Invasiveness of pituitary adenoma is the main cause of its poor prognosis, mechanism of which remains largely unknown. In this study, the differential proteins between invasive and non-invasive pituitary tumors (IPA and NIPA) were identified by TMT labeled quantitative proteomics. The differential metabolites in venous bloods from patients with IPA and NIPA were analyzed by untargeted metabolomics. Proteomic data showed that the top five up-regulated proteins were AD021, C2orf15, PLCXD3, HIST3H2BB and POU1F1, and the top five down-regulated proteins were AIPL1, CALB2, GLUD2, SLC4A10 and GTF2I. Metabolomic data showed that phosphatidylinositol (PI) was most remarkably up-regulated and melibiose was most obviously down-regulated. Further investigation demonstrated that PI stimulation increased the expression of PITPNM1, POU1F1, C2orf15 and LDHA as well as the phosphorylation of AKT and ERK, and promoted the proliferation, migration and invasion of GH3 cells, which were blocked by PITPNM1knockdown. Inhibiting AKT phosphorylation reduced the expression of POU1F1, C2orf15 and LDHA in PI-stimulated cells while activating AKT increased their expression in PITPNM1-silencing cells, which was similar to the function of ERK. POU1F1 silence suppressed the expression of LDHA and C2orf15. Luciferase report assay and ChIP assay demonstrated that POU1F1 positively regulated the transcription of LDHA and C2orf15. In addition, PI propelled the metastasis of GH3 cells in vivo, and elevated the expression of PITPNM1, POU1F1, C2orf15 and LDHA. These results suggested that elevated serum PI might contribute to the proliferation and invasion of pituitary adenoma by regulating the expression of PITPNM1/AKT/ERK/POU1F1 axis.

目的:探讨IMR、iDose4和FBP三种重建算法在肋软骨隆鼻术前胸部多排螺旋CT扫描中对图像质量的影响.方法:收集符合纳入标准的拟行自体肋软骨隆鼻术患者60例,术前均行胸部CT检查,分别使用IMR、iDose4和FBP三种重建算法生成图像并进行相关后处理重建肋软骨,记录并比较各组图像质量主观评价分数和客观评价的指标如:肋软骨CT值、噪声、信噪比、对比噪声比.结果:三种算法得到的CT重建图像都能准确评估肋软骨钙化程度;主观评分IMR、iDose4组与FBP组相比,在MIP图像上评分均值分别增加50.5％和33.6％,在VR图像上评分均值分别增加51.0％和19.0％.IMR组较iDose4组的评分均值在MIP图像和VR图像上分别增加了 11.1％和21.1％.客观评价肋软骨CT值、信噪比和对比噪声比并作统计学分析,最终显示IMR、iDose4和FBP三种重建算法组间对比有显著差异,IMR组明显最优.结论:IMR、iDose4和FBP三种重建算法均能准确评估自体肋软骨是否存在钙化及程度,IMR算法较后两者更能显著降低图像噪声,提高CNR、SNR,提升肋软骨的主观图像质量,为制定最佳术前方案提供更精准的相关信息,可作为肋软骨CT检查首选算法重建技术进行应用,值得大力推广.

目的:探讨胸部多排螺旋CT扫描在肋软骨隆鼻术中的应用价值.方法:收集符合纳入标准120例拟行自体肋软骨隆鼻术患者,都进行了胸部多排螺旋CT术前检查,并进行多种三维重建分析自体肋软骨是否符合手术标准,部分病例进行了术后CT复查评估.结果:CT准确评估肋软骨无钙化(1级)28例和轻度钙化(2级)62例,均可行自体肋软骨隆鼻术;中度钙化(3级)23例中12例可用自体肋软骨行隆鼻术,剩余7例全部重度钙化(4级)患者直接放弃肋软骨而采用耳软骨等替代进行隆鼻术.同时还发现叉状肋3例、肋软骨部分融合7例,镜面右位心伴内脏扭转1例,肺部占位病变2例.结论:多排螺旋CT及多种三维重建对拟选择自体肋软骨行隆鼻术的患者是术前首选的影像学检查方法,可以准确评估自体肋软骨是否存在钙化及程度,并能精准测量各肋软骨实际走行、长度、宽度及厚度,能够为肋软骨隆鼻术提供可靠的术前影像信息,同时还可以用于术后评估移植效果及排查并发症等.

背景与目的:胰腺切除手术复杂,术中意外出血风险较大.术前精准评估胰腺周围血管起源、走行有助于降低术中出血风险.目前,尚缺乏对国人胰周血管解剖的系统性研究.本研究目的在于探明国人胰背动脉(DPA)及胰十二指肠下动脉(IPDA)的解剖学特点,并探索最佳CT图像后处理方式.方法:收集2016年12月-2017年6月行腹部增强CT检查的患者影像学资料,进行多平面重建(MPR)、最大密度投影(MIP)、容积再现(VR)等技术处理,得到动脉期胰腺直接供血动脉的图像,由两名有经验并熟悉胰腺血管解剖的放射科医师观察DPA及IPDA,内容包括DPA及IPDA支数、发出部位、与上级血管根部的距离,并比较不同的CT后处理技术对相应血管的检出率.结果:期间共有762例患者行腹部增强CT检查,结合人组与排除标准,21 1例患者纳入研究,其中男性98例,女性113例;年龄16～92岁;BMI 17.5～35.2 kg/m2.全组患者,DPA及IPDA检出率分别为95.3％及96.2％.58.7％的DPA来源于腹腔干(CA),其中,发自脾动脉者占49.1％(58/118),发出部位距离根部平均距离为4.6(2～10)mm;发自肝动脉者占39.8％ (47/118),发出部位距离根部平均距离为6.4 (2～10) mm;发自CA分叉部者及本身者分别占6.8％(8/118)及4.2％(5/118).41.3％的DPA来自肠系膜上动脉(SMA),发出部位通常在SMA的9～12点位(94.0％,78/83),距离SMA根部平均距离为26(18～45) mm.各有171例(84.2％)、29例(14.3％)及3例(1.5％)分别存在1支、2支或3支IPDA.根据IPDA与第一空肠动脉(FJA)的关系,可将其分为共干发出、分别发出2种类型.IPDA与FJA共干发出者约占60.1％ (122/203),发出部位通常位于SMA的4～7点位(75.4％,92/122),距离SMA根部的平均距离为42 (18～54) mm.约39.9％的IPDA自接发自SMA,发出部位通常位于SMA的6～9点位,距离SMA根部平均距离为40(18～52) mm.共有10.4％(22/211)可见IPDA与DPA共干.l mm重建、MIP及VR技术对DPA的显示率分别为93.8％(198/211)、95.3％(201/211)、94.3％(199/211),明显优于3 mm (81.5％,172/211)或5 mm (68.7％,145/211)重建(均P＜0.01);对IPDA的显示率分别为94.8％ (200/211)、96.2％(203/211)、94.8％(200/211),明显优于3 mm (78.2％,165/211)或5 mm (67.3％,142/211)重建(均P＜0.01).结论:DPA与IPDA起源、走行复杂,术前1 mm CT重建可明确其解剖学特征,有助于术中对相关血管的解剖,减少意外损伤风险.

目的:探讨通过64层螺旋CT螺距参数的设置,降低新型冠状病毒肺炎患者筛查的辐射剂量和扫描时间的可行性.方法:前瞻性选择需进行新型冠状病毒肺炎筛查患者,按扫描时间随机分为大螺距组和对照组,每组各16例.大螺距组选择1.375:1螺距,对照组选择0.984:1螺距.对肺纹理、支气管、纵膈结构的图像质量;胸主动脉、竖脊肌、双肺肺实质;辐射剂量的客观数据进行评价和分析.结果:32例图像均符合影像诊断要求.伪影、肺纹理评分差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).两组右肺CT值分别是(-804.62±45.43)HU和(-852.12±28.13)HU、左肺CT值分别是(-808.13±37.74)HU和(-858.77±19.95)HU,均具有统计学意义(P<0.05).两组的扫描时间分别为(2.14±0.15)s和(3.14±0.28)s,具有统计学意义(P<0.05).两组记录所得的容积CT剂量指数(CTDIvol)是(7.88±0.89)HU和(11.17±1.08)HU、剂量长度乘积(DLP)是(279.14±36.33)HU和(387.25±47.86)HU均具有统计学意义(是P<0.05),有效剂量(ED)分别是(3.91±0.51)HU和(5.42±0.67)HU具有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论:新型冠状病毒肺炎患者CT筛查检查中,使用大螺距扫描,能够减少辐射剂量、显著缩短了扫描时间,在不影响病灶诊断的前提下,降低病人接受到的辐射剂量和放射技师感染的风险,具有实际工作意义,有待进一步推广验证.

PURPOSE:Evidence indicates that the actin-binding protein Coronin 3, which is aberrantly expressed in various cancers, is associated with cancer development and progression. However, little is known about the role of Coronin 3 in glioma tumorigenesis. Here, we aimed to explore the biological function and regulatory mechanism of Coronin 3 in glioblastoma (GBM).MATERIALS AND METHODS:Coronin 3 level in human GBM clinical samples and cell lines was investigated. The shRNA knockdown strategy was used to assess the tumor characteristics of GBM cell lines. The role of β-catenin in Coronin 3-mediated oncogenic phenotypes was evaluated.RESULTS:Coronin 3 was found to be highly upregulated in glioma cell lines. Furthermore, knockdown of Coronin 3 significantly inhibited the growth of glioma cells both in vivo and in vitro and suppressed the expression of Wnt/β-catenin pathway genes, including β-catenin, Cyclin D1, and c-Myc. Moreover, we demonstrated that Coronin 3 regulates the expression of β-catenin in glioma. Our results revealed that Coronin 3-stimulated tumor growth was β-catenin-dependent.CONCLUSION:Our study reveals a new molecular mechanism of Coronin 3 in promoting glioma growth and development through regulating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.

Objective:To compare the relative deviation between display value and measured value of entrance surface dose (ESD) at different tube voltages, source-to-image distances and phantom thicknesses, so as to provide the basis for the feasibility of using real-time ESD display value to evaluate the radiation dose and the suitability of exposure parameters.Methods:At two different tube voltages and source-to-image distances, the exposure experiments were carried out using three polyethylene models with surface area of 30 cm×30 cm and thickness of 5 cm, 10 cm and 20 cm, respectively. After each exposure, the ESD display values on DR equipment and the measured values on radiation dose detector were recorded. The Wilcoxon rank sum test was used to compare the difference between them, with the relative deviation of ESD display value calculated using formula.Results:At the same tube voltage and source-to-image distance, the ESD display values were not affected by the thickness of phantom, but the measured value changed with the thickness of the phantom. When the thickness of the phantom was 10 cm and 20 cm respectively, the ESD display value was smaller than the measured value and the difference was statistically significant ( Z=-2.201, -2.203, P<0.05). The thicker mold would lead to the larger relative deviation between display value and measured value. Only when the thickness of mold was 20 cm and source-to-image distance 100 cm, the relative deviation was greater than ±20%. Conclusions:The ESD display value on DR equipment can be used to evaluate the skin incident dose to the examinee, with necessary account taken of the influence of their body thickness.

Glioblastoma is a common malignant primary intracranial tumor characterized by rapid invasive growth and a high recurrence rate after surgery. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis, and abnormal miRNA expression is associated with the occurrence and progression of various tumors, including glioblastomas. The aim of this study was to determine the levels of miR-148a and integrin subunit alpha 9 (ITGA9) in glioblastoma tissues and cells and their involvement in cancer cell proliferation and migration. Glioblastoma tissues from 19 patients and two glioblastoma cell lines (U87 and LN229) were used in this study. The effects of miR-148a on cell viability, proliferation, colony formation, migration, and invasion were assessed. Glioblastomas were xenografted in nude mice to examine the effects of miR-148a overexpression on tumor growth in vivo. Levels of ITGA9 mRNA and protein in glioblastoma tissues were detected by quantitative reverse transcription PCR and western blot analysis, respectively. The interaction between miR-148a and ITGA9 was determined by a dual-luciferase reporter gene assay. We found that the overexpression of miR-148a decreases the proliferation, clustering, migration, and invasiveness of U87 and LN229 cells and inhibits the tumorigenicity of xenografted glioblastomas. We confirmed that ITGA9 is the target of miR-148a. Restoration of ITGA9 expression reversed the decreased viability, migration, and invasiveness of glioblastoma cells induced by miR-148a overexpression. Our findings indicate that miR-148a can suppress the malignant phenotype of glioblastoma by targeting ITGA9 and identify ITGA9 as a potential therapeutic target for glioblastoma.

Caveolin-1 (Cav-1) is a principal structural protein of caveolae. Cav-1 has been implicated in cancer progression, but its precise functional roles in pituitary adenoma cells remain largely unclear. In this study, we evidenced that the level of cav-1 was elevated in the invasive pituitary adenoma. Cav-1 knockdown restrained the migration and invasion of pituitary adenoma cells. In cav-1-depleting cells, the expression of miR-145, miR-124 and miR-183 were up-regulated. Further investigation showed that cav-1 knockdown inhibited the nuclear translocation of EGR1, reducing the interaction between EGR1 and KLF5. The resulting free KLF5 promoted the expression of miR-145, miR-124 and miR-183 by binding to their promoters, which was blocked by EGR1. Luciferase reporter assay indicated that miR-145 targeted FSCN1, miR-124 targeted PTTG1IP, and miR-183 targeted EZR in pituitary adenoma cells, respectively. Knockdown of FSCN1, PTTG1IP or EZR suppressed the migration and invasion of pituitary adenoma cells. In conclusion, our data suggested that the elevated cav-1 promoted pituitary adenoma cells migration and invasion by regulating the interaction between EGR1 and KLF5.

MicroRNA-378 (miR-378) is dysregulated in multiple malignancies and is associated with tumor progression. However, the expression and mechanism of miR-378 in pituitary adenoma (PA) remains to be elucidated. In the present study, the role and mechanism of miR-378 in PA tumorigenesis and development was investigated. It was revealed that the levels of miR-378 expression were markedly downregulated in PA tissues. CCK-8 and wound healing assays revealed that transfection with miR-378 mimics was able to markedly inhibit the proliferation and migration of GH3 cells. Furthermore, quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis demonstrated that ring finger protein 31 (RNF31) was upregulated in PA specimens and the levels of RNF31 expression was negatively regulated by miR-378. In addition, knockdown of RNF31 markedly suppressed cell proliferation and migration in GH3 cells. In conclusion, the present study provides a molecular basis for the function of miR-378/RNF31 in the progression of human PA, indicating a potential novel target for the treatment of PA.

The mechanism of pituitary gland tumour (PGT) is unclear. Aberrant immune tolerance is associated with the pathogenesis of tumour. Vitamin D and vitamin D receptor (VDR) are involved in the immune regulation. Interleukin (IL)‐10 is one of the important immune regulatory molecules. This study aims to elucidate the role of VDR in the regulation of IL‐10 in peripheral B cells of PGT patients. In this study, the peripheral blood samples were collected from PGT patients and healthy subjects. B cells were purified from the blood samples and analysed by RT‐qPCR and Western blotting. The correlation between the expression of IL‐10 and VDR in the B cells was assessed. We observed that the serum VitD levels were negatively correlated with IL‐10 expression in peripheral B cells of patients with PGT. Low levels of VDR expression were found in peripheral B cells of PGT patients. Exposure to VitD suppressed the expression of IL‐10 in B cells. The VDR bounds the transcription factor of IL‐10 to interfere with the expression of IL‐10 in B cells. The VDR agonists inhibited IL‐10 expression in B cells from PGT patients. In conclusion, modulation of the expression of VDR can regulate the expression of IL‐10 in peripheral B cells of PGT patients, which may contribute to the treatment of PGT.

目前，冠状动脉CTA已经成为临床诊断和排查冠心病重要的无创影像检查手段[1]。扫描时患者的心律变化和是否能屏气配合是影响图像质量的主要因素，曝光过程中患者突发期前收缩常导致心电门控信号识别错误，影响图像质量甚至导致检查失败。研究结果显示，回顾性心电门控扫描技术配合心电图（electrocardiogram，ECG）编辑可以改善心律不齐患者的冠状动脉CTA图像质量[2-3]，但采用ECG编辑功能中何种技术方法效果最佳尚不清楚。笔者旨在探讨忽略法（disable Sync）、删除法（delete Sync）、插入法（insert Sync）和移动法（shift R-peak）4种ECG编辑技术[4-5]改善期前收缩患者冠状动脉CTA图像质量的价值。

Objective: Comparing the multi-slice helical CT with bronchoscopy findings of proximal-airways stenting to assess the value of multi-slice spiral CT. Methods: 130 patients with 130 endobronchial stents inserted for malignancy (n=109) or benign diseases (n=21) underwent follow-up multi-slice helical CT and with subsequent multi-slice reformation and three dimensional reconstruction at 3 months or complications aggravated. Bronchoscopy was carried out in (1.2±0.6) days. Of the stent location, shape, and adjacent lumen airway patency were evaluated by two experienced doctors. Kappa test was used to the check the consistency of the results of two doctors. Paired chi-square test to determine the diagnostic accuracy of CT stent complications. Results: CT results of 61 (46.9%) patients showed no complications, 5 patients showed discrepancies, the latter bronchoscopy show tracheal stent granuloma, a slight narrowing of the lumen (<25%). 69 cases (53.1%) showed abnormal changes in the lumen on CT. 4 cases were misdiagnosis as tumor recurrence and confirmed granuloma by bronchoscopy, the CT result of remaining 65 cases were consistent with the diagnosis of the bronchoscope. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of CT diagnosis was 96.2%, 100% and 93.1%, respectively. Conclusion: Computed tomography is an accurate noninvasive method for evaluating endobronchial stents. CT is a useful technique for follow up of patients who have undergone endobronchial stenting.

Objective To explore the expression of β1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 8 (β3GnT8) in pituitary adenomas and its influence on the invasive behaviors.Methods A total of 58 cases of pituitary adenoma,including 32 cases in invasive group and 26 cases in non-invasive group,were collected.The expression of β3GnT8,high glycoform of CD147 (HG-CD147) and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 was determined by immunohistochemical method and Western blotting.Results The β3GnT8 expression rate was significantly higher in the invasive group than in the non-invasive group (87.5％ vs.57.5％,P ＜0.05).Western blotting revealed that the expression of β3GnT8,HG-CD147 and MMP-2 in the invasive group was significantly increased as compared with the non-invasive group (t =2.72,P ＜ 0.05;t ＝ 2.81,P ＜ 0.05;t =2.68,P ＜ 0.05),and with the increased expression of β3GnT8,the expression of HG-CD147 and MMP-2 also increased.There were mutually positive correlations among β3GnT8,CD147 and MMP-2 expression in invasive pituitary adenomas (r =0.78,P ＜ 0.05;r =0.64,P ＜ 0.05;r =0.52,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The β3GnT8 expression might relate with the aggressiveness and invasion of pituitary adenomas.It may be an useful maker for predicting invasiveness and provides a new way for the diagnosis and treatment of invasive pituitary adenomas.

Objective To investigate target genes of microRNA Let-7b in GH3 cells of rat,and study the influence of Let-7b on invasive growth of GH3 cells.Methods Three different bioinformatic ways including TargetScan,PicTar and MiRanda were used to identify the target genes.The Let-7 b mimic and anti-miRNA oligonuclotide (AMO) were designed and transfected into GH3 cells via lentivirus,and the GH3 cells which transfected with vehicle were used as the control group.Real-time quantitative PCR detecting system (FQ-PCR) was used to detect the expression of Let-7b after different transfection.Westen blotting was used to detect the expression of extracellular metalloproteinase inducer (CD147) and matrix metalloprotein-9 (MMP-9).Transwell experiments were used to detect the invasive ability.Results Let-7b directly targeting CD147 as an inhibitor,suppressed the protein expression of CD147 and MMP-9,and inhibited invasive ability of GH3 cells.After transfection with Let-7b mimic,the mRNA level of Let-7b was 9.56 ± 0.51 times higher than that in the control group (P ＜ 0.05),the protein expression of CD147 and MMP-9 were reduced,the invasive growth of GH3 cells were inhibited.Inhibiting the Let-7b expression by transfection with AMO,the mRNA level of Let-7b was 0.31 ±0.01 times lower than that in the control group (P ＜ 0.05),the protein expression of CD147 and MMP-9 were increased,the ability of invasive growth was enhanced.There were no significant differences in the expression of Let-7b,the protein expression of CD147 and MMP-9,and invasive ability of GH3 cells between the control group and the natural growth group.Conclusion Let-7b targeting CD147 inhibits the invasive growth of GH3 cells,it may be used as drug target for gene treatment and clinical prognostic indices.

This study examines the bioleaching of municipal solid waste incineration fly ash by Aspergillus niger, and its effect on the fungal morphology, the fate of the ash particles, and the precipitation of metallic salt crystals during bioleaching. The fungal morphology was significantly affected during one-step and two-step bioleaching; scanning electron microscopy revealed that bioleaching caused distortion of the fungal hyphae (with up to 10 μm hyphae diameter) and a swollen pellet structure. In the absence of the fly ash, the fungi showed a linear structure (with 2–4 μm hyphae diameter). Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction confirmed the precipitation of calcium oxalate hydrate crystals at the surface of hyphae in both one-step and two-step bioleaching. Calcium oxalate precipitation affects bioleaching via the weakening of the fly ash, thus facilitating the release of other tightly bound metals in the matrix.

Objective To explore the expressions and significance of Ki-67, PTTG and VEGF in pituitary apoplexy. Methods A total of 60 cases of pituitary adenoma, including 28 cases of apoplexy adenoma ( apoplexy group) and 32 cases of non-apoplexy pituitary adenoma ( non-apoplexy group ) were collected.Expressions of Ki-67, PTTG and VEGF were analyzed with immunohistochemical method and Western blotting.Results The Ki-67 expression was sig-nificantly higher in the apoplexy group than in the non-apoplexy group (P<0.05);however, there was no significant difference in the PTTG and VEGF expressions between the two groups (P>0.05).Conclusion Cell proliferation in pituitary apoplexy is significantly higher than in non-apoplexy pituitary, while PTTG and VEGF have the same ability to induce the blood vessel.

Objective To investigate the possibility of auricle reconstruction assisted by an expander using porous silicon auricle frame.Methods An adult male with average sized,normal ears was selected.The spiral CT scan was used to acquire primitive data of his external ear.Mimics 8.1 and Geomagic studio 12 were used for 3D reconstruction and image processing.Three-dimensional model of auricle 1.4 mm in thickness was created according to the anterior auricular surface data.Finally,a metal model was made according to the 3D model of auricle.By the extrusion method,silicon auricle frame was formed from the metal model.Multiple perforations,1 mm in diameter and 1 mm internal from each other,were then made by a puncher.50 ml kidney tissue expanders were implanted between the panniculus carnosus and the fascia through an incision on the backs of 10 New Zealand white rabbits.The expander was inflated with 20 ml saline weekly,to a total of 160 ml.Maintenance of expansion lasted for a month.The expander was then removed through an incision along the expander near the back.Silicon auricle frame was inserted into the pocket.The reconstructed ears were observed for 6 months postoperation.Whether there were deformations,contractures and extrusions were observed.Results The reconstructed ears were elastic and compressible.No deformation,contracture or extrusion were observed 6 months postoperation.Scaphoid fossa,triangular fossa,helix,antihelix were legible.Conclusions The silicon frame,1.4 mm in thickness manufacted by computer aided design,could stand up to contraction of the overlying expanded flap,and it thus is possible to be used for auricle reconstruction assisted by the expander.

随着计算机技术的发展,医学影像设备朝着更智能化、更人性化需求方向发展[1].为便于放射检查过程中向受检者下达配合指令,绝大多数CT设备中都已经配备有语音录制-播放器.胸部X线检查规范中要求受检者在吸气下屏气后曝光,受检者呼吸配合程度对图像质量有重要影响,但目前常规X线摄影设备中还未配备语音录制-播放器,呼吸指令下达方式主要取决于放射技师个人习惯.胸部X线检查数量在放射科工作中所占的比例较大,约占整个放射科检查项目中的1/2[2].因此,有必要在常规X线摄影设备中增设语音录制-播放器[3-4],以减轻放射技师工作负担和规范呼吸配合指令.笔者为此提出利用语音芯片设计语音播放器的方案.