Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy has emerged as a transformative approach in oncology, particularly for hematologic malignancies. However, its application to solid tumors, such as ovarian cancer, remains challenging. This review discusses recent advancements in CAR-T cell therapy specifically targeting ovarian cancer, with a focus on current strategies and future directions. We first introduce the fundamental structure of CARs, detailing the core components including the antigen-binding domain, the transmembrane domain, and the signaling domains. The optimization of CAR-T design is then examined, highlighting innovative strategies such as bispecific CAR-Ts, co-expression CAR-Ts, fine-tuning of CAR constructs, and cytokine-modified CAR-Ts. The review further explores a comprehensive array of antigen targets relevant to ovarian cancer, ranging from HER2 and mesothelin to more novel targets like CD47 and L1CAM. Additionally, we investigate how nanotechnology is enhancing CAR-T cell therapy for solid tumors, with specific attention to mRNA delivery systems, liposomal nanoparticles, hydrogel-based platforms, and the integration of photothermal therapy.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1395673.].

Oral immunization can elicit an effective immune response and immune tolerance to specific antigens. When compared with the traditional injection route, delivering antigens via the gastrointestinal mucosa offers superior immune effects and compliance, as well as simplicity and convenience, making it a more optimal route for immunization. At present, various oral vaccine delivery systems exist. Certain modified bacteria, such as Salmonella, Escherichia coli and particularly Lactobacillus, are considered promising carriers for oral vaccines. These carriers can significantly enhance immunization efficiency by actively replicating in the intestinal tract following oral administration. The present review provided a discussion of the main mechanisms of oral immunity and the research progress made in the field of oral vaccines. Additionally, it introduced the advantages and disadvantages of the currently more commonly administered injectable COVID-19 vaccines, alongside the latest advancements in this area. Furthermore, recent developments in oral vaccines are summarized, and their potential benefits and side effects are discussed.

This study focused on measuring the concentration of formaldehyde in furniture markets, malls, hotels, and restaurants in Guilin, Liuzhou, and Nanning in Guangxi, China. Correlations between the indoor formaldehyde concentration and temperature, humidity, and air change rate were also obtained. The sixty sampled public places selected for this study represented the typical public indoor environment in Guangxi. The percentages of measured formaldehyde concentrations exceeding the standard (0.1 mg m−3) in furniture markets, malls, and hotels were 94

Group B streptococcal (GBS) is a Gram-positive bacterium that is commonly found in the gastrointestinal tract and urogenital tract. GBS infestation during pregnancy is a significant contributor to maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality globally. This article aims to discuss the infectious diseases caused by GBS in the field of obstetrics and gynecology, as well as the challenges associated with the detection, treatment, and prevention of GBS.

Multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria-caused infections have been a major threat to human health. The abuse of conventional antibiotics accelerates the generation of MDR bacteria and makes the situation worse. The emergence of nanomaterials holds great promise for solving this tricky problem due to their multiple antibacterial mechanisms, tunable antibacterial spectra, and low probabilities of inducing drug resistance. In this review, we summarize the mechanism of the generation of drug resistance, and introduce the recently developed nanomaterials for dealing with MDR bacteria via various antibacterial mechanisms. Considering that biosafety and mass production are the major bottlenecks hurdling the commercialization of nanoantibiotics, we introduce the related development in these two aspects. We discuss urgent challenges in this field and future perspectives to promote the development and translation of nanoantibiotics as alternatives against MDR pathogens to traditional antibiotics-based approaches.

OBJECTIVELong intergenic non-coding RNA 1088 (LINC01088) has been suggested to act as a tumor suppressor in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC); however, the prognostic role of LINC01088 has not been evaluated in cancer patients. This study aimed to investigate the expression of LINC01088 in EOC, along with evaluating its clinical-pathological and prognostic importance.PATIENTS AND METHODSA bioinformatics tool (GEPIA) was used to screen the dysregulated lncRNAs. Quantitative Real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to measure expression level of LINC01088 in EOC tumor samples and adjacent non-tumor tissues. Then, the association between LINC01088 expression and pathological parameters were further evaluated. Overall survival (OS) was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method, and the differences in survival were compared using the log-rank test. Univariate and multivariate analysis were performed using the Cox proportional hazard analysis.RESULTSWe found that LINC01088 expression was significantly down-regulated in EOC tissues via "GEPIA". Then, the results of RT-PCT confirmed that the expression levels of LINC01088 were significantly lower in EOC tissues compared to adjacent noncancerous tissues (p < 0.01). Interestingly, lower LINC01088 expression levels were associated with FIGO stage (p = 0.000), grade (p = 0.003) and distant metastasis (p = 0.006). Moreover, Kaplan-Meier analysis indicated that patients with low LINC01088 expression had a poor overall survival (p = 0.0013). Finally, univariate and multivariate analysis show that LINC01088 expression is an independent predictor for overall survival.CONCLUSIONSLow LINC01088 expression was associated with the progression of EOC and could serve as a potential independent prognostic biomarker for patients with EOC.

OBJECTIVE: We investigated the value of the joint detection of tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA), ovarian cancer antigen X1 (OVX1), cathepsin L (CTSL) and CA125 on the early diagnosis of epithelial ovarian carcinoma (EOC).PATIENTS AND METHODS: From October 2011 to February 2015, 84 cases of patients under surgical treatment of epithelial ovarian cancer, 98 cases of patients with benign epithelial ovarian tumor and 51 subjects in healthy control group were selected to detect the level of TPA, OVX1 and CTSL in serum from the Obstetrics and Gynecology Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University. The clinical data of patients with ovarian tumor were collected and analyzed, and the levels of CA12 were measured.RESULTS: 3 indicators in the malignant group were significantly higher than those in the benign group and healthy control group (p < 0.05). The total positive rate and the positive rate of early detection of TPA on EOC were the highest, and the total positive rate of OVX1 was lower than that of CA125. The total positive rate and the positive rate of early detection of CA125+TPA on EOC were the highest. The positive rate of early detection and the total positive rate of the pairwise combined detection of the other index and CA125 on EOC were significantly higher than those of the single detection of CA125 (p < 0.05). The joint detection of CA125+OVX1 and the single detection of CA125 were not statistically significant. However, the remaining differences were statistically significant (p < 0.05).CONCLUSIONS: The level of TPA, OVX1 and CTSL in serum was potential detection index, the joint detection of TPA and CA125 was the ideal combination, which took into account the total positive rate, the positive rate of early detection on EOC and the improved diagnostic rate of EOC.

A three-factor-three-level experiment was developed by the central composite design (CCD) and Response surface methodology to discuss the effects of concentration of K2CO3, activation temperature and time on the adsorption capacity of the activated carbon (AC) derived from the rice husk and to identify the key preparation parameters. The performance of the AC was characterized by nitrogen adsorption isotherm as Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) and scanning electron microscope (SEM), respectively. The optimal parameters were obtained: Rice husk was soaked in K2CO3 solution (2.32 mol/L) with an impregnation ratio (rice husk: K2CO3=1:3) (wt. %), activated at 1239 K for 0.48 h. The results showed that iodine adsorption capacity of the AC was 1268.52 mg/g, the error between the models predicted (1356.98 mg/g) was only 6.2%. The AC has a large apparent surface area (SBET = 1312 m2/g), total pore volume (0.78 cm3/g) and average pore diameter (11.92 Å).

Genistein (GEN), the primary isoflavone in legumes, has a well known weak estrogenic effect by binding to estrogen receptors, and widely used for the treatment of ovary disease induced by chemotherapeutics, however, the details of the exact mechanisms was unclear so far, thus, the aim of our study was to find the effect on granulosa cells of ovary induced by cisplatin (CDDP) after using GEN treatment by (3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) (MTT) method and flow cytometry. The results demonstrated that CDDP could inhibit the proliferation of granulosa cells of ovary by affecting cell cycle S stage. Moreover, CDDP also could arrest cell cycle in G1-M stage, which would evidently increase the number of apoptotic cell. Genistein has the potential to prevent the damaging effect of CDDP and improve the differentiation and proliferations of the cells to make the blockage of the cell cycle disappear, which is related to the dose of GEN and time. The present study provides improvement in understanding the molecular pathogenic mechanism of premature ovarian failure (POF) induced by chemotherapeutics and development of GEN as effective treatment drugs. Key words: Genistein, Premature ovarian failure, Granulosa cells of ovary, Flow Cytometry.

The influencing factors such as H3PO4 concentration,additives,activation temperature and time on the yield and methylene blue adsorption value of the sugarcane leaves based activated carbon were studied by orthogonal test,and the microstructure of the sugarcane leaves based activated carbon were characterized by scanning electron microscope(SEM).The results show that the optimal process for preparation are obtained as following: Sugarcane leaves are infused 12 h in 35% phosphoric acid,with adding 6% addition agent 1 and 1% addition agent 2,and heated 40 min at 673 K,the activated carbon has a neat micro pore structure,the yield and methylene blue adsorption value of the activated carbon are 47.05% and 202.50 mg/g,respectively.The methylene blue adsorption value is as 1.5 times as that of activated carbon of the first grade standard in GB/T 13803.2-1999.

Activated carbon was prepared from sugarcane leaves using H_3PO_4 as activator.The preparation process was optimized by orthogonal experiments,and its adsorption capability for chromium ions in wastewater and regenerable property were studied.The experimental results show that:Under the conditions of H_3PO_4 volume fraction 15%,H_2SO_4 volume fraction 6%,HCl volume fraction 3%,activation temperature 723 K and activation time 0.58 h,the yield of the activated carbon is 35.07%,and its iodine adsorption value is 1 207 mg/g.The maximum equilibrium adsorption capacity of the activated carbon for Cr(VI) is 30.89 mg/g,and that of the HNO_3-regenerated activated carbon is 39.48 mg/g;The maximum regeneration efficiency can reach 87.41%,and above 80%of regeneration efficiency can be kept after 3 times of regeneration.

The composite film samples were prepared by using the sol-get method with lanthanum nitrate,natural tourmaline and tetra-n-butyl titanate as raw materials.The preparation technology of the film was analyzed using UV-Vis adsorption spectrum after optimized by orthogonal test.The results showed that the adsorption spectrum of TiO2 showed a gradual Einstein shift with the doping of lanthanum,and the absorbing intensity of TiO2 were enhanced with the doping of tourmaline.The optimal conditions were obtained:calcinated for 1.5h at 500℃ after load 2 times,the concentration of La3+ and tourmaline in specimen were 1.2wt% and 0.8wt%,respectively,and the degradation of formaldehyde of sample was 82.5%.

以硝酸镧、天然电气石（Tourmaline，简称T）和钛酸丁酯为原料，采用溶胶一凝胶法制备掺杂电气石和稀土La的Ti咙复合光催化薄膜样品。用正交试验方法对影响该薄膜样品光催化性能的制备工艺进行优化，并通过紫外可见光谱对复合薄膜样品的吸收光谱进行分析。结果表明，掺杂稀土元素La可使TiO2的光吸收范围发生红移，掺杂电气石将增强La／TiO2光吸收强度，T／La／TiO2复合光催化薄膜最佳制备工艺为：La3＋掺杂量为1．2％（wt，下同）、电气石掺杂量为0．8％、焙烧温度为500℃、焙烧时间为1．5h、负载次数2次，样品的的甲醛降解率可达82．5％。

The advanced porous ceramic membrane has been provided to be one kind of practical feasible new technical route for high temperature, high corrosion gas purification,but the design of device has many problems urgently needed solving.The Gambit software was used to establish two-dimensional geometry model of the ceramic membrane tube,and the mixture model in the Fluent software was used to simulate the instaneous speed and the pressure field.The results indicated that the distribution of pressure drop is uniform,and the pressure drop loss mainly occurred in porous filter medium.The model may be used to forecast the gas flow situation in ceramic membrane filter,and provide the theory base for the optimized design of the dust remover.