处城市休闲绿地为例,通过层次分析法构建声景恢复性评价体系,再以声漫步实验获取研究区域内声景出现频率的客观数据及恢复性主观评分,选择12类函数模型进行主客观数据拟合并建立关系模型.结果显示:人工声出现频率与其恢复性效益之间存在显著负相关关系(-0.815),而生物声、地球物理声与其对应的恢复性效益之间均存在显著正相关关系(0.874、0.888),拟合度最佳的函数模型为三元线性回归方程模型(0.789).基于此模型可将声景出现频率的客观数据转化为人在声环境中恢复性感受的主观值,进而结合园林设计手段提出相应的声景环境恢复性营造及优化提升建议,以期能够为今后声环境与人体健康方面的相关研究提供参考思路和数据支撑.

风景名胜区代表着我国生态系统保护的特色,近年来逐渐成为重要的旅游目的地之一.选取雁荡山风景名胜区作为温州自然保护地代表,深度挖掘携程网、去哪儿网、美团等共7大旅游网站游客评论,采用网络文本分析法和IPA分析法对其进行旅游形象感知研究.结果表明:1)雁荡山风景名胜区的二灵一龙景区为游客提及最多的高频词,语义网络呈"核心-次核心-外围"布局.2)游客以积极情绪为主,中性情绪和消极情绪在可控程度之内.3)基于游客感知,可将雁荡山风景名胜区旅游形象归纳为旅游资源、基础设施、娱乐项目、服务管理、文化体验、情感评价等6个项目,并细分为16个要素进行研究.4)对16个构成要素的具体评论依次进行编码分析,构建IPA模型分析得知,游客感知的各要素表现性分值较高,但重要性分值较为分散.其中,自然景观风貌、公共交通、景区管理、氛围评价为优势要素,暂无弱势要素.

以城市山地公园游客满意度评价为研究目标,选取金鸡山公园作为研究对象,通过问卷调查法得到游客对于金鸡山公园的满意度评价数据,依据AHP法建立起金鸡山公园游客满意度评价体系并得到相关指标权重.结果显示:游客对金鸡山公园整体满意度评分为3.796,属于"比较满意"等级,对准则层满意度评分由高到低依次为:景观效果(3.904)>公园管理(3.804)>服务设施及小品(3.744)>交通出行(3.694),均属于"比较满意"等级.根据对这4项准则层所包含的16个指标因子的分析研究表明:金鸡山公园整体景观效果良好,基础设施较为完善,但存在交通便捷度较低、安全设施失修、治安管理情况一般等问题,因此通过IPA法得出金鸡山公园整体环境优化策略,并为其他同类型公园的优化提供参考建议.

从环境心理学的角度,引入恢复性景观的概念,借鉴心理物理学的研究方法,选择了福州市3所具有代表性的城市公园,对园中的绿色景观、蓝色景观及灰色景观进行景观恢复性评价实验.借鉴谢弗图片分析法,通过Photo-shop软件统计像素值,进行景观类型的划分及占比计算,得出各类景观占比的客观数据;通过恢复性评价实验得出恢复性评分的主观数据;通过SPSS相关性分析,得出各类景观占比与其恢复性评分之间的关系,并通过曲线估算进一步探究其具体的函数关系,根据主客观数据的拟合结果,分别得到了3类景观的占比与恢复性评分之间的关系模型.分别选择3类景观中具有最佳拟合优度的关系模型,最终综合得出适用于城市公园的景观恢复性评价模型.通过此模型能够将客观的景观占比数据转化为主观的恢复性评分数据,模拟出人们在城市公园中的恢复性心理感受,进而为城市公园的恢复性景观营造与提升提供理论支持和数据支撑.