Uterine lipoleiomyoma is one of the variants of uterine leiomyoma, which is histologically represented by the presence of mature fat and smooth muscle cells. The relevance of the coverage of this clinical case is determined by the extreme rarity of the development of uterine lipoleiomyoma in women of reproductive age. The purpose of this work was to record this clinical case in the world statistics of lipoleiomyoma, to evaluate methods of diagnosis and differential diagnosis, to determine the role of early diagnosis of uterine lipoleioma in the subsequent tactics and scope of surgical treatment. Data from the medical records of a 41-year-old inpatient were analyzed. In addition to the generally accepted clinical and biochemical methods of blood and urine examination, electrocardiogram, ultrasound examination of the pelvic organs, the level of ovarian tumor markers in the blood (CA 125, HE4 and the ROMA index) was determined. The diagnosis of the disease was based on the data of pathohistological and immunohistochemical studies. Based on the results of a review of the medical literature, analysis of articles obtained as a result of a search of PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science, MedScape databases, the current state of the problem is highlighted, literary data related to the incidence, features of the clinical course, diagnosis and treatment of uterine lipoleiomyoma are summarized. The clinical case presented in the article demonstrates an incidental finding of a uterine lipoleiomyoma in a woman of reproductive age, measuring 30x25x20 cm, originated subserously from the body and cervix of the uterus, in the area of its isthmus. Under this condition, it occupied the entire Douglas space, the area of the sacro-uterine ligaments and the parietal peritoneum, intimately adjacent to the sigmoid and rectum, to the ureters and iliac vessels. The peculiarity of this clinical case is that sonographically uterine lipoleiomyoma was hidden under the "mask" of a dermoid cyst of the right ovary. Macroscopically, it differed from a typical lipoleiomyoma by the purple-bluish color of its outer surface and soot-colored, fine-lobed spongy structure on the section. The diagnosis of uterine lipoleiomyoma was verified only on the basis of pathohistological and immuno­histochemical research. Microscopically, the lipoleiomyoma had a mesenchymal structure with a pronounced vascular component and consisted of mitotically inactive bundles of smooth muscle cells and mature adipocytes. Im­munohistochemically, a positive reaction for caldesmon, desmin, smooth muscle actin alpha of tumor cells and for S.100 (DAKO, polyclonal) fatty cells was detected, which confirmed the hypothesis of direct transformation of smooth muscle cells existing in the leiomyoma of the uterus into fatty cells. This clinical case should complement the global statistical indicators of diagnosis of uterine lipoleiomyoma in women of reproductive age. Lipoleiomyoma should be considered as the primary diagnosis in case of detection of a large uterine tumor in women with excess body weight and be removed immediately after diagnosis, otherwise it is impossible to exclude its malignancy. For the planned diagnosis of neoplasms of the female genital organs, preference should be given to non-invasive research methods: magnetic resonance or computer tomography with contrast enhancement. The problem of these tumors lies in their unpredictable histogenesis, the unexpected presence of fat in the microscopic structure, and in the visual similarity to sarcomas. Verification of the diagnosis is carried out on the basis of pathohistological and immunohistochemical studies of the tumor preparation. Uterine lipoleioma can have a purplie-bluish color and develop by a broad base from the body and cervix of the uterus, as a result of "lipomatous" metaplasia of the uterine leiomyoma existing in a woman. Regular preventive examinations of women of all ages are crucial for timely detection of this rare neoplasm.

Implementing the latest technologies and programs aimed at helping the mother and the newborn contributed to the development of both perinatal and preventive obstetrics. The role of preventive obstetrics is aimed at predicting and preventing, if necessary, perinatal consequences. The World Health Organization has developed guidelines for effective perinatal care: evidencebased, demedicalized, technology -based, multidisciplinary, family -centered, and regionalized. In Ukraine, as in the world, among the causes of perinatal mortality, the death of premature children with meagre body weight (up to 70 %) and congenital malformations and anomalies (22-24 %) prevails. Perinatal obstetrics involves the development of a network of perinatal centres and hospitals according to the degree of development, as well as the reorganization and development of neonatal services. There should be provision of intensive therapy, the possibility of raising premature babies, and the availability of highly qualified specialists. Thus, the preventive direction of perinatal obstetrics should be based on deep knowledge of the basics of classical obstetrics during the physiological course of pregnancy and childbirth; limited (prohibitions), aggressive obstetrics with hyperpolarization of obstetric activity, which, as a rule, is based on a misunderstanding (ignorance) of perinatal obstetrics. "Management" of pregnancy and childbirth in case of risk (presence) of diagnosed fetal morbidity, manifestations of intrauterine infection, autoimmune pathology, and pathology of the placental complex in the presence of modern technologies that ensure the development of the newborn.

Background. Red bone marrow (RBM) is the main organ of human haemopoiesis. Monocytopoiesis plays an important role in the formation of transitional states: from normal to pathology and in the transformation of pathological processes from one stage to another. In modern urological practice, the substance triptorelin is widely used for androgen deprivation therapy, according to the recommendations of the European Association of Urology. Ki67, a commercially available monoclonal antibody that reacts with a nuclear antigen detected only in proliferating cells, is used to assess immunohistochemical changes. CD68 is a valuable cytochemical marker for immunostaining of monocytes/macrophages during histochemical analysis of tissues in inflammation, cancer and other immunohistopathological purposes. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the proliferative activity and differentiation of progenitor cells through the expression of Ki67 and CD68+ monocyte sprouting of RBM under chemical castration of central origin in male rats caused by the administration of triptorelin solution with quercetin addition to the diet for one year. Materials and methods. The study was conducted on 60 adult male white rats. They were divided into 3 groups: group I — control (n = 10), group II (n = 25) — subcutaneous injection of triptorelin, group III (n = 25) — subcutaneous injection of triptorelin acetate and quercetin. Immunohistochemical analysis of biopsy specimens was conducted following a standard protocol at the Department of Pathological Anatomy in Sumy State University, under the supervision of the Head of the Department, Prof. Romaniuk A.M. Results. The study evaluated Ki67 expression on microsections of rat red bone marrow through immunohistochemistry, which exclusively reacted with nuclear antigen in the monocyte sprout’s proliferating cells. Irregular changes were revealed depending on the experimental groups and time periods. Immunohistochemical analysis of RBM tissue using anti-CD68 antibodies in the experimental groups revealed a strong positive cytoplasmic response in monocytes and resident macrophages located in the monocyte sprout and surrounding environment. The data of the two experimental groups of RBM had a noticeable proliferating compartment, as evidenced by the high content of mitotically active DNA in them. These data correspond to the results obtained in the experiment with triptorelin, where we found a marked positivity of Ki67, depending on the timing of the experiment and the addition of the flavonoid quercetin. This discrepancy suggests that bone marrow cells that grow and proliferate under normal conditions are guided by natural control mechanisms and may lose their Ki67 expression after leaving the progenitor compartment and entering the differentiation compartment. Conclusions. Triptorelin administration induces hormonal imbalance in the hypothalamus-pituitary-testis-RBM system, resulting in quantitative and qualitative alterations in the cells of the RBM monocytic lineage. The level of cell proliferation, as measured by Ki67, is highest during the third month of observation. Cytoplasmic expression of CD68 is evident in two experimental groups from the third to the sixth month, suggesting activation of immunoreactive cells as they migrate from the progenitor compartment to the differentiation compartment.

The paper was aimed at deter­mination of the quantitative activity of iNOS and Arg1, as well as M1 and M2 phenotype macrophages in women with endometrioid disease to establish their role in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. A prospective study was performed in gynecological units of the medical facilities of Poltava city. 140 women of reproductive age who made up the main group (110 women with endometrioid disease) and the control group (30 women without endometrioid disease) voluntarily participated in the study. All women underwent planned surgical treatment for existing gynecological pathology. Before surgical treatment, women were examined in accordance with the current Orders of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine. The spectrophotometric method was used to determine the enzymatic markers of macrophages (in the endometrium and peritoneal fluid) polarized into M1(iNOS) and M2 (Arg1) phenotypes. The type of macrophages was determined individually in each patient according to the ratios: in iNOS>Arg1, the M1 macrophage type prevailed; in Arg1>iNOS, the M2 macrophage type prevailed. When examining endometrial samplings in women from the main group, the iNOS indicator was by 1.4 times higher compared to women from the control group. The obtained results at the stage of entry into the abdominal cavity showed that mostly women from the main group suffered from the pelvic adhesion, especially stage 3 and stage 4. Among the obtained results, the increased quantitative activity in the peritoneal fluid of both iNOS and Arg1 in women of the main group was significant compared to the control group. When comparing the stages of endometrioid disease to the rates of quantitative activity of macrophage enzyme markers (in peritoneal fluid), it was found that the increase in the stage of the disease (from stage 3 to stage 4) caused an increase in the quantitative activity of Arg1 by 1.9 times and a decrease in the quantitative activity of iNOS by 2.9 times. Therefore, the planning of surgical intervention for women with endometrioid disease should consider a significant percentage of the pelvic adhesive disease, especially at the severe stages. Initiation of the chronic aseptic inflammatory process in endometrioid disease is caused by an increased quantitative activity of iNOS in the endometrium. In the pathogenesis of endometrioid disease, the presence of M2 phenotype macrophages in the peritoneal fluid is important, while the switching of macrophage phenotypes from a pro-inflammatory subpopulation to an anti-inflammatory one is crucial.

Aim. The objective of this study was to identify and analyze the climatic signal contained in the tree-rings of common oak on the southeastern border of its range in Russia (Ural River basin).Material and Methods. The materials for the study were tree-rings in samples of common oak wood from three sites in the southern part of the Dziau-tyube ridge. Measurements of ring-width were performed on the MBS binocular microscope and on the Lintab measuring complex with the TSAP-WinTM software package. The construction of tree-ring chronologies was carried out in the ARSTAN program. Dendroclimatic analysis was carried out in the R package treeclim.Results. The limiting climatic factors for the radial growth of the common oak on the southeastern border of its range are precipitation during the winter-spring season and the initial period of vegetation and to the greatest extent with the precipitation in March-May. It was shown that the strength of this climatic signal in oak tree rings was not constant over time. The dynamics of this signal are characterized by the presence of local periods of decline, the beginning of which is timed to the years of mass gypsy moth outbreaks.Conclusions. Since the beginning of the 1980s, there has been a significant decrease in the relationship of radial growth with the amount of precipitation for March-May. The reason for this change, in our opinion, could be a strong change in the condition of trees and stands caused by the consistent impact of strong oak defoliation caused by Gypsy moths and late spring frosts.

Connection of the publication with planned research works.The work is a fragment of SRW "Pathogenetic role of endothelial dysfunction and genetic features in pathology during pregnancy and gynecological diseases", state registration number 0117U005253. Introduction.Complex chemical, physical and biological properties of an amniotic fluid determine the nature of the external environment and hemostasis of the fetus.At certain stages of development, amniotic fluid participates in the fetus's nutrition, contributing to the development of the respiratory tract, the function of the kidneys and the skin of the fetus.At the same time, the exchange rate of amniotic fluid is important, in the process of which there is an influx of substances necessary for the development of the fetus and the removal of metabolic products that are subject to removal [1,2].Amnion and smooth chorion have morpho-functional signs of active participation in metabolism and creation of conditions for the development of pregnancy.The vascular network and biochemical processes in the decidual membrane also play a significant role in metabolism.In addition, membranes play a major role in the placental exchange between mother and fetus along with transplants.Placental metabolism is primarily determined by the structure of the fetal membranes and

The analysis and forecasting of the course of restoration successions on abandoned agricultural lands of the Bashkir Cis-Urals are presented. It was shown that the consequences of the complex influence of various economic uses of arable land after the cessation of plowing remain for a long time in the successional series. This maintains the differences between the communities of each fallow and is the reason for the high phytocoenotic diversity. Subsequently, strong shading as a result of active reforestation leads to a decrease in species richness, leveling of floristic differences between fallow communities and convergence of phytocenoses. The rate of succession and the dynamics of the floristic composition of communities are the highest in the first 12–15 years after the withdrawal of land from agricultural use before the onset of the formation of long-derived phytocenoses with a dense tree canopy. It is predicted that succession on the fallows will be influenced by the forest vegetation directly in contact with the fallows after the formation of a dense forest stand. However, the final formation of the floristic composition of the lower layers may take more than 100–150 years.

Prostate cancer is the most common cancer diagnosis among men, with more than 160,000 new cases each year in the United States. Huggins and Hodges demonstrated the therapeutic effect of testosterone deficiency in the gonads in the 1940s and thus confirmed the concept that prostate cancer is an androgen-dependent disease. Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is the main palliative treatment for men with locally advanced and metastatic prostate cancer, with the goal of reducing testosterone levels to the level obtained by surgical castration. The long-term chemical castration with triptorelin acetate leads to quantitative and qualitative changes in monocytic sprout cells at all levels of differentiation and proliferation with a complementary reaction of microenvironmental cells. The maximum quantitative changes in monocyte cells were observed at the 3rd month of the study, followed by a gradual recovery to the control group. Changes in the microenvironment cells: macrophages and reticular cells, were characterized by a stable reaction in the early stages of the study in the form of a decrease in the number and ratio of NSCs, with subsequent recovery of quantitative and qualitative changes to the level of the control group of animals. The adipocyte reacts at all stages of the study with a steady increase in quantitative and qualitative characteristics.

Laparoscopic gynecology has been used worldwide over the last few decades. Many surgical interventions previously performed laparotomically use minimally invasive laparoscopic techniques. Gynecological diseases often occur with other pathologies of internal organs that require surgical treatment. Simultaneous interventions have numerical advantages compared to traditional methods of surgical treatment. As a result of the analyzed clinical data of the conducted research, it can be stated that the simultaneous operations performed to solve gynecological and general surgical pathologies had a course similar to traditional surgical interventions. No cases of development of complications or adverse events were recorded. All patients received the maximum possible amount of treatment with the elimination of more pathological processes, which significantly improved their of life.

КЛІНІЧНА ТА ЕКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНА МЕДИЦИНА / CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINEwas fixed in 10% neutral formalin, and after wiring, the tissue was transferred to paraffin.Histological preparations were prepared.The slides were stained with hematoxylin-eosin and Van Gieson's stain.Results of the study.Microscopic examination of the extraplacental tissues of the afterbirth, which are represented by three membranes -amniotic, chorionic and intimate adjacent decidual, in case of premature amniotic fluid discharge is characterized by heterogeneity of structure.Thus, in contrast to the membranes in case of timely amniotic fluid discharge, in case of premature rupture of the membranes at their edge, there is a pronounced swelling of all elements of the membranes.Destruction of epithelial cells and their degenerative changes were observed in the amnion.There was no clear boundary between the amnion and the smooth chorion.In many preparations, with premature amniotic fluid discharge and an increase in the anhydrous interval of more than 8 hours, dystrophic changes in the epithelium, expressed transformations into a continuous cuticular cluster, were noted.In case of premature amniotic fluid discharge, focal, and less often diffuse infiltration with segmented leukocytes was detected in the membranes.It was detected in the decidual layer of the periepithelial membranes during a prolonged waterless period of more than 6-8 hours.Thus, a prolonged waterless period is not always accompanied by leukocyte infiltration of the parietal membranes.However, with an increase in the water-free interval of more than 6 hours, the first manifestations of parietal deciduitis may appear, and after 8 hours -chorioamnionitis.These data are consistent with the results of our simultaneous bacteriological studies.Conclusions.The detected changes in the amnion and chorion, with a minimal anhydrous interval, are characterized by destruction of epithelial cells, degenerative changes, lack of a clear boundary between the amnion and chorion, changes in the intercellular space, swelling.

In Bashkir Cis-Urals (Republic of Bashkortostan, Southern Urals region) more than 350 anthropogenically modified peatlands with a total area of over 47000 hectares have been identified. Most of these peatlands were drained. The peat extraction was most actively carried out in the forest-steppe areas in the first half of the 20th century. About 12000 hectares of these peatlands are used as hayfields, more than 7000 hectares – as pastures, the small areas are used for arable land. A significant part of the drained peatland areas are abandoned, and the systems of their drainage channels are not fully functional.

More than 40 million hectares of agricultural land were abandoned after the collapse of the Soviet Union. A significant part of the land is covered by spontaneously regenerating woody and shrubby vegetation. When identifying the forest regeneration, the stands with a tree cover of more than 50% are accurately identified. It is difficult to identify the initial stages of forest regeneration on the abandoned agricultural lands using summer satellite images because of little difference between the young trees and saplings due to their low height and low density on the one hand, and herbaceous vegetation on the other. The purpose of this work was to apply winter and early-spring satellite images for assessments of the tree cover of birch-dominated stands (Betula pen-dula Roth.) formed on the abandoned agricultural lands (See Fig. 1). We used 189 releves of birch forests on the abandoned agricultural lands in the broad-leaved forest zone of the Republic of Bashkortostan. A regression analysis of the evaluation of the tree cover was carried out using the values of the spectral reflectance of the RED, NIR, SWIR11, and SWIR12 bands, as well as the values of the NDFSI snow index from seven cloudless Sentinel-2 images taken between 04.11.2020 and 13.05.2021 (See Fig. 2, 3). When selecting optimal regression models, the values of correlation coefficients (R) and determination coefficients (R2) were used to assess the model quality. To test the possibility of using the obtained models for assessing the tree cover of the stand at earlier succession stages, we involved the data on the tree cover from 36 geobotanical releves, where the crown density of the stand was visually evaluated in July 2013. Then, the described procedure was applied to calculate the tree cover using the Landsat-8 image taken on 25.03.2014. When creating regression models to calculate the tree cover, the best results were obtained using the red band of early spring images during the period when snowpack is still solid (from mid-March to the first half of April) (See Table 1). The correlation between the tree cover and the spectral reflectance of the red band was -0.90. The model allowed us to determine accurately the tree cover of birch forests aged from 18 to 20 years which prevail in the zone of broad-leaved forests in the Republic of Bashkortostan. The accuracy of the model for determining the tree cover according to the obtained regression models for other dates is unstable and highly likely influenced by the snow depth and the seasonal dynamics of changes in the radiation intensity of the red and infrared bands (See Table 2, 3). To conclude, the equations calculated from modern satellite images can be used to assess the tree cover using retrospective images at earlier succession stages of the abandoned field recovery. When using early-spring images, the snow depth should be taken into account since the snowpack melting dates can vary greatly from year to year. The paper contains 3 Figures, 3 Tables, and 41 References. The Authors declare no conflict of interest.

A geographic information system of anthropogenically modified peatlands of the Bashkir Cis-Urals including 351 sites was created. In the past, the peat extraction has been carried out on 47% of these sites. Currently, only about 50 % of anthropogenically modified peatlands are being used economically, mainly as hayfields and pastures. Totally, more than 17000 hectares of fully or partially drained peatlands, which were not determined in the current state cadastral accounting as lands being drained, have been revealed.

Classification of dark coniferous forests of the Eastern part of Europe, Southern Urals and Western Siberia was performed using data set of 55 low-rank syntaxa (association, subassociation and variant), results of cluster analysis (Ward method, Euclidian distance) and DCA ordination (Fig. 1, 2). The synoptic table of dark coniferous forests syntaxa (Table) was developed and clarification of their diagnostic features was made. In accordance with the “Vegetation of Europe ….” (Mucina et al., 2016), the entire diversity of the higher units of the dark coniferous forests was classified into two classes, two orders and eight alliances. At the highest hierarchical level, two classes were clearly distinguished — the Asaro europaei–Abietetea sibiricae Ermakov et al. in Willner et al. 2016 and Vaccinio-Piceetea Br.-Bl. in Br. Bl. et al. 1939. The class Asaro europaei–Abietetea sibiricae includes subnemoral dark coniferous forests occurring in southern part of forest zone in the Southern Urals and Western Siberia. These forests combine some important features of boreal and nemoral vegetation in the phytocoenotic structure (physiognomy) and floristic composition. Therefore, the diagnosis of the class Asaro europaei–Abietetea sibiricae is based on a combination of the following criteria. 1. The absolute predominance of cold-resistant boreal tree species (Picea obovata, Pinus sibirica, Abies sibirica) in the higher layer makes it impossible to assign them to the higher units of nemoral vegetation and fundamentally distinguishes them from the class Carpino–Fagetea sylvaticae Jakucs ex Passarge 1968. 2. The high constancy values of widespread Eurasian shade-tolerant species associated dominantly with dark coniferous forests: Dryopteris expansa, D. carthusiana, D. assimilis, D. dilatata, Phegopteris connectilis, Diplazium sibiricum, Gymnocarpium dryopteris, G. robertianum, Athyrium filix-femina, Oxalis acetosella, widespread European-Siberian nemoral species: Daphne mezereum, Dryopteris filix-mas, Viburnum opulus, Stachys sylvatica, Galium odoratum, Geranium robertianum, Festuca altissima, Asarum europaeum, Actaea spicata, Brachypodium sylvaticum, Aegopodium podagraria, Viola mirabilis, Sanicula europaea, Festuca gigantea, as well as nemoral species with narrower ranges located in southern Siberia: Osmorhiza aristata, Anemonoides altaica, Corydalis bracteata, Erythronium sibiricum, Anemonoides caerulea, Myosotis krylovii, Euphorbia Pilosa and European species with eastern boundaries of ranges running in the southern Urals: Ulmus glabra, Pulmonaria obscura, Polygonatum multiflorum, Cicerbita uralensis, Geum urbanum, Carex pilosa, Euonymus verrucose. All these species were included in diagnostic combination of the Asaro europaei–Abietetea sibiricae. 4. Absence or rare occurrence of typical boreal species (characteristic of the class Vaccinio-Piceetea) in the shrub and ground layers. Currently, the class Asaro europaei–Abietetea sibiricae is represented by one order Abietetalia sibiricae Ermakov 2006, since the analysis of the possibility of including the Central European sub-nemoral dark coniferous forests of the order Athyrio–Piceetalia abietis, close to them dark coniferous forests of Eastern Europe and Euxinian forests of the Abieti nordmannianae–Piceetalia orientalis Coban et Willner 2019 has not yet been analyzed. Synopsis of the Asaro europaei–Abietetea sibiricae. Cl. Asaro europaei–Abietetea sibiricae Ermakov, Mucina et Zhitlukhina in Willner et al. 2016. Ord. Abietetalia sibiricae Ermakov 2006. All. Milio–Abietion sibiricae Zhitlukhina ex Ermakov et al. 2000. Suball. Cruciato krylovii–Abietenion sibiricae Ermakov in Ermakov et al. 2000. Ass. Asaro europaei–Abietetum sibiricae Zhitlukhina ex Ermakov et al. 2000. Ass. Violo biflorae–Abietetum sibiricae Ermakov 2000. Ass. Violo uniflorae–Abietetum sibiricae Ermakov 2000. Ass. Anemonoido baicalensis–Abietetum sibiricae Ermakov et Stepanov in Ermakov 1995. Suball. Milio effusi–Abietenion sibiricae Ermakov in Ermakov et al. 2000. Ass. Cacalio hastatae–Abietetum sibiricae Ermakov 2000. Ass. Geranio robertiani–Tilietum sibiricae Ermakov et Maskayev in Ermakov 1995. Ass. Saussureo latifoliae–Abietetum sibiricae Ermakov 2013. Ass. Filipendulo ulmariae–Abietetum sibiricae Lashchinskiy 2009. All. Filipendulo ulmariae–Populion tremulae Ermakov in Ermakov et al. 2000. Ass. Dactylido glomeratae–Abietetum sibiricae Ermakov in Ermakov et al. 2000. Subass. D. g.–A. s. vicietosum sylvaticae Lashchinskiy 2009. Ass. Festuco giganteae–Populetum tremulae Ermakov 2000. Ass. Geranio sylvatici–Populetum tremulae Ermakov 2000. Ass. Saussureo latifoliae–Populetum tremulae Ermakov 2000. Ass. Anemonoido jenisseensis–Populetum tremulae Ermakov 1995. Ass. Equiseto pratensis–Padetum Falinski ex Ermakov et al. 2000. Ass. Matteuccio–Populetum tremulae Lashchinskiy 2009. All. Aconito septentrionalis–Piceion obovatae Solomeshch et al. in Martynenko et al. 2008. Suball. Tilio cordatae–Piceenion obovatae Martynenko et al. 2008. Ass. Brachypodio sylvaticae–Abietetum sibiricae Martynenko et al. 2007. Ass. Violo collinae–Piceetum obovatae Martynenko et Zhigunov in Martynenko et al. 2005. Ass. Chrysosplenio alternifolii–Piceetum obovatae Martynenko et al. 2007. Ass. Carici rhizinae–Piceetum obovatae Solomeshch et al. 1993. Ass. Frangulo alni–Piceetum obovatae Martyenko et Zhigunova 2007. Suball. Aconito septentrionalis–Piceenion obovatae Martynenko et al. 2008 Ass. Lathyro gmelinii–Laricetum sukaczewii Ishbirdin et al. 1996. Ass. Cerastio pauciflori–Piceetum obovatae Solomeshch et al. ex Martynenko et al. 2008. Ass. Asaro europaei–Piceetum obovatae Martynenko 2009 prov. All. Carici macrourae–Abietion sibiricae Lashchinskiy et Korolyuk 2016. Ass. Caragano arborescentis–Piceetum obovatae Lashchinskiy et Pisarenko 2016. Ass. Aegopodio padagrariae–Abietetum sibiricae Lashchinskiy et Korolyuk 2015. Ass. Melico–Abietetum sibiricae Ermakov et Lapshina 2013. In accordance with the concept proposed in the “Vegetation of Europe …” (Mucina et al., 2016), all boreal dark coniferous forests of the eastern part of Europe, Southern Urals and Western Siberia were assigned to the class Vaccinio-Piceetea and order Piceo obovatae–Pinetalia sibiricae Ermakov 2013. Diagnostic species of the order are Abies sibirica, Picea obovata, Pinus sibirica, Sorbus sibirica, Calamagrostis obtusata, Cerastium pauciflorum, Stellaria bungeana. The results of quantitative classification, ordination (Fig. 1, 2) and comparative syntaxonomic analysis of dark coniferous forests made it possible to correct the system of alliances. Syntaxonomic synopsis of the order Piceo obovatae–Pinetalia sibiricae Ermakov 2013. All. Aconito rubicundi–Abietion sibiricae Anekhonov et Chytrý 1998 Ass. Aconito septentrionalis–Piceetum obovatae Zaugolnova et Morozova in Zaugolnova et al. 2009 Ass. Bistorto majoris–Piceetum obovatae Martynenko 2009 ass. nov. prov. Ass. Adenophoro lilifoliae–Piceetum obovatae Martynenko 2009 ass. nov. prov. Ass. Linnaeo borealis–Abietetum sibiricae Lashchinskiy et Korolyuk 2015. Ass. Scutellario galericulatae–Piceetum obovatae Lashchinskiy et Pisarenko 2016. Ass. Rubo arctici–Abietetum sibiricae Ermakov et Makhatkov 2011. All. Pino sibiricae–Abietion sibiricae Ermakov in Ermakov et Lapshina 2013. Ass. Pino sibiricae–Abietetum sibiricae Ermakov et Makhatkov 2011. Ass. Ledo palustris–Abietetum sibiricae Ermakov et Lapshina 2013. All. Carici digitatae–Piceion obovatae all. nov. (described in this paper). Diagnostic species: Equisetum scirpoides, Chamaecytisus ruthenicus, Vicia cracca, Moehringia lateriflora, Cypripedium guttatum, Seseli krylovii, Campanula rotundifolia, Carex alba, C. digitata, Saussurea controversa, Gymnocarpium robertianum, Cortusa mathioli, Adonis sibirica, Cardamine trifida, Tephroseris integrifolia, Zigadenus sibiricus, Rhizomatopteris montana. Ass. Equiseto scirpoidis–Piceetum obovatae Martynenko et Zhigunova 2004. All. Vaccinio myrtilli–Piceion obovatae all. nov. prov. Ass. Vaccinio myrtilli–Piceetum obovatae ass. nov. (described in this paper) The ass. Carici macrourae–Abietetum sibiricae Ermakov et Lapshina 2013 can not be included in any existing alliances.

The climatic characteristics and morphometric indicators of the relief of habitats of forest communities described in the system of ecological and floristic classification on the Ufa plateau, as well as on the western macroslope and in the centrally elevated part of the Southern Urals were compared. It has been shown that syntaxonomic differences in forest vegetation in these areas are primarily caused by the differences in air temperature and summer precipitation. Existing climate change forecasts assume an increase in average annual and summer temperatures, as well as an increase in the amount of winter and a decrease in summer precipitation. This suggests that coniferous and mixed coniferous-broad-leaved forests will be enriched with species of the nemoral complex in the future in the Southern Urals, which in turn will lead to an increase in their similarity with modern forests of the Ufa plateau.

. Our study aimed to analyze the impact of extreme drought on the phenological development of Pinus sylvestris L. and Quercus robur L. forests in Ufa city (Bashkortostan Republic, Russia) and outside it. The study area is located in the northern part of the forest-steppe subzone of the temperate climate zone. The vegetation indices NDVI, GNDVI, and CVI were calculated from cloudless Landsat images for the growing season in the dry year of 2010 and time series of 2008-2017, and they were used to analyze the phenological development of forest vegetation. To plot phenology, we used the Bayesian LSP script which uses Landsat time series data and a Bayesian hierarchical model. Higher temperatures in the city led to the higher pace at the beginning of seasonal development of pine and oak forests. The tendency for the seasonal development of forests outside the city to delay continued in the dry year. At the same time, in the dry year in pine forests both in the city and outside the city the delay of phenological development began earlier than in oak forests. Pine forests respond to a long period of water scarcity more noticeably than oak forests, which is substantially due to the features of root systems of Quercus robur that allow them to use deeper moisture reserves.

Ki67 is not only one of the markers of proliferation, but also an indirect determinant of the rate of cell division. CD68 is exploited as a valuable cytochemical marker to immunostain monocyte/macrophages in the histochemical analysis of inflamed tissues, tumor tissues, and other immunohistopathological applications. The purpose of the study was to determine the cell proliferation index of the monocytic line of red bone marrow using antibodies to CD68+ and Ki-67 in the control and intact groups of animals There were established an equivalent degree of proliferative activity by progenitor cells with Ki-67 expression in the control and intact groups.

Changesin the distribution of broadleaf tree species-Tilia cordata Mill., Quercus robur L., Acer platanoides L., and Ulmus glabra Huds. in the central part of the Southern Urals after the cessation of the period with extremely cold winters in the late 1970s have been analyzed using thematic maps of their distribution in the study region, which were created in the 1970s and early 21th century based on cartographic forest inventory materials. Abnormal winter temperatures had the greatest effect on the distribution of A. platanoides and U. glabra. All broadleaf species are currently expanding their range, with their distribution boundary shifting eastward, to the left bank of the Belaya River.

The purpose of this study was to analyse the influence of climatic and topographic parameters on the distribution of forest communities (on the alliance level) on the Ufa plateau. In order to characterize the features of the forest vegetation habitats of six alliances, topographic parameters were calculated using the digital elevation model SRTM-3, and bioclimatic variables Bioclim (CHELSA). Cluster analysis using climatic characteristics showed that the main factors in the differentiation of alliances are the amount of precipitation in January and in the winter quarter. The amount of precipitation determines the depth of soil freezing and the sufficiency of soil moisture in the initial period of the seasonal development of trees. These factors are the main ones in differentiating the habitats of the communities of the suballiance Tilio cordatae-Pinenion sylvestris from the habitats of the other forest communities. The amount of precipitation in the summer quarter is the next most important climatic parameter, differentiating the habitats of communities. Cluster analysis using topographic parameters showed that the main factors of differentiation of the habitats of the alliances are the profile and plan curvature, slope steepness and aspect. These factors determine the accumulation of soil, moisture and the temperature regime of soils.