This article addresses the major environmental challenges affecting forest landscapes in the Far Eastern Federal District, highlighting the need for forest reclamation on lands degraded by resource extraction and the development of plantation forests. It also outlines potential strategies for improving environmental conditions in the region. The study aims to demonstrate the necessity of rehabilitating forest lands impacted by accumulated waste from mineral processing, a result of past mining activities. This objective is pursued through forest reclamation using bioremediation techniques and the establishment of forest plantations to ensure environmental safety.

In the present work, we solved the problem of converting low-density polyethylene waste into a powder state as the first stage of involving plastic in the biogeochemical processes of its natural degradation. Acceleration of the fragmentation of polyethylene waste was ensured by adding 2D graphene structures (few-layer graphenes, FLGs), obtained by carbonization of precursors represented by natural materials (glucose, starch, cellulose, lignin, cedar bark, and Sosnowski’s hogweed biomass), to the polymer matrix. It was shown that polyethylene modification with few-layer graphenes leads to a sharp drop in elasticity of the resulting composites compared to the original polyethylene. At the same time, the strength of the composite under deformations acceptable for disposable polymer products remains at the level of the original polymer, which provides the necessary service life of products made from the proposed composites. The FLGs obtained by carbonization of lignin and cedar bark were suggested as optimal modifiers for obtaining polyethylene-based composites such that products thereof can be involved in microbial recycling.

The bark of coniferous trees was carbonized under the conditions of the high-temperature self-propagation synthesis process. It was shown by IR and Raman spectroscopy, X-ray crystallography, and electron microscopy that the carbonization product compares with the few-layer graphene, a 2D nanocarbon which a promising candidate for wide-scale application. Evidence was obtained in favor of the potential use of graphene nanoplates as a modifier for vulcanized butadiene-styrene rubbers. It was shown that modification increased such practically important parameters of vulcanized rubbers as tear and multiple tensile resistance by 35 and 237%, respectively.

2D nanocarbons were obtained using technologies for processing renewable raw materials. The produced materials were proposed for use in solving the problem of modern material science such as the creation of epoxy resin-based composite materials with improved strength characteristics. The proposed technologies can be integrated into the technological chains of the timber industry complex for the purpose of disposal of the waste generated during its operation.

The article presents the study's results of the problem of developing theoretical foundations for assessing the impact of tin ore processing wastes stored in the Vysokogorskoye tailing dump (Primorsky Territory). The object of the study was the natural mining industrial systems of the Kavalerovsky tin ore region of the Primorsky Territory of the Far Eastern Federal District (FEFD). Based on comprehensive studies of the surface of the tailing dump, an assessment of the scale of environmental damage accumulated in the last century by the closed Khrustalnensky MPP is presented. The peculiarities of the migration of pollutants in environmental objects are studied, and the regularities of their anthropogenic pollution are revealed. A new method of rehabilitating the surface of a tailing dump containing toxic waste using the potential of biological systems has been proposed.

The article discusses the long-term results of the study concerning the problem of substantiation of biological methods for restoring the protective functions of forest areas contaminated with toxic solid waste from the mining industry for the creation of forest plantations. The object of research was a technogenic system, including waste, technology, recultivated and non-recultivated forest areas within the boundaries of the Amur-Primorsky coniferous-broadleaf forest region of the Far Eastern Federal District of Russia. A comprehensive geoecological assessment of the impact of waste within the boundaries of non-recultivated sites on the environment and human health using various methods, namely, using mathematical apparatus and GIS technologies, made it possible to assess the ecological state of the studied area as critical and catastrophic. Biological methods have been developed to restore the protective functions of technogenically polluted forest areas with the use of microorganisms and humic preparations for the rehabilitation of areas disturbed by tin mining. The novelty of the proposed methods is confirmed by Patents of the Russian Federation. For 30 years, the technogenic landscape has been developing soils according to soil-ecological functions as close as possible to the background soils. In the same direction, the formation of not only embryozems, but also the formation of a complex plant community and the restoration of the protective functions of forest areas were found, which indicates the possibility of using recultivated areas to create forest plantations.

The mechanism of detonation synthesis of nanocarbons was successfully applied to obtaining 2D graphene structures. To this end, rejecting the composite explosive and switching to pure trinitrotoluene for optimizing the energy efficiency of the detonation synthesis was suggested. The validity of the proposed phenomenological model was confirmed by experimental data. Using a set of complementary research methods (electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering), a good agreement was demonstrated between the morphometric parameters of the synthesized powder particles and those characteristic of 2D graphene structures, graphene nanoplates (GNP). The obtained results allowed a conclusion that the proposed method offers a much more eco-friendly solution to the problem of disposal of expired ammunition compared to existing methods.

The article presents the results of many years of research on the problem of dust suppression on the surface of tailings dumps containing toxic waste from ore processing, which pose a great threat to the environment. Modern domestic and foreign technologies for fixing dusty surfaces are analyzed. The state of tailings of mining enterprises was studied. Technological solutions for improving the technology of their surface reclamation are substantiated. Effective methods of dust suppression using bioremediation have been proposed on the basis of patent search and experimental studies; the novelty of these methods has been confirmed by RF patents.

Модификация поверхности кристаллов энергетических материалов (ЭМ) наноуглеродными добавками представляет собой эффективный путь целенаправленного повышения их восприимчивости к электромагнитному излучению. В качестве ЭМ для последующей модификации был использован комплексный перхлорат кобальта (III) – перхлорат пентааммин(5-нитротетразолато-N2) кобальта (III) (NCP). Наноуглеродной добавкой служили многослойные (2-5 слоев) 2D графеновые листы (GnS), содержащие терминальные гидроксильные группы. Источником когерентного излучения являлся лазерный диод (ЛД) с длиной волны 976 нм. Излучение от ЛД передавали на мишень через оптическое волокно. Было приготовлено и испытано 2 серии образцов: пиротехническая смесь, содержащая 97% NCP и 3% GnS, и комплекс NCP. Отдельными опытами было найдено, что при смешении комплекса NCP и графена GnS в ультразвуковом поле происходит взаимодействие между компонентами смеси. Эксперименты с ЛД показали, что пиротехническая смесь NCP с GnS имеет порог восприимчивости к лучу лазерного диода примерно 200 раз ниже, чем комплекс NCP той же дисперсности. Высказана гипотеза, не противоречащая полученным экспериментальным данным, что инициирование пиротехнического состава NCP/GnS происходит вследствие возникновения фототока в графеновой добавке под воздействием когерентного лазерного излучения (явление фотовольтаики). Проведены испытания пиротехнического состава NCP/ GnS 97/3% в макете лазерного капсюля-детонатора с положительными результатами. Результаты работы могут служить основой для разработки безопасных, надежных и экологичных лазерных детонаторов для применения в горнодобывающей, нефтегазовой промышленности и других отраслях народного хозяйства.

The possibility of carbonization of the biomass of Sosnowski hogweed under the conditions of self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) was explored. It was found that carbonization of the hogweed biomass samples taken in the flowering and dead stem phases gave 30‒40% carbonized product. The yield of the carbonized product from the hogweed biomass sample taken in the early vegetative phase (before flowering) did not exceed 2%. Such a low yield may be due to the features of the formation of the nanocarbon precursor in the process of plant development. Analysis by several complementary techniques (Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction) showed that, in terms of their morphometric parameters, the carbonized product particles correspond to 2D nanocarbon, specifically to graphene nanoplatelets.

The paper considers the problems of utilizing forest resources and proposes a way to close the resource loop in the forest industry via processing forestry waste into carbon nanomaterials, which can be further used as a basis for biological preparations stimulating forest restoration.

The results of quantum chemical calculations for isolated molecules of pentaammine-(5-cyano-2H-tetrazolato-N2)cobalt(III) perchlorate, pentaammine-(5-nitrotetrazolato-N2)cobalt(III) perchlorate, tetraammine-cis-bis(5-nitro-2H-tetrazolato-N2)cobalt(III) perchlorate, and tetraammine-cis-bis(1-methyl-5-aminotetrazolo-N3,N4)cobalt(III) perchlorate, as well as of the products of their possible initial decomposition stage were presented. The energetics and pathways of such reactions were determined. For the first time with the use of quantum chemical calculations it was shown that the decomposition of cobalt amminates can start with destruction of the tetrazole ligand and elimination of molecular nitrogen, rather than with dissociation of the coordinated ammonia molecule from the inner sphere of the cobalt(III) complex. The activation and dissociation energies of these processes were determined.

A new method for graphene preparation by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis process was proposed. The effect of the resulting material on various microorganisms and the process of graphene nanoparticles conjugation with microbial cells were discussed.

Initiation of energetic compounds by optical radiation is considered. In comparison to the traditional initiation ways, optical initiation is safe and environmentally benign.

Detonation nanodiamonds (DND) are shown to exhibit antioxidant activity both in vitro and in vivo. DNDs, when introduced into laboratory animals by oral delivery, decrease protein peroxidation in erythrocytes, inhibit peroxidation of lipids and proteins in blood plasma. In case a pro-oxidant, NaNO2, is administered to animals, DND also protects them against the chemically induced oxidative stress. The results of the testing provide the experimental basis for recommending DND as a potential antioxidant for correcting oxidative damage of different origin.

Pyrolysis of the complex (ato-N2)pentaammincobalt(III) perchlorate and the ligand 5-nitrotetrazole, and also of the initial complex aquapentaammincobalt(III) perchlorate was studied by the mass spectroscopy method. The leading oxidizer of ligands in the complexes is changed for the outer-sphere perchlorate ion at the pyrolysis temperature of ~250°C.

On the way to solving the problem of developing an ecofriendly technology for preparing hydrophobic protective coatings to replace the existing technology involving casting from polymer solutions in toxic organic solvents, amphiphilic organosilicon oligomers, promising emulsifiers for preparing aqueous emulsions of organosilicon polymers, were synthesized. The synthesized oligomers were used to obtain stable aqueous emulsions of a film-forming silicone block copolymer. The resulting emulsions can be used to form hydrophobic protective coatings on the surface of construction materials. It was shown that the contact angle of wetting depends on the specific features of the preparation of the emulsion and reaches a maximum of 134°.

The self-propagating high-temperature synthesis method has been used for technical lignin utilization after long-term storage under atmosphere conditions. For the first time a new allotropic form of carbon, carbonized lignin, has been obtained and analyzed. It has been shown that, in terms of its parameters (dispersity, surface groups), the carbonized lignin is a suitable alternative to conventional brands of technical carbon in resin compounds.

"Green" laboratory procedures have been developed for the synthesis and purification of 5-nitrotetrazole sodium salt, a key precursor of promising energetic compounds. The procedures can be safely scaled up.