The article proposes a method for obtaining a new composite material derived from igneous gabbro rock that is reinforced with basalt fiber. Laboratory samples were prepared and their properties (pycnometric density and Brinell hardness) were determined.

Abstract—Samples of the rocks of the Tastyg deposit are opened and chemically analyzed. Based on the chemical analysis data, a computer physical and chemical model of the conditions of formation of this rock is created and its mineral composition is calculated, the correctness of which is confirmed by experimental methods. The results of the studies allow further optimization of the technological processes for processing the raw materials of the Tastyg deposit.

Laboratory samples of a new functional material are obtained by mixing two fractions of crushed gabbro rock with different particle sizes in the ratio coarse : fine = 1 : 10 and discrete basalt fibers in an amount of 8 wt

The possibility of using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy for quantification of the chemical composition of igneous rocks without their transfer into solution has been considered. Statistical processing of the measurement results has been carried out, and the error of the method in comparison with the inductively coupled plasma spectrometry method has been demonstrated.

The chemical composition of a sample of anorthosite from the Kotozero deposit (Karelia, Russia) was determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy. The mineral composition of the sample was calculated by physicochemical modeling and confirmed by X-ray powder diffraction analysis. Methods for using this rock were proposed.

Based on the results of chemical analysis of dolerite from the Dergamysh deposit by the ACP-OES method using the SELECTOR-S information and computing complex, a physicochemical model of the formation of this rock (dolerite) is constructed, and its mineral composition is calculated, which is confirmed by the results of X-ray phase analysis. Based on the found mineral composition, a method for using dolerite to obtain mineral fibers is proposed.

Using computer physicochemical modeling methods, we determine the mineral compositions of igneous rocks corresponding to latite and trachyte, medium volcanic rocks of the subalkaline series 53 ≤ SiO 2 ≤ 64.5 ≤ (Na 2 O + K 2 O) ≤ 14. The possibility of modifying the mineral composition of these rocks to enable their use as raw materials for the production of stone ceramics, stone-casting products, and mineral fibers is established.

The data on the main (Arsent’evskii, Orongoiskii, Kizirskii, Chineiskii, Patynskii, and Kharlovskii) massifs of stratiform anorthosite deposits in Russia and their location data are given. The problems of classification, petrography, petrochemistry, and mineralogy of these anorthosites are considered.

The chemical composition of rocks from the Kanzafarova open pit mine is determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy; their petrochemical properties are estimated. On the basis of the obtained data, the mineral composition is estimated, permitting the raw material to be referred to the family of basalt basic volcanic rocks of normal alkaline suborder 45 ≤ SiO 2 ≤ 52; 0.5 ≤ (Na 2 O + K 2 O) ≤ 5. This is also confirmed by the results of X-ray phase analysis. Calculation of the coefficient of acidity of the rock allows it to be recommended as a raw material for the production of mineral fiber.

Data on the crystallization of the basic magma and its intrachamber and intrapocket (deep-seated) differentiations are given. Problems of the genesis of stratiform anorthosites are considered.

Brief petrochemical characteristics of andesite (from the Ussuri region) and gabbro (from the Republic of Karelia) are given. The magnetic properties of various grain size fractions are analyzed in detail by EPR spectroscopy and static magnetic susceptibility measurements in the temperature range 4–300 K in magnetic fields up to 5 T.

The results of determination of the chemical composition of the main plutonic rock gabbro are presented. The chemical and mineral compositions were calculated by physicochemical modeling, as well as the composition of the components formed during its heating in a wide temperature range in different atmospheres. The results made it possible to create methods for modification of the composition of gabbro-basalt raw materials to obtain mineral fibers, stone casting products, and ceramics.

A method of producing ceramics from igneous rocks is presented for the example of gabbro. It is shown that potassium liquid glass can be used as a binder. The method of physicochemical modeling was used to calculate the mineral compositions of the components formed on heating the gabbro. The optimal conditions (dispersion of the powder, amount of binder, and so forth) of the process under consideration were determined. Ceramic samples were obtained and their basic properties determined.

Research was carried out, intended for using igneous rocks of Russian deposits for the production of advanced materials. Methods for calculating the mineral composition of gabbro–basalt rocks and the effect of melting (crystallization) conditions on it were proposed. New methods were developed for modifying the chemical and mineral compositions of gabbro–basalt materials. Samples of stone ceramics (including those produced from highly dispersed powders), protective anticorrosion coatings, and friction materials based on crushed basalt and chopped continuous fibers were prepared. Physicochemical foundations for the complex processing of gabbro–basalt raw materials were created.

We studied by physicochemical modeling (PCM) how the temperature and redox properties of the crystallization atmosphere affect the equilibrium compositions of product phases using trachyandesibasalt as an example. The chemical composition of rock-forming minerals and their influence on the properties of rocks are presented. The heating, melting, and crystallization features of trachyandesibasalt are considered taking into account external conditions and the mutual influence of the minerals present in the rock. Temperature-dependent magnetization is determined for various fractions of the studied rock. The fundamental possibility is shown, and recommendations are given, for choosing methods to modify the chemical and mineral composition of trachyandesibasalt.

The processes of melting of different types of igneous rock constituting gabbro-basalt raw material are examined. The role of the main rock-forming elements in the formation of these melts for the production of mineral fibers and stone-cast articles is shown. Special attention is devoted to their influence on the viscosity and crystallizability of the production melts as well as iron—the only element present in two degrees of oxidation Fe(II) and Fe(III), which can participate, correspondingly, in the processes of Mg and Al isomorphism. Information is presented on the influence of the ratio of these oxides on the crystallization processes of mineral fibers and stone-cast articles.