Proper families of functions are a convenient apparatus for specification of large parametric classes of quasigroups and n-quasigroups. K. D. Tsaregorodtsev noticed that in the Boolean case a family is proper if and only if every mapping specified by the family or any of its subfamilies has a unique fixed point. We extend this result to the case of k-valued logics for k > 2. We also show that reencoding transformations used in the extended criterion enriched (in terms of composition) with consistent renumbering of variables and functions form the stabilizer of the set of all proper families of the given size.

The article deals with information security problems associated with neural networks. Malicious neural networks, attacks on neural networks, the use of neural networks as an information security tool, and neural network attack tools are considered. Methods for improving the information security of systems that include neural network components are proposed.

ФЕДЕРАЛЬНЫЙ ИССЛЕДОВАТЕЛЬСКИЙ ЦЕНТР ФУНДАМЕНТАЛЬНОЙ И ТРАНСЛЯЦИОННОЙ МЕДИЦИНЫ ФЕДЕРАЛЬНЫЙ ИССЛЕДОВАТЕЛЬСКИЙ ЦЕНТР «КРАСНОЯРСКИЙ НАУЧНЫЙ ЦЕНТР СИБИРСКОГО ОТДЕЛЕНИЯ РОССИЙСКОЙ АКАДЕМИИ НАУК» ИНСТИТУТ ВЫЧИСЛИТЕЛЬНОГО МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЯ СО

Finite quasigroups are a promising structure for realizing various cryptographic primitives. Table job quasigroup operation requires quadratic on the order of the quasigroup the amount of memory; as a consequence, when using quasigroups of large order, the problem of minimizing spatial complexity. One possible solution is to move from tabular assignment of an operation to a functional one. V.A. The bow was a construction based on proper families of functions and allowing one to define large parametric families of quasigroups big order. We have previously announced results on the power sets of quasigroups generated by a given regular family. It turned out that this power is completely determined by the power of the image correct family. In our work, we present a number of results on cardinalities of the image of regular families of Boolean functions.

The ubiquity of complex devices built on systems on chip (SoC) with multiple processor cores poses new challenges for developers of embedded systems. New development tools specifically designed for complex systems on chip can help solve them, but these tools are usually limited by the functionality of debugging support tools. High-quality debugging support with advanced features is necessary to take full advantage of complex SoC devices while reducing development time. The article discusses various mechanisms and ways to implement support for debugging systems on chip designed for complex real-time systems used, for example, in the Internet of Things (IoT) paradigm. This review includes an assessment of the available solutions and their suitability for use with the next generation of complex systems on chip with multiple processor cores. It is shown that many existing solutions do not allow developers to easily take advantage of complex functions integrated into the next-generation SoC. The basic debugging support functions for multicore SoCs are summarized and discussed. Recommendations are given for SoC develo­pers and for the future direction of research in this area in order to provide a more suitable basis for new development tools. Such tools are extremely necessary for all embedded hard real-time systems and are of high importance for minimizing the complexity of their development. Modern systems and devices implementing the Internet of Things paradigm are increasingly required to have sufficiently high real-time performance while maintaining low power consumption. These requirements lead to the cre­ation of multicore SoC solutions with support for a wide range of peripheral devices and communication protocols. The systems are limited by the requirements for working in harsh conditions, such as, for example, in the engine compart­ment of a car or on a radar tower. The development of embedded hard real-time systems, in which a task that fails to be completed on time can lead to physical damage of the device, is a complex process. Effective tools, such as interactive debuggers and profilers, are an integral part of solving these problems and are vital for developing reliable embedded systems. Modern technologies now allow the integration of the entire system on a single silicon chip, known as a system on a chip (SoC), which leads to the relocation of existing external interfaces, widely used for development purposes, to the chip. Traditionally, communication within an embedded system is carried out using an external processor system bus, which is implemented in the form of tracks on a printed circuit board. The printed circuit board must support the appropriate interfaces of development tools that require a physical connection, such as, for example, logic analyzers and oscilloscopes. Previously, placing exter­nal interfaces on a chip left fewer options for external analysis tools and, in fact, makes developers "blind" to the internal state of the SoC. Without a reliable and consistent representation of the state of the embedded system, the detection of defects or errors in the system may become difficult or even impossible. The main solution to the problem of the lack of external interfaces is to provide access to internal nodes from outside the system through existing interfaces. There are many different approaches to achieving the required visibility, and they are outlined in this review.

Proper families of functions are a convenient framework for specification of large parametric families of quasigroups and $$n$$ -quasigroups. We propose two methods for generation of proper families. The first method uses proper families of the order $$m$$ to construct proper families of the order $$m+1$$ . The second method allows generating uniform distribution on the set of all proper families of the given order.

This paper is devoted to the generation of multivariate quadratic quasigroups with the use of proper families of Boolean functions.

Efficient algorithms for checking some properties of n-quasigroups that are important from the cryptography point of view are described. These are the properties of polynomial completeness (which is equivalent to simplicity and nonaffinity) and the existence of n-subquasigroups. Estimates of the execution time of the proposed algorithms and their spatial complexity are derived, and results of numerical experiments for assessing the practical efficiency of their computer implementation are provided.

There are three main aspects of the information security: • confidentiality; • availability; • integrity. Nowadays ensuring the confidentiality has ceased to be the dominant requirement, but privacy as an element of confidentiality (or as an independent aspect) attracts, perhaps, the greatest attention both at the legislative (personal data protection) and at the technical (depersonalization of big data) levels. The Internet of Things has defined a new level of accessibility requirements. Network access has come to the fore, without it a (too) smart kettle will not boil water. (Attempts to block some Internet resources led to similar everyday problems.) The number of entities whose integrity needs to be ensured has grown. These are data flows, hardware configurations, logistics chains, and much more. Integrity began to be understood not only as security against unauthorized modification, but also as the quality of data, their completeness and validity. This was the reason for writing this article. In our opinion, there is no systematic presentation of modern approaches to ensuring integrity in the literature and therefore it would be appropriate. It makes no sense to rank the aspects of information security according to their importance, but we would like to emphasize the role of integrity. Integrity turns out to be the most important aspect of information security in those cases when information is a "guide to action" and serves to make decisions. The prescription of medicines, prescribed medical procedures, the set and characteristics of components, the course of the technological process — all these are examples of information, the violation of the integrity of which can literally be fatal. It is also unpleasant to distort official information, whether it is the text of the law or the page of the website of a government organization. Compromising the integrity of the electronic voting process casts doubt on the legitimacy of the authorities. Unauthorized influence on financial flows leads to material losses. Distortion of navigation data can lead to accidents. The article is an overview of modern approaches to ensuring integrity as an aspect of information security. An attempt is made to analyze the relevant models, policies and security mechanisms, as well as their application in different subject areas.

Despite the best efforts of programmers to create high-quality software, some errors inevitably escape even the most rigorous testing process and are first encountered by end users of the software. When this happens, developers need to quickly understand the reasons for the errors that occurred and eliminate them. Back in 1951, at the dawn of modern computing, Stanley Gill wrote that special attention should be paid to those errors that occur after the program is started, and lead to its termination. Gill is considered the founder of the so-called postmortem debugging, when a program or system is modified to record its state at the time of failure, so that the programmer can later understand what happened and why such a situation occurred. Since then, postmortem debugging technology has been used in many different systems, including all major general-purpose operating systems (OS), as well as specialized OS such as embedded systems and real-time systems. To ensure the high level of reliability expected from such critical systems, it is necessary, on the one hand, to implement the possibility of rapid recovery of the system or its part after a failure. On the other hand, it is necessary to provide a mechanism for storing as much information as possible after each failure, so that the cause of its occurrence can be determined later. To understand the real potential of postmortem debugging tools, we will first consider the current state of debugging methods and the role of postmortem analysis tools, as well as the requirements for postmortem debugging tools for critical systems. Next, we will describe the mechanism of postmortem debugging implemented by the authors in the RTOS Baget and formulate tasks for further development.

This paper is devoted to the problem of mapping parallel computations to distributed systems based on RapidIO communications. A distributed system is represented as a set of hosts with given levels of performance and a set of switches interconnected by links with known bandwidths. Parallel computation is specified as a number of processes that communicate by passing data streams. Each process requires certain performance and each data stream requires certain network bandwidth. It is necessary to map processes to hosts, as well as define routes for data streams and routing tables for switches, in such a way that the performance requirements of processes and bandwidth requirements of data streams are met. In general, this task is NP-complete. We propose an approach based on integer linear programming (ILP) methods that provides correct mapping of parallel computations to a distributed system and enables optimization of the map with respect to a number of parameters.

Internet of things technology is developing at an exceptionally fast pace. This applies to both industrial and consumer Internet. The "things" account for billions, and many areas of application have been formed. At the same time, the state of information security of the Internet of things is not satisfactory, and protective measures are clearly inferior to Commerce. This is especially dangerous because the Internet of things spans two worlds: digital and physical, and security breaches can cause both informational and physical damage. The Internet of things is developing rapidly, so it is natural that it experiences typical growth diseases-fragmentation and uneven development. The base for ensuring security is mostly formed (but continues to be formed), the question is how quickly there will be a harmonization of approaches, and advanced ideas will be accepted by device manufacturers. Many state and non-state agencies actively promote security tools, inform and train manufacturers and consumers. The article is an overview of the main provisions of information security of the Internet of things. An attempt is made to consider software and technical and legislative levels of Internet of things security. This makes it different from other publications of a similar nature. Only a holistic, integrated approach can improve real information security. Authors outline basic concepts and describe a reference model of Internet of things, draw attention to the peculiarities of the Internet of things that are important from the security point of view, enumerate typical threats for Internet of things. The legislative level of information security, security recommendations for the Internet of things, manufacturers description of usage, and installation of software corrections are considered in detail.

Ever increasing software security requirements, the growing size of software projects, and the desire to reduce the time of software development and release require tools for the dynamic analysis that would detect vulnerabilities in С and С++ programs and prevent their exploitation. Two types of dynamic analysis tools implemented in the gcc and clang compilers are considered; these tools are called sanitizers. The sanitizers of the first type can detect memory access bugs, data type mismatch bugs, and other vulnerabilities that often remain unnoticed under conventional testing. A combination of sanitizers with testing on automatically generated random data help detect vulnerabilities more effectively. The sanitizers of the other type serve for preventing security threats for programs executed in production mode. These tools have low overheads; and they are designed for maintaining the integrity of the program control flow. The use of sanitizers to a large extent compensates for some drawbacks of С and С++, such as unsecure memory operation, unsecure work with data types, and others. However, a number of issues that are briefly discussed in the last section remain unresolved.

В статье представлена реализация разделяемых библиотек для семейства операционных систем реального времени Багет 3.x (ОСРВ Багет 3.x). Рассматриваются методы обеспечения основных требований к разделяемым библиотекам. В частности, использование разделяемых библиотек не должно приводить к непредсказуемым задержкам во время выполнения приложений или к потере производительности, а также требовать значительной доработки ОСРВ Багет или изменений прикладного бинарного интерфейса. Приводится пример создания разделяемой библиотеки функций стандарта POSIX и ее использования в прикладной программе для семейства ОСРВ Багет 3.x. The paper presents implementation of shared libraries for the real time operating systems of the Baget 3.x family (RTOS Baget 3.x). Methods for provision of basic requirements to the shared libraries are discussed. Namely, use of shared libraries should not cause unpredictable delays during execution or performance degradation; it should not also require significant upgrade of RTOS Baget or any kind of ABI changes. An example of building a shared library of POSIX functions and its use in an application for RTOS Baget 3.x is presented

We propose a construction that allows generating large families of Latin squares, i.e., Cayley tables of finite quasigroups. This construction generalizes proper families of functions over Abelian groups introduced by Nosov and Pankratiev. We also show that all quasigroups generated by the original construction contain at least one subquasigroup, while the generalized construction generates quasigroups free of subquasigroups.

Статья содержит описание формата файлов core, используемых для посмертного (post-mortem) анализа процессов ОСРВ Багет, а также настройки и пример использования отладчика реального времени (ОРВ) для работы с этими файлами The article describes the core file format used for post-mortem analysis of RTOS Baget processes, as well as settings and an example of using a real-time debugger to work with these files.

Polynomial completeness of an operation guarantees that deciding solvability of equations over this operation is an NP-complete problem. Thus this property is beneficial from the viewpoint of cryptographic applications. We propose an algorithm for verification of polynomial completeness of quasigroups and analyse efficiency of its serial and parallel implementations.