苹果蠹蛾是我国重要的检疫性有害生物之一.本文介绍了北京市首次发现苹果蠹蛾的过程和苹果蠹蛾传入途径的分析,对苹果蠹蛾入侵北京农业区域的风险进行了评估,并提出防控措施,旨在提高北京地区对苹果蠹蛾的重视程度,并为监测和防控提供策略.

豚草传入我国已有80多年历史,现已遍布全国20多个省市.豚草花粉是气传致敏花粉,致敏性强,花粉量大,严重危害人体健康.本文综述了豚草花粉形态特征和豚草花粉监测现状,包括豚草花粉的监测技术、我国的豚草花粉监测结果以及影响豚草花粉监测的因素;总结了豚草花粉过敏人群在我国的分布,豚草花粉过敏原成分以及影响豚草花粉过敏症的因素,对豚草花粉监测和花粉过敏症的研究进行展望.

为明确橘小实蝇实验室种群早期蛹能否在北京越冬,于2017年冬季在北京市房山区、平谷区、顺义区的果园内开展试验.将在实验室适宜温、湿度条件下饲养并经低温驯化的橘小实蝇早期蛹掩埋于园内土壤中,并用养虫笼罩住.2018年4-10月,每2个月检查1次橘小实蝇蛹的羽化情况,未发现羽化现象,10月回收时发现蛹均变黑、僵化而死亡.因此,得出结论:橘小实蝇实验室种群早期蛹不能在北京地区果园土壤中越冬.

The impact of cover crop manipulation on reducing reliance upon insecticides to control Lyonetia clerkella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Lyonetiidae), a major insect pest on peach trees, was assessed in two-year field experiments in China. Studies were conducted in three peach orchards, each with four treatments. The treatments were lucerne cover crop (L), lucerne cover crop plus limited applications of chlorbenzuron on the trees (L+L), natural ground vegetation (NG), and natural ground vegetation plus conventional applications of chlorbenzuron (NG+C). Densities of L. clerkella and predators were assessed for all treatments. L. clerkella densities were significantly lower in the two insecticide treatments (L+L, NG+C) than densities in the two treatments without insecticide applied (L, NG) in both 2003 and 2004. Densities of L. clerkella in the L+L treatment were significantly lower than densities in the NG+C treatment. Annual abundance of L. clerkella was also significantly lower in the L treatment than in the NG treatment, indicating that Lucerne ground cover led to reduced L. clerkella abundance. Predator densities in both the ground vegetation and tree canopy were significantly higher in the two lucerne-sown treatments (L, L+L) than in the two natural ground vegetation treatments (NG, NG+C). We conclude that decreased L. clerkella abundance in the lucerne-sown treatments was mainly due to an increase in predator densities. Spiders were the dominant predators and Thomisidae (hunting spiders) was the most important family. The results indicate that maintaining lucerne ground cover can attract and propagate beneficial arthropods, which in turn may lead to decreased reliance on insecticides.

三裂叶豚草是危害生态环境和人类健康的恶性杂草.本研究探索了植物源壬酸水剂对野外自然生长的三裂叶豚草的防治效果,分别于6月下旬和8月上旬两个时期,利用5％和10％两个浓度的壬酸水剂对三裂叶豚草进行茎叶喷雾处理.结果表明,北京地区8月上旬为三裂叶豚草现蕾期,此时施药不再有新出苗的植株结籽,为防除三裂叶豚草的最适时期.采用10％壬酸水剂,有效成分用量8 000 g/667m2,喷液量80L/667m2进行喷雾防治,7d和28 d的株防效分别达到94.9％和91.2％,结籽三裂叶豚草仅4.6株/m2,比对照减少了93.11％,单株种子数量为261.78粒,比对照减少了83.73％,产生的种子少,防效较好.

The oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis Hendel (Diptera: Tephritidae), is a generalist feeder that is known to successfully feed and breed on a variety of fruits and vegetables in the tropical and subtropical zones of Asia. Recently, the northward extension of B. dorsalis has been reported, and this geographic range increase relates to both climate changes and the rapid development of domestic and international trade and travel. However, it has not been possible to determine the origin of this pest, which is trapped in north China. In this study, traps baited with the sex attractant methyl eugenol were used to collect B. dorsalis in Beijing, China. With these traps B. dorsalis populations were sampled at the same time in 5 different latitudes of China and used to determine the distribution of delta H-2 stable isotope values. The relationship between rainwater and the B. dorsalis delta H-2 stable isotope values at these sites was modelled, which then could be used to hypothesize the population origin of B. dorsalis trapped in Beijing, China. The results showed that d2H stable isotope values for B. dorsalis from Beijing were not consistent with that of the rainwater in Beijing, but rather were consistent with the results obtained from Fuzhou in southeast China. Bactrocera dorsalis trapped in Beijing was not a resident population, and may have come from South China. The fruit and vegetable trade may have vectored the fly northward in China. Our results also showed that delta H-2 stable isotope technology is a promising strategy for tracing the population origins of invasive fruit flies.

本文论述了天津市重大植物疫情沿海阻截带对植物疫情防控的重要性,通过建立植物疫情管理系统对检疫性有害生物进行有效管理.二者有机结合可帮助天津市评估重点监测区域和监测对象制定监测方案.此外,系统还提供疫情监测处置数据查询分析、疫情发生动态显示、检疫技术标准查询等协助疫情防控工作的功能.

Lots of moths were collected by light trap in the agricultural plant quarantine monitoring stations of Beijing from 2013 to 2014.Four new record species of China were found,of which three species belong to Noctuidae and one species to Crambidae,namely Athetis pallidipennis Sugi,Catocala puella Leech,Caradrina montana Bremer and Evergestis limbata Linnaeus,respectively.The discovery in Beijing adds new data for Chinese fauna research.

The occurrence of Hyphantria cunea (Drury) adults was investigated in 36 monitoring stations of Beijing from 2014 to 2016.The results indicate that the Hyphantria cunea (Drury) in Beijing has 3 generations one year.The maximum occurrences of the adult were from late April to early May,late June to early July,and late July to mid-August.The eastern and southern regions have bigger occuring amount of Hyphantria cunea (Drury) and the western and northern regions have little.These monitoring stations which could trap a large amount of Hyphantria cunea (Drury) adults have the characteristics of rich agricultural and forestry resources and convenient transportation,should be focused on and monitored emphatically.To achieve accurately control,we suggested that prevention strategies should be developed targeting to different population patterns of growth and decline as well as different distribution areas of Hyphantria cunea (Drury).

The specimens of moths were collected by light trap in the agricultural plant quarantine monitoring stations of Beijing each district from 2013 to 2014.After identification,134 species are newly recorded in Beijing,which belong to 113 genera in 11 families.Among them,4 species are reported for the first time in China,namely:Athetis pallidipennis Sugi,Caradrina montana Bremer,Catocala puella Leech,and Evergestis limbata (Linnaeus) of Crambidae.

为实现植物疫情的信息化、规范化管理,我们研发了植物疫情管理系统.该系统以时间逻辑为主线,联系植物疫情防控工作各主要环节为一体,进行有害生物风险分析、疫情监测与处置、数据查询与分析、疫情动态显示、检疫技术标准查询等.该系统分省、地(市)、县3个权限级别,除部分资料信息各级共享外,不同级别用户只可查阅下辖行政区域内的相关数据.在疫情监测和处置过程中,对基层用户生成数据催报提示,保证数据上报的及时性和完整性,以便上级用户随时掌握各地工作进展动态,调整决策下一步工作.目前,该系统已相继在京津冀三地上线运行,搭建了共用平台,实现了数据共享、信息互通,开创了京津冀植物疫情联防联控新局面.

本文结合北京市农业植物检疫工作实际,融合定性、定量有害生物风险评估方法,系统地开展了有害生物风险分析.在定性评估中,进行适生性、经济重要性等定性分析,明确我市具有较高传入风险的潜在检疫性有害生物52种(属);在定量评估中,首次提出以乡镇为基本单元,研究建立了基于乡(镇)、区(县)、全市的层级递进式有害生物风险评估方法,确定了风险值为3.0以上的高风险重点防控检疫性有害生物16种(属)及重点监测区域.并在此基础上提出了相应的风险管理对策.

北京市重大植物疫情管理系统为全国率先开发的植物疫情综合管理类系统之一,于2012年建设完成并上线运行.该系统针对目前北京市植物检疫管理工作中存在的问题,以植物疫情实际防控工作顺序为主线设计开发,实现了有害生物风险评估、疫情动态显示、数据填报查询、数据统计分析的有机统一,提高了北京市植物疫情管理的信息化、系统化、科学化水平.在充分利用现有功能的基础上,该系统将向着实现京、津、冀三地信息共享、资源共用的方向发展.

2012和2013年连续两年在野外对苍耳柄锈菌三裂叶豚草专化型的寄主专一性进行了评价.结果表明,供试的82种植物中,小麦和菜豆发生了锈病;野外三裂叶豚草锈病发生地周围的农作物和野生植物中,向日葵、反枝苋和大籽蒿3种植物发生锈病,但只有三裂叶豚草锈病的病原菌为苍耳柄锈菌三裂叶豚草专化型,说明苍耳柄锈菌三裂叶豚草专化型寄主专一性强,可用于三裂叶豚草的防控.

Based on data from systematic investigation of giant ragweed inoculated with Puccinia xanthii f. sp. ambrosiae-trifidae in field in Huairou area in 2011-2013, the occurrence regularity and biocontrol effect of giant ragweed rust were evaluated. The results indicated that giant ragweed rust was natural epidemic in Baoshan Temple area in Huairou. Giant ragweed rust occurred in early June. All the giant ragweed plants were almost infected in the middle of July and some infected plants were died. P.xanthii f. sp. ambrosiae-trifidae exhibits good control effect on growth, seed amount and seed weight of giant ragweed. The death rate of the infected giant ragweed plants was nearly 30% in the end of September and the death plants had no seed.

红火蚁是影响农业生产和人体健康的重大植物检疫性有害生物。在对北京市红火蚁传入风险进行评估的基础上,提出了预防和控制应对策略,以期为强化监测预警和检疫监管措施,防范植物疫情传入,最大限度地为降低危害风险提供科学依据,保护首都农牧业生产与人民身体健康。

本文从农业生产安全、农产品贸易和市场流通等环节分析了植物检疫对我国农业产业的影响,提出了植物检疫工作面临的新挑战,探讨了加强植物检疫工作的应对措施.

Aimed at the evaluation the traditional means-burning and burying in deep soil,soil and debris sampling successively,RNA exrtaction ,RT-PCR detection and mechanical inocultion were conducted after the official procedure.In this study,the result showed that CGMMV-RNA could be detected by RT-PCR and the relevant samples could not infect the susceptible plants

By using improved SDS method,high molecular weight DNAs were extracted from ethanol immersed Hyphantria cunea for RAPD.The factors influencing RAPD reactions were studied and optimized with orthogonal design.The results showed that the optimal conditions were as followed: 1.25 ng/μL of DNA,1.2 ng/μL of primers,0.2 mmol/L of dNTPs,3.0 mmol/L of Mg2+,2.5U of Taq DNA polymerase,2 μL 10×Buffer and 12.6 μL ddH2O in a total 20 μL RAPD reaction system.The optimized PCR program was: denaturing at 94 ℃ for 30 s,annealing at 38 ℃ for 60 s,extension at 72 ℃ for 60 s,for 35 cycles,followed by a final extension at 72 ℃ for 5 min.