Previous research has demonstrated that a combined magnetic field (CMF) plays a critical role in modifying the properties of aqueous solutions, leading to an increase in the luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence of neutrophils. Using this model, the distant interaction between aqueous solutions was demonstrated, and the role of a CMF in the regulation of this phenomenon was established. In the current study, highly diluted (HD) phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) solution (the donor) was incubated with aqueous ethanol (the acceptor), both in a CMF-generating device and under geomagnetic field (GMF), for 0, 20, and 60 min. After a 60 min incubation at a 0 cm distance with HD PMA under both GMF and CMF, acceptor samples added to neutrophils increased neutrophil chemiluminescence by approximately sevenfold. The ability of HD PMA, which had been incubated with an acceptor, to activate ROS production diminished within 60 min of observation. However, the HD PMA sample remained an effective donor for up to 6 days after preparation. At a 10 cm distance between the donor and acceptor, the activation of the acceptor did not occur. These findings provide new insights into the phenomenon of distant interaction of solutions, whose mechanisms are suggested to be related to the quantum electrodynamics of water molecular dynamic structures.

The dynamics of sedimentation of whole blood cells and erythrocyte mass during sequential dilution with dextran solutions in vitro has been studied. Nonmonotonic changes in the optical density of the border between erythrocytes deposited both in their own plasma and in model systems were revealed. Fluctuations in the average and instantaneous rates of the process recorded at the boundary of cell subsidence confirm the nonlinear and cooperative nature of erythrocyte sedimentation, which is associated with the formation and separation of phases between cellular, liquid and gaseous components of blood. The structural reorganization of this dynamic system can be modulated in various ways, for example, by adding dextran solutions used in clinical practice in the case of blood loss, for detoxification, treatment and prevention of thrombophlebitis and shock conditions. It has been shown that the macro- and microkinetics of the erythrocyte sedimentation process depends both on the degree of dilution of blood (or model systems) by dextrans and on their molecular weight. The results obtained are consistent with the phase hypothesis of the settling of blood cells as a biocolloid, and can also be used in clinical hemotransfusiology to select an individual dosage of infusion solutions.

The dynamics of sedimentation of whole blood cells, as well as erythrocyte mass, has been studied during sequential dilution with dextran solutions in vitro. Nonmonotonic changes in the optical density of the boundary between erythrocytes sedimenting both in their own plasma and in model systems were revealed. The oscillations of both the average rate and the instantaneous rates of the process recorded at the cell sedimentation boundary confirm the non-linear and cooperative nature of erythrocyte sedimentation, which is associated with the formation and separation of phases between the cellular, liquid and gaseous components of blood. The structural rearrangement of this dynamic system can be modulated by various factors, for example, dextran solutions used in clinical practice for blood loss, for detoxification, treatment and prevention of thrombophlebitis and shock conditions. It was shown that both the degree of dilution of blood or model systems with dextrans and their molecular weight change the macro- and microkinetics of the process of erythrocyte sedimentation. These results are consistent with the phase hypothesis of sedimentation of blood cells as a biocolloid, and can also be used in clinical blood transfusion for selecting an individual dosage of infusion solutions.

Water vapor absorbs well in the infra-red region of the electromagnetic spectrum. Absorption of radiant energy by water or water droplets leads to formation of exclusion zone water that possesses peculiar physico-chemical properties. In the course of this study, normally functioning and damaged alkaline phosphatase, horseradish peroxidase and catalase were treated with humid air irradiated with infrared light with a wavelength in the range of 1270 nm and referred to as coherent humidity (CoHu). One-minute long treatment with CoHu helped to partially protect enzymes from heat inactivation, mixed function oxidation, and loss of activity due to partial unfolding. Authors suggest that a possible mechanism underlying the observed effects involves altering the physicochemical properties of aqueous media while treatment of the objects with CoHu where CoHu acts as an intermediary.

The dynamics of sedimentation of blood erythrocytes was studied during its sequential dilution with its own plasma in vitro. It was shown that with an increase in the degree of dilution of whole blood over 5%, a monotonous increase in the average erythrocyte sedimentation rate is observed. Dynamic changes in the density of the plasma-red cells border were found, which are manifested in the oscillatory nature of changes in the rate of the process and the phenomena of “negative sedimentation rate.” They are associated with structural reorganization of the system and phase separation “associated plasma/erythrocytes,” and can be modulated by the relative content of plasma in the blood, exhibiting a non-monotonic nature of the changes. The results obtained can be useful for further development of a model of behavior of blood cells as an active colloid, as well as for the creation of a method for monitoring the individual dosage of infusion solutions used in clinical practice for blood loss, for detoxification, treatment and prevention of thrombophlebitis and shock conditions.

Hydrated fullerene C 60 (HyFnC 60 ) is a symmetrical molecule of C 60 Buckminster fullerene surrounded by a water shell obtained by an original technique. It can act as an antioxidant or a pro-oxidant in various biological objects, depending on the conditions. In this study we added HyFnC 60 at a range of concentrations obtained by a method of serial dilutionswith vigorous shaking at each step to whole undiluted blood of healthy donors and hospital patients with COPD and examined lucigenin-enhanced blood chemiluminescence. We have found that HyFnC 60 at concentrations of 2.5 ´ 10 – 6 M, 2.5 ´ 10 – 7 M, 2.5 ´ 10 – 17 M, and 2.5 ´ 10 – 19 M increased lucigenin-dependent chemiluminescence in heathy donors’ blood while in blood of patients with COPD it had an opposite effect. This can be interpreted as in healthy donors’ blood reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation is enhanced by HyFnC 60 while in patients with a chronic inflammatory disease with already increased ROS generation it is attenuated. This indicates that HyFnC 60 preparations even in ultra-high dilutions may play the role of a tuner of the processes with ROS participation. Probable reasons of such action of HyFnC 60 on human blood even in ultra-high dilutions are discussed.

Background: Hydrated Fullerene C60 is a 60 carbon atoms symmetrical molecule that can be found in nature.Being transferred into aqueous solution, a hydrophobic C60 establishes Hydrated Fullerene C60 (HyFnC60) water solutions that possess oxidation balancing properties in a wide range of concentrations (2.5×10-6 -2.5×10-19 М).Nano ).Nano-particles of silica (SiO2) can initiate reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in aqueous solutions.As silica is a common pollutant and a component of manufactured goods, one of the most probable ways of its penetration into human body is inhalation followed by an increased risk of chronic inflammation and cell degeneration due to ROS production inside the cells and in the extracellular space. Aims:In this study we focused on the possibility of DNA protection of human bronchial epithelial cells (HBEpCs) of oxidative damage by silica nanoparticles with HyFnC60 in a wide range of concentrations.Methodology: Cultivated cells were treated with 50 mg/ml nano-sized SiO2.HBEpCs DNA strand breaks were accessed by comet assay.Intracellular ROS production was measured by DCFH-DA fluorescent spectrophotometry.HyFnC60 were added to the cell culture medium before treatment with silica.The calculated concentrations of HyFnC60 in the medium were 1×10-7 М).Nano 1×10-11 М).Nano , 1×10 -14 М).Nano and 1×10 -17 М).Nano .The solutions of HyFnC60 were prepared by 10-and 100-fold serial dilutions of HyFnC60 stock solution in pure water.Results were evaluated statistically by Student`s t-test and variance analysis by Statistica® software. Results and discussion:We have found that in case of pre-treatment of cells with 1×10 -7 М).Nano and 1×10 -17 М).Nano HyFnC60 prior addition of silica DNA damage was decreased.According to DCFH-DA fluorescent microscopy a significant decrease of ROS was observed in case of addition of HyFnC60 to the concentration of 1×10 -7 М).Nano only.In case of simultaneous treatment of cells with silica and HyFnC60 cell damage was decreased at HyFnC60 concentration of 1×10 -17 М).Nano .This data proves that DNA was damaged by ROS induced by silica nanoparticles.Moreover, the data confirm that HyFnC60 works as regulator of redox and free radical processes at low concentrations.

Water vapor absorbs well in the infrared (IR) region of the spectra. On the other hand, it was recently demonstrated that IR radiation promotes formation of the so-called exclusion zones (EZ) at the interfaces between hydrophilic surfaces and water. EZ-water properties differ significantly from that of bulk water. It was studied for the first time whether treatment of water with humid air irradiated with IR-C band could change its physical-chemical properties, making it EZ-water-like. Humid air irradiated with IR was called coherent humidity (CoHu). Redox potential and surface tension decreased in deionized water and mineral water samples that were treated with CoHu, while dielectric constant increased in such water samples. After such treatment of carbonate or phosphate buffers, their buffer capacity against acidification and leaching significantly increased. No such changes were observed in water samples treated with non-irradiated humid air. Thus, after treatment of tested aqueous systems with humid air exposed to IR radiation, their properties change, making them more like EZ-water. The results suggest that IR irradiation of humid air converts it into a carrier of a certain physical signal that affects water properties.

Hydrated fullerene C 60 (HyFn) is a supramolecular object in which the nanosized fullerene molecule is enclosed in a multilayer shell of water molecules. Despite the fact that fullerene C 60 is chemically rather inert, aqueous solutions of HyFn exhibit a wide spectrum of biological activity in particular in low and ultra-low concentrations. Thus, physical and chemical properties of aqueous solutions of HyFn in a wide range of its dilutions are of interest. Here we compared some physical and chemical properties of aqueous systems prepared by successive 100-fold dilutions of HyFn (10 –7 M) with deionized water, with their intensive shaking at each stage up to the calculated HyFn concentration of 10 –31 M and of the corresponding “dilutions” of deionized water prepared in the same manner (controls). We studied the character of рН changes in dilutions when titrating them with HCl and NaOH. It turned out that HyFn dilutions had significantly higher buffering capacity against acidification with HCl than control water “dilutions.” At the highest acidity reached pH in all HyFn dilutions was almost 0.3 units higher than in the respective controls. Average buffering capacity of HyFn dilutions and water controls when titrated with NaOH did not differ. However, differences in buffering capacity could be seen between consecutive dilutions of HyFn at their titration either with NaOH or with HCl. Most prominent differences were observed between consecutive HyFn dilutions in the range of calculated concentrations 10 –17 –10 –31 M titrated with NaOH while no significant differences in pH between equivalent “dilutions” of control water were observed. Similar though less prominent variations in buffering capacity between consecutive HyFn dilutions titrated with HCl were also noticed. Thus, titration with an acid and especially with an alkali made it possible to reveal differences between individual dilutions of HyFn, as well as differences between HyFn dilutions and corresponding dilutions of water. These features may be due to complexity in the structural properties of aqueous systems, which, supposedly, can arise due to the emergence of heterogenous aqueous regions (“clouds”) in the course of their dilutions with intensive mixing at each stage. In order to find out if such heterogeneity is a characteristic for HyFn dilutions we used the method of drying microsphere-containing droplets, whose aqueous base were either HyFn dilutions in the range of calculated HyFn concentration 10 –7 –10 –31 M or respective water controls. It was found that a significant part of HyFn dilutions is characterized by mesoscopic heterogeneity. It showed up by the tendency of microspheres to concentrate in a specific way resembling ornaments once the droplets had dried. As the degree of HyFn dilution increased, the number of dried droplets with an ornament-like microsphere distribution increased. Same was also observed in water control drops. However, for the dilutions of HyFn equivalent to concentrations 10 –19 –10 –31 M the percentage of complexly structured dried up droplets reached 60–80%, while for dried out drops of respective water controls it did not exceed 15–20%. Thus, the physicochemical properties of high dilutions of hydrated fullerene differ not only from each other dependently on the dilution level, but also from those of high dilutions of water, which can be explained by the structuredness and heterogeneity of these aqueous systems. Therefore, upon dilution process the properties of the solutions change according to complex and non-linear laws so that final dilutions cannot be identical in their properties and features to those of the initial solutions (before dilutions process) and to the untreated water. Dilution process, in view of the aforementioned, should not be underestimated when analyzing properties of the solutions, having shown to be able to affect dramatically properties of the solutions.

One of the major claims against homeopathy is that ultra-high dilutions (UHDs) of biologically active substances are identical to a pure solvent and therefore cannot possess biological activity. Thus, it is necessary to find out if UHDs differ from the solvent in their physical-chemical properties. Recently revolutionary discoveries concerning the properties of aqueous systems with “normal” concentrations of solutes, as well as of UHDs prepared from them, were made.

Regulatory peptides are one of the main signaling molecules that provide intercellular interactions in biological systems. Thus, regulatory peptides are known as morphogens - biologically active substances involved in the regulation of the morphogenesis of animals and plants. Until now, the interaction of plant and animal peptides and, in particular, the ‘cross’ effect of plant peptides on the morphogenesis of animals and vice versa has not been sufficiently investigated. The present work is devoted to the study of the effect of growth regulator peptide (CLV 3) of Arabidopsis on the morphogenesis of animals - freshwater flatworms – planaria. This peptide is an effective regulator of growth and differentiation of plant roots in low and ultra-low concentrations. Various biophysical methods have shown that this plant peptide at a concentration of 10−9M is also an effective morphogen of animals. At the same time, the specificity of the action of peptides on ‘unrelated’ biological targets has been found. The peptide CLV 3 stimulates on the morphogenesis of plant roots in concentrations up to 10−12M, while for planarian regeneration it acts only at concentrations up to 10−9M, at which it does not show a noticeable effect on root plant growth. When this peptide was applied to the of stem human stem cells Th culture, there was no effect observed. The results of the study confirm the thesis that there is a general biological level and peptide regulation mechanisms that are similar for animals and plants, and also reveal the nature of the specifics of the ‘direct’ and ‘cross’ action of this mechanism.

The asexual race of planaria Jirardia tigrina is a classic model for the study of morphogenesis because of their unique ability to regenerate after cutting, and physiological processes, for example, digestion by phagocytosis. We studied the relationship between induced morphogenetic processes in planarians with lucigenin-dependent ultra-weak photon emission (LD-UWPE), one of the forms of ”biophotons”, on a group of 30 planaria in 10 ml of water. LD-UWPE was increased 12 hours after feeding and returned to the control level after 72 hours. After cutting planaria into two or three parts, LD-UWPE significantly increased, then within 40 minutes 1 hour its intensity returned to its original values. After 6-8 hours, a noticeable UWPE wave was observed. The waves of LD-UWPE from the regenerating planaria were also observed few days after their cutting. Dynamics of regeneration of planaria after their cutting or feeding were determined by the method of intravital computer morphometry. A correlation was found between changes in the dynamics of LD-UWPE, which reflects the rate of formation of the superoxide anion radical in the system, with characteristic morphogenetic changes in the planarians. Our data indicate that the intensification of production (and self-elimination) of active forms of oxygen in the planaria, which ensures the ”pumping” of the biological system by the energy of electronic excitation () closely correlate with the processes of morphogenesis. We assume that the E can be used to realize the processes of morphogenesis in planarians.

It is shown for the first time using a complex of physicochemical methods (dynamic and electrophoretic light scattering, conductometry, pH-metry) that below a threshold concentration of 1.0•10 –7 mol L –1 the disperse phase of the aqueous systems based on moss peptide PpCLE2 undergoes the domain—nanoassociate rearrangement, which affects the nonmonotonic concentration dependences of the specific electrical conductivity and pH and can result in a multidirectional profile of the dependence of the growth of the primary and lateral roots of the Arabidopsis thaliana seed plant in the range of calculated concentrations from 1.0•10 –6 to 1.0•10 –12 mol L –1 .

A pilot study of the effect of the antioxidant drug ethylmethylhydroxypyridine malate on indicators of oxidative stress in patients with chronic cerebral ischemia. At 6 day course administration investigated the antioxidant in these patients significantly accelerates the process of generation of superoxide anion radical, established by lucigenin-depended chemiluminescence that probably regulate a feedback mechanism oxidase systems. This increases the activity of superoxide dismutase, and reduced the concentration of secondary peroxidation product - malondialdehyde, making reasonable use of antioxidants in the treatment of this pathology.

Hydrated fullerene (HyFnC60) is a highly hydrophilic supra-molecular complex consisting of unmodified С60 fullerene molecule enclosed into a hydrated shell. It has been shown in numerous experiments that aqueous solutions of HyFnC60 manifest a wide range of biological activities both in vivo and in vitro even at very low concentrations of HyFnC60. We used a spectrophotometric method and a method of biochemoluminescence to demonstrate that HyFnC60 in concentrations below 10(-9) M down to 10(-23) M stabilizes peroxidase, alkaline phosphatase, and bacterial luciferase against inactivation due to long-term incubation of the enzymes at room temperature and also against heat inactivation. In addition, HyFnC60 was able to "revive" heat inactivated enzymes. These effects cannot be explained by the direct action of the fullerene molecules upon the enzymes. We suggest that the effects of HyFnC60 on the enzymes are related to the ability of hydrated fullerene C60 molecules to organize thick aqueous shells around them. One of the specific properties of water phase in these shells is its ability to optimize redox reactions, which can support enzyme stability against factors deteriorating their structure.