A new invasive species to China the cotton mealybug(Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley)(Homoptera: Pseudococcidae) was studied.5 host plant species,the tomato(Lycopersicon esculentum),the sesame(Sesamum indicum),the okra(Hibiscus esculentus),the water spinach(Ipomoea aquatica),the pumpkin(Cucurbiat moschata) for the cotton mealybug were investigated at(28±1) ℃ with a 12 L:12 D photoperiod in the laboratory.The longest larval duration of P.solenopsis occurred in pumpkin and the shortest one occured in sesame.The adult longevity of P.solenopsis feeding in okra and pumpkin were longer than that in sesame,water spinach and tomato.The survival rate of the mealybug feeding in sesame,water spinach and okra was higher than that feeding in tomato and pumpkin.The average fecundity of adults was highest in water spinach(648.50) and lowest in tomato(95.42).

In the present work, alkali extraction technology was used to optimize the extraction of Monascus mycelium polysaccharides for the first time. The extracting parameters of alkali extracted Monascus mycelium polysaccharides were optimized by Box-Behnken design (BBD). The optimum conditions were extraction temperature 49 °C, alkali concentration 7%, solvent/material ratio 23:1 (ml/g) and extraction time 2.3 h with an enhanced yield of 10.1%, compared with the yield 4.76% of hot water extraction, indicating that alkali extraction is a more efficient way. In order to discuss the biological activity of alkali extracted polysaccharides, we compared the in vitro antioxidant activity of alkali extracted polysaccharides (AMP) with hot water extracted polysaccharides (HMP). The result showed that AMP have the similar capability of scavenging both superoxide radical and 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical of HMP in vitro. Therefore, alkali extraction technology is not only a high-efficiency way to extract AMP, but also can retain the natural antioxidant activities of AMP, which can be used in pharmaceutical and food industries.

Liquid-fermentation conditions of a high MEP yielding Monascus strain Mr-70 and antioxidant activity of its crude MEP were initially studied.The fermentation conditions were optimized as follows: glucose 60.0 g/L,peptone 20.0 g/L,KH2PO4 10.0 g/L,MgSO4·7H2O 1.1 g/L,pH 6.5,shaker at 200 r/min,cultured at 32 ℃ for 96 h.Under these conditions,the yield of MEP reached as much as 10.15 g/L in shaker flask.The scavenging rate of crude MEP adopting DPPH· was 82.24% within 5 mg/mL,manifested that MEP of Monascus Mr-70 had fairly strong antioxidant activity.