The article proposes a method for obtaining a new composite material derived from igneous gabbro rock that is reinforced with basalt fiber. Laboratory samples were prepared and their properties (pycnometric density and Brinell hardness) were determined.

Abstract—Samples of the rocks of the Tastyg deposit are opened and chemically analyzed. Based on the chemical analysis data, a computer physical and chemical model of the conditions of formation of this rock is created and its mineral composition is calculated, the correctness of which is confirmed by experimental methods. The results of the studies allow further optimization of the technological processes for processing the raw materials of the Tastyg deposit.

Laboratory samples of a new functional material are obtained by mixing two fractions of crushed gabbro rock with different particle sizes in the ratio coarse : fine = 1 : 10 and discrete basalt fibers in an amount of 8 wt

The possibility of using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy for quantification of the chemical composition of igneous rocks without their transfer into solution has been considered. Statistical processing of the measurement results has been carried out, and the error of the method in comparison with the inductively coupled plasma spectrometry method has been demonstrated.

The chemical composition of a sample of anorthosite from the Kotozero deposit (Karelia, Russia) was determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy. The mineral composition of the sample was calculated by physicochemical modeling and confirmed by X-ray powder diffraction analysis. Methods for using this rock were proposed.

Based on the results of chemical analysis of dolerite from the Dergamysh deposit by the ACP-OES method using the SELECTOR-S information and computing complex, a physicochemical model of the formation of this rock (dolerite) is constructed, and its mineral composition is calculated, which is confirmed by the results of X-ray phase analysis. Based on the found mineral composition, a method for using dolerite to obtain mineral fibers is proposed.

Using computer physicochemical modeling methods, we determine the mineral compositions of igneous rocks corresponding to latite and trachyte, medium volcanic rocks of the subalkaline series 53 ≤ SiO 2 ≤ 64.5 ≤ (Na 2 O + K 2 O) ≤ 14. The possibility of modifying the mineral composition of these rocks to enable their use as raw materials for the production of stone ceramics, stone-casting products, and mineral fibers is established.

The data on the main (Arsent’evskii, Orongoiskii, Kizirskii, Chineiskii, Patynskii, and Kharlovskii) massifs of stratiform anorthosite deposits in Russia and their location data are given. The problems of classification, petrography, petrochemistry, and mineralogy of these anorthosites are considered.

Производятся оценки значений параметров модели с тремя активными и тремя стерильными нейтрино, а именно, параметров смешивания активных и стерильных нейтрино и масс стерильных нейтрино. При этом используются результаты эксперимента BEST (Baksan Experiment on Sterile Transitions). Эксперимент BEST направлен на проверку галлиевой аномалии на малых расстояниях, т.е. дефицита электронных нейтрино от радиоактивного источника. Кроме того, учитываются результаты экспериментов по проверке ускорительной и реакторной нейтринных аномалий на малых расстояниях, а также некоторые астрофизические данные.

The chemical composition of rocks from the Kanzafarova open pit mine is determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy; their petrochemical properties are estimated. On the basis of the obtained data, the mineral composition is estimated, permitting the raw material to be referred to the family of basalt basic volcanic rocks of normal alkaline suborder 45 ≤ SiO 2 ≤ 52; 0.5 ≤ (Na 2 O + K 2 O) ≤ 5. This is also confirmed by the results of X-ray phase analysis. Calculation of the coefficient of acidity of the rock allows it to be recommended as a raw material for the production of mineral fiber.

A structure–property correlation has been developed, which makes it possible to choose the optimal values of the enthalpy of formation of alkali metal borates, for which, according to the data of various experimental works and reference publications, wide variations are observed. Using this correlation, the enthalpy of formation of unstudied alkali metal borates can be reasonably estimated. It has been found that the contribution of B 2 O 3 to the enthalpy of formation is the same not only for alkali metal borates but also for Ba, Ca, and Pb borates, for whose enthalpy of formation a structure–property correlation has also been established. This suggests the suitability of the obtained correlations for estimating the enthalpy of formation in the borate series, where the value is known only for one member of the series, as well as the possibility of estimating the enthalpy of formation of mixed borates of different metals.

Data on the crystallization of the basic magma and its intrachamber and intrapocket (deep-seated) differentiations are given. Problems of the genesis of stratiform anorthosites are considered.

A composition–property relationship has been developed that makes it possible to select the optimal values of the standard entropy of alkali metal borates, for which available experimental and reference data vary in wide ranges. This relationship allows one to estimate the standard entropy of unstudied alkali metal borates with sufficient validity. To ensure the reliability of the relationship, a critical analysis of the initial data borrowed from reference books and original experimental works has been carried out. Experimental measurements of low-temperature heat capacity were processed to verify the reliability of the standard entropy values of alkali metal borates presented in the literature.

Brief petrochemical characteristics of andesite (from the Ussuri region) and gabbro (from the Republic of Karelia) are given. The magnetic properties of various grain size fractions are analyzed in detail by EPR spectroscopy and static magnetic susceptibility measurements in the temperature range 4–300 K in magnetic fields up to 5 T.

The results of determination of the chemical composition of the main plutonic rock gabbro are presented. The chemical and mineral compositions were calculated by physicochemical modeling, as well as the composition of the components formed during its heating in a wide temperature range in different atmospheres. The results made it possible to create methods for modification of the composition of gabbro-basalt raw materials to obtain mineral fibers, stone casting products, and ceramics.

A method of producing ceramics from igneous rocks is presented for the example of gabbro. It is shown that potassium liquid glass can be used as a binder. The method of physicochemical modeling was used to calculate the mineral compositions of the components formed on heating the gabbro. The optimal conditions (dispersion of the powder, amount of binder, and so forth) of the process under consideration were determined. Ceramic samples were obtained and their basic properties determined.

Research was carried out, intended for using igneous rocks of Russian deposits for the production of advanced materials. Methods for calculating the mineral composition of gabbro–basalt rocks and the effect of melting (crystallization) conditions on it were proposed. New methods were developed for modifying the chemical and mineral compositions of gabbro–basalt materials. Samples of stone ceramics (including those produced from highly dispersed powders), protective anticorrosion coatings, and friction materials based on crushed basalt and chopped continuous fibers were prepared. Physicochemical foundations for the complex processing of gabbro–basalt raw materials were created.