目的 了解广西典型的工业城市—柳州市公共场所空气质量情况. 方法 采用甲醛检测仪、有机气体检测仪等分析了柳州市的家具城、商场、文化娱乐场所、候车室、宾馆的甲醛和TVOC浓度. 结果 柳州市文化娱乐场所和候车室的甲醛、TVOC合格率均为100％;商场、家具城、宾馆的甲醛合格率分别为79.7％、86.4％、92.4％,TVOC合格率分别为99.2％、95.5％、98.5％;商场、家具城、宾馆甲醛平均浓度分别为(0.063±0.016)、(0.087±0.031)、(0.063±0.013)mg/m3;甲醛污染严重的商场中,皮革区、床上用品区、服装区、文化用品区、化妆品区、电器区的甲醛平均浓度及合格率差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),污染最严重的皮革区甲醛合格率仅71.9％,浓度高达0.268mg/m3,为国家标准的2.7倍.结论 柳州市公共场所中,商场、家具城内空气中甲醛污染比较严重,尤其是商场皮革区.

目的 了解南宁市居室空气质量情况,探讨室内空气中甲醛和总挥发性有机化合物(TVOC)的污染程度和分布情况.方法 采用PPM-400ST甲醛检测仪、PhoCheck Tiger-PCT有机气体检测仪等测试分析了南宁市典型居室中客厅、卧室、书房的甲醛和TVOC浓度.结果 南宁市居室的书房、卧室、客厅中TVOC合格率分别为97.6％、92.9％、100％,甲醛合格率分别为23.8％、26.2％、71.4％;甲醛污染严重的是书房,甲醛质量浓度超过国家标准1～2倍、2～3倍、3倍以上的比例分别为21.4％、31.0％、23.8％,最高质量浓度为0.901 mg/m3,是国家标准的9.0倍.结论 室内甲醛、TVOC质量浓度普遍较高,通风及宽敞的室内空间有利于降低污染程度.

The concentrations of formaldehyde and total volatile organic compounds (TVOCs) were monitored in the air of public places,such as hotels,shopping malls,waiting rooms,furniture shops,and entertainment places in Guilin.The results showed that the content of formaldehyde and TVOCs in waiting rooms and entertainment places could meet the national standard one hundred percent.However,the qualified rates of TVOCs in hotels, shopping malls,and furniture shops were 98.7%,98.9%,and 95.0%respectively.The qualified rates of form-aldehyde were even lower in the same places as 78.8%,9 1.1%,and 85.0%respectively.The results also indi-cated that the leather goods and furniture materials were the main pollution sources.

目的 研究刨花板及其家具空间内的甲醛释放特性.方法 采用小型气候箱模拟室内环境,研究环境本底质量浓度、温度、装载量、换气流量等因素对刨花板释放甲醛的影响规律及其家具空间内的甲醛质量浓度分布规律.结果 刨花板释放甲醛的过程由快速释放、缓慢释放、释放饱和三个阶段组成,释放的甲醛质量浓度随着温度、装载量的增加而增加,随着换气流量的增加而减小,环境质量浓度对甲醛释放有抑制作用,释放的最高甲醛质量浓度是国家标准的4.6倍;刨花板家具空间内的甲醛合格率只有16.7％,最高甲醛质量浓度是国标的27.4倍,超过国标1～2倍、2～3倍、3倍以上的比例分别为20.0％、30.0％、33.3％.结论 温度、换气率及甲醛环境质量浓度对甲醛释放具有显著影响.

Activated carbon was prepared from sugarcane leaves using H_3PO_4 as activator.The preparation process was optimized by orthogonal experiments,and its adsorption capability for chromium ions in wastewater and regenerable property were studied.The experimental results show that:Under the conditions of H_3PO_4 volume fraction 15%,H_2SO_4 volume fraction 6%,HCl volume fraction 3%,activation temperature 723 K and activation time 0.58 h,the yield of the activated carbon is 35.07%,and its iodine adsorption value is 1 207 mg/g.The maximum equilibrium adsorption capacity of the activated carbon for Cr(VI) is 30.89 mg/g,and that of the HNO_3-regenerated activated carbon is 39.48 mg/g;The maximum regeneration efficiency can reach 87.41%,and above 80%of regeneration efficiency can be kept after 3 times of regeneration.

The composite film samples were prepared by using the sol-get method with lanthanum nitrate,natural tourmaline and tetra-n-butyl titanate as raw materials.The preparation technology of the film was analyzed using UV-Vis adsorption spectrum after optimized by orthogonal test.The results showed that the adsorption spectrum of TiO2 showed a gradual Einstein shift with the doping of lanthanum,and the absorbing intensity of TiO2 were enhanced with the doping of tourmaline.The optimal conditions were obtained:calcinated for 1.5h at 500℃ after load 2 times,the concentration of La3+ and tourmaline in specimen were 1.2wt% and 0.8wt%,respectively,and the degradation of formaldehyde of sample was 82.5%.

以硝酸镧、天然电气石（Tourmaline，简称T）和钛酸丁酯为原料，采用溶胶一凝胶法制备掺杂电气石和稀土La的Ti咙复合光催化薄膜样品。用正交试验方法对影响该薄膜样品光催化性能的制备工艺进行优化，并通过紫外可见光谱对复合薄膜样品的吸收光谱进行分析。结果表明，掺杂稀土元素La可使TiO2的光吸收范围发生红移，掺杂电气石将增强La／TiO2光吸收强度，T／La／TiO2复合光催化薄膜最佳制备工艺为：La3＋掺杂量为1．2％（wt，下同）、电气石掺杂量为0．8％、焙烧温度为500℃、焙烧时间为1．5h、负载次数2次，样品的的甲醛降解率可达82．5％。

研究了贮氢电池活化工艺与电池初始容量、充放电比率、电池极化、循环寿命之间的关系.结果表明:在设计贮氢合金时适当添加预防裂纹形成和裂纹扩展的合金元素,有利于提高贮氢电池的活化性能.采用适当的活化工艺可以使贮氢电池达到最佳的充放电效率.本研究的最佳活化工艺:活化充电电流为Ic=0.4C5A,活化时间为3.0h,放电电流为Id=0.2C5A,放电终止电压为1.0V,活化次数为6次,经此工艺活化的贮氢电池的容量为246.9mAh/g,活化时的充放电比率为89%,经过450次充放电循环后,贮氢电池的容量下降28.1%.

The technology of SnO 2 nanocrytalline thin-film prepared by RF-sputtering are studied in this paper,and results show that the nanocrytalline thin-film β-Sn can be prepared by RF-sputtering,and then the nanocrytalline thin-film SnO 2 can be obtained by suitable oxidation technology.The X-ray experiments indicate that the nanocrytalline thin film Sn and the nanocrytalline thin-film SnO 2 are tiny,uniform and stable and the grain sices are 5nm and 6nm respectively.

采用正交试验方法研究了射频溅射的工艺因素对Sn膜形成过程的影响,得到了射频溅射制备Sn膜新工艺的最佳条件.X-射线衍射及SEM实验结果表明在该工艺条件下得到的Sn膜为非常细小均匀的β-Sn的晶体结构.