Ultra-short and ultra-intense pulsed lasers(femtosecond lasers)possess extremely high peak power,and hold broad application prospects in laser inertial confinement fusion,high-energy physics,laser micro-processing and other fields.The peak power of femtosecond pulsed lasers is a crucial parameter for evaluating the performance of ultra-short and ultra-intense pulsed laser systems.A peak power measurement method of terawatt-level femtosecond pulsed laser based on the spectral phase coherent direct electric field reconstruction was introduced,along with the composition and working principles of the measurement device.A set of peak power measurement device of terawatt-level femtosecond pulsed laser was constructed,and the sources as well as main factors of measurement uncertainty influencing the measurement results of peak power were analyzed and discussed.The repeatability of the peak power measurement is 2.9%,and the measurement uncertainty reaches 17.6%(k=2),which effectively addresses the issue of peak power measurement of terawatt-level femtosecond laser.

针对fJ(飞焦)至单光子极弱能量测量及溯源需求,提出一种纠缠单光子源.通过基于冷原子团的自发四波混频效应产生波长795 nm的宣布式纠缠光子对,采用背景辐射抑制与实时补偿、高精度激光稳频、时序脉冲精密同步获得窄线宽、高质量的单光子源.在此基础上,研究了纠缠光子源参数校准方法,进一步建立以量子基准为基础的全新光辐射量值溯源体系,减小了极弱光辐射参数的测量不确定度.

Modulation transfer function (MTF) is one of significant parameters for designing and evaluationg an photoelectric imaging system.As the traditional MTF measurement algorithm cannot meet the need of dynamic measurement for photoelectric system. A device composed of composed of three parts, including dynamic target generation unit, carrier motion simulation unit, data processing and control unit was setup. It is found that when the platform vibrates at low frequency, the decreasing speed of the dynamic transfer function of the television imaging system increases with the increase of the vibration frequency. When the platform vibrates at high frequency, the decreasing velocity of the dynamic transfer function of the television imaging system changes very weakly with the increase of the vibration frequency of the platform. When the platform vibrates at high frequency, the fluctuation of the decreasing velocity of the dynamic transfer function of the television imaging system decreases continuously with the increase of the vibration frequency, and gradually approaches 1 when the platform is at rest1.42 times.

为了解决飞焦级激光能量计的校准问题,提出了一种专用的校准系统和方法.该系统采用固定和可变二级衰减机构相结合的方式,实现了对响应波长1064 nm、脉宽5 ns～1μs、飞焦量级的激光能量计的校准.阐述了校准系统的工作原理、设备组成和方法.对系统的关键组件和整机性能进行了描述,并给出了相应的测试结果,能量重复测量的不确定度为3％,系统的测量不确定度可以达到11％.最后,提出了该校准系统未来的改进方向.

围绕红外热像仪成像参数MRTD(最小可分辨温差)测试问题开展研究,介绍了MRTD的测试方法以及MRTD测试装置— 红外热像仪评估系统的工作原理,详细分析了MRTD测试过程中,红外热像仪测试位置、差分黑体温差、差分黑体发射率和光学系统几何像差等因素对测试结果的影响.针对这些问题,提出了采用红外扫描辐射计对红外热像仪评估系统温差进行校准的方法,利用该方法对某空间频率下热像仪MRTD进行测试,并给出了测试结果,为热像仪MRTD参数准确测试提供参考.

钛宝石飞秒激光放大系统具有重复频率低、脉冲波形复杂等特点,为准确测量其峰值功率,提出对单次脉冲波形和脉冲宽度测量的需求。介绍了单脉冲飞秒激光时域波形和脉冲宽度的测量原理和测量方法,设计了基于频率分辨光学开关法的单脉冲飞秒激光时域参数测量装置。讨论了单脉冲飞秒激光时域参数测量校准面临的问题及解决方法。

调制传递函数（MTF）是评价电视摄像机成像质量的重要参数。介绍了一种用于可见光电视摄像机整机MTF测量装置及方法。设计了三积分球目标发生器系统,通过电动衰减器实现了目标和背景亮度的独立可控,其出口不均匀性为4.1%。采用基于倾斜狭缝法的亚像元自动插值与匹配算法以及线扩散函数（LSF）的最小二乘拟合分析法,实现了倾斜角度的自动计算以及MTF的精确测量,测量装置的重复性为0.007。通过与国外先进仪器的比对实验,表明建立的电视摄像机整机性能测量装置可以有效解决电视摄像机整机成像质量性能评价问题。

Modulation transfer function (MTF) is one of significant parameters for designing and evaluating an photoelectric imaging system. As the traditional MTF measurement algorithm cannot meet the need of discrete sampling characteristics for photoelectric system, an automatic interpolaton and sub-pixel matching algorithm based on slit tilting method is proposed.Through the least-square analysis of line spread function (LSF),the tilting angle can be automatically calculated, and interpolaton of sub-pixel data can be precisely reconstructed. The noise of oscillation can be effectively restrained by a hanning window function. A device composed of target generator system, off-axis reflective collimator, mechanical adjustment, electrical control system, video acquisition module and comprehensive software was setup. The validity of the method was verified by experiments. The repeatability reached 0.007。

为解决红外目标隐身效果评估过程中辐射计视场响应不均匀对测量结果的影响,提出一种等立体角标定和测量的方法.采用同光路原理消除光学系统轴外像差造成的视场响应非均匀对测量结果的影响,实现红外隐身目标辐射强度等参数的标定和测量.以标准黑体为测量对象,采用本文提出的测量方法对其在(3～5)μm的积分辐射强度进行实验验证,结果表明其测量值与标准值相对误差小于2％,测量相对不确定度优于3.7％(k=2).

Streak images obtained by the streak tube imaging lidar (STIL) contain the distance-azimuth-intensity information of a scanned target, and a 3-D reconstruction of the target can be carried out through extracting the characteristic data of multiple streak images. Significant errors will be caused in the reconstruction result by the peak detection method due to noise and other factors. So as to get a more precise 3-D reconstruction, a peak detection method based on Gaussian fitting of trust region is proposed in this work. Gaussian modeling is performed on the returned wave of single time channel of each frame, then the modeling result which can effectively reduce the noise interference and possesses a unique peak could be taken as the new returned waveform, lastly extracting its feature data through peak detection. The experimental data of aerial target is for verifying this method. This work shows that the peak detection method based on Gaussian fitting reduces the extraction error of the feature data to less than 10%; utilizing this method to extract the feature data and reconstruct the target make it possible to realize the spatial resolution with a minimum 30 cm in the depth direction, and improve the 3-D imaging accuracy of the STIL concurrently.

Terahertz(T Hz)band locates between the infrared and microwave and has great appli-cation prospects in the fields of national defense such as space communications,short-range tacti-cal communications,and so on.The characteristics,categories,solutions and the key technologies involved in terahertz communication system are summarized.Research status and achievements of terahertz communication system at home and abroad in recent years are introduced,and the communication distance reaches 20 km at 0.14 T Hz band,the communication transmission rate reaches 105 Gb/s at 0.3 T Hz band.Several communication technical routes are analyzed,that conclude all electronics method,optoelectronics method and quantum cascade laser communica-tion method,and their advantages and disadvantages are compared.Additional,the development trend and application prospect of terahertz communication technology are viewed.

With the development of the technology of streak tube device, the application of streak tube as a transient optical device is no longer confined to the field of high speed photography and optical spectroscopy. A streak tube imaging LIDAR (STIL) for underwater imaging is devised, the streak images are obtained, and the extraction of feature data and 3D reconstruction are performed. The difference in distance of the two objects, which is calculated by the theory, is close to the actual value, so the feasibility of using this system as laser imaging is verified. The experimental results show that the STIL has a high resolution, and has a good application prospect.

研究了在-60～50 ℃条件下准确测量材料法向发射率的方法.基于发射率定义建立了材料法向发射率测量模型.为屏蔽环境杂散辐射与大气吸收的影响,利用真空液氮背景通道搭建了低温状态下材料发射率测量装置.测量了氧化铜与高发射率陶瓷两种样品的法向发射率随温度、波长的变化情况.结果表明:两种样品的法向光谱发射率均随波长增加而降低;随温度的升高,氧化铜样品法向积分发射率稳定为0.850±0.012,陶瓷样品的法向积分发射率降低了0.124.最后,实现了低温状态下红外光谱辐射的高精度采集,对低温状态下材料法向光谱发射率测量结果的不确定度进行了评定,得到的结果显示其相对扩展不确定度小于6.0％.

描述了太赫兹时域光谱系统的原理和组成,研制了太赫兹时域光谱（0.1~3THz）系统。介绍了太赫兹时域光谱技术在爆炸物识别方面的优势及其特点,提出了爆炸物识别的数学模型和方法。采用太赫兹时域光谱系统测试爆炸物样品的特征吸收光谱并将其作为标准模板,然后将爆炸物置于土壤、水泥和塑料障碍物后,采用太赫兹时域光谱系统得到穿透障碍物后爆炸物的特征吸收光谱,并将其与标准模板比对,从而实现爆炸物的隔物穿透识别。实验得到爆炸物RDX的特征吸收光谱,其特征频率为0.82,1.70和2.40THz。实验还对不同厚度和种类障碍物下爆炸物RDX、CL-20、LLM-105和FOX-1进行了实验测试,结果表明:穿透障碍物后爆炸物可识别的特征吸收光谱与标准模板匹配得很好,证明根据爆炸物特征吸收光谱实现爆炸物匹配识别的方法是可行的。基于文中提出的太赫兹时域光谱系统可进一步开展爆炸物残留痕量探测识别和隔物技术研究。

Laser Rayleigh-Brillouin scattering is an effective non-intrusive method for measurement of density, temperature and pressure in gas flows. In theory, the power of Rayleigh-Brillouin scattered laser light is proportional to the gas density, the full width at half maximum (FWHM) and the Brillouin shift of the Rayleigh-Brillouin scattering spectrum is related to the gas temperature and pressure, respectively. In this paper, a measurement device based on Fabry-Perot interferometer (FPI) is designed to measure the Rayleigh-Brillouin spectrum of nitrogen gas. The experimental data is obtained at different pressures under room temperature conditions. The L3 model is used to fit the experimental data to obtain the FWHMs and Brillouin shifts of the Rayleigh-Brillouin profiles. The composite Rayleigh-Brillouin profiles which consist of Rayleigh peak, stokes peak and anti-stokes peak are represented by three distinct peaks of Lorentz functions. Fitting results show that the error of FWHMs and Brillouin shifts obtained by L3 model is less than 10% compare with the Tenti S6 model. Some factors that affect the measurement accuracy of the Rayleigh-Brillouin parameters are also analyzed and discussed.

In order to accurately evaluate the stealth performance of infrared materials and coat‐ing ,the IRS400 type material emissivity measurement equipment was developed .It is mainly used in the temperature range of 50 ℃ ~400 ℃ ,spectrum range of 3 μm~5 μm and 8 μm~12 μm directional measurement for the emissivity of solid opaque material and coating sample . The importance of the material emissivity measurement for infrared stealth technology was in‐troduced ,the IRS400 type emissivity measurement equipment was described ,including the technology performance and working principle .The IRS400 optic system adopted total reflec‐tion design ,the detector selected the LiTaO3 pyroelectric detector ,and the 50 ℃ ~1 000 ℃black body radiation source standard device was utilized to calibrate the black body emissivityεB (λ1 ,λ2 ) .By solving the key technology of calibration and environmental temperature compen‐sation ,the emissivity measurement uncertainty can be ensured less than 2% .

提出了一种可用于干涉条纹傅里叶变换分析的空间载波频率估计方法.通过干涉条纹的加窗切趾处理及旁瓣质心坐标的计算,得到空间载波频率的高准确度估计.基于傅里叶变换的位移定理,用估计的空间载波频率实现了载频的移除.模拟和实验结果表明此方法可以有效地抑制传统干涉条纹傅里叶变换分析中的载频移除误差和频谱泄漏误差.

Using the angular spectrum theory of scalar diffraction ,the phase retrieval algorithm with two intensity patterns was carried out ,and was used to test the optical surfaces and wave‐fronts .The wavefronts of the spherical wave surfaces were retrieved by the algorithm in exper‐iment .The algorithm of wavefront fitting based on the Zernike polynomials was realized with computer programmer by calculating generalized inverse matrix of Zernike coefficients .

建立了激光二极管阵列（LDA）侧面泵浦棒状Nd:YAG增益介质时变热效应理论计算模型。采用有限元Ansys软件模拟分析了脉冲LDA侧面泵浦大能量固体激光器的时变热效应特性。研究结果表明,所研究的脉冲LDA侧面泵浦大能量Nd:YAG激光器热效应具有时变特性,介质横截面内中心点处的稳态温度场分布随时间呈锯齿形周期变化,锯齿形变化频率为LDA泵浦频率,脉冲LDA泵浦参数对介质稳态温度场分布有较大影响。分析和计算了介质内热梯度、应力双折射以及激光晶体端面效应等导致的晶体热透镜焦距。计算表明,介质的热焦距主要来源于介质内温度梯度引起的热透镜焦距。

Based on the propagation of Gaussian light, Zemax program is used to simulate the pump light propagating process and absorbing distribution for LDA side-pump laser rod,and the corresponding heat load distribution analysis of the rod is done by using Lascad program.On the basis of simulation results,the pump parameters of LDA side-pump Nd:YAG are optimized which provide valuable guidances for side-pump LDA designing and pump module engineering.