回顾了聚合物/粘土纳米复合材料的发展阶段和近期的重要进展,指出粘土的有机化处理是制备高性能纳米复合材料的关键,并重点讨论了力学性能、流变学和聚合物共混物纳米复合材料.

Polypropylene/clay nanocomposites used by the shell of vehicle air heater were prepared with big numerator fuse insert technics,it had high integration capability.The manufacture process of polypropylene/clay nanocomposites was introduced,then we tested the capability of this material and the shell of vehicle air heater.The result indicated that polypropylene/clay nanocomposites could be used by the shell of vehicle air heater.Its little filling and low density was good for the parts to reduce the weight.

Organo-montomorillonites with hydroxyl, epoxy and no polar groups were prepared. They were used to prepare PP/clay nanocomposite materials with maleic anhydride-PP as a compatilizer. The structure and the mechanical properties were measured via XRD, TEM, DSC and TGA. The effect of organo-montmorillonite on the structure and properties of PP/clay nanocomposites were studied. The results show that organo-montmorillonite with polar group has a strong affinity to maleic anhydride-PP, it benefits the intercalation and exfoliation of clay and also the increase of degree of crystallization and the mechanical properties.

An intercalated polyurethane (PU) /clay nanocomposite was prepared by in situ intercalative polymerization. The PU/clay nanocomposite pellet or film samples were stretched-recovery-restretched, using selfmade microstretching tools. The changes of the basal spacings of clay and the orientation of polymer chain segments during the stretched-recovery-restretched process were studied by wide angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) dichoism techniques. The WAXD results show that the basal spacing of clay did not change obviously, indicating that no macromolecular chains entered or moved out of the interlayer space, and the orientations of both hard and soft segments inside the interlayer space did not change obviously, either. The FTIR dichroism tests suggest that outside the interlayer space, the orientation of the hard chain segment increased, decreased, and then increased again during the stretched-recovery-restretched process. However, no obvious changes of the degree of orientation of the soft segment were observed during the processes, the slightly orientation might be released during the relaxation process before the measurements. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 45: 654–660, 2007

Due to the nucleate of clay and confined space formed by the silicate layers,crystallization behavior of polyamide 6/clay nanocomposites(PA6CN) is greatly different with polyamide(PA6),which attracts widely interests.Here,recent studies of the basic character,effect of thermal treatment,processing on the crystallization and the crystallization kinetics of PA6CN have been reviewed.

The steady and dynamic rheology behaviors of UHMWPE/Kaolin composites prepared by a polymerization-filling method were investigated with capillary and parallel plate rheometer. The composites showed an unusual rheological behavior.The material could be smoothly extruded through the capillary and the addition of Kaolin particles could decrease the apparent viscosity, dynamic viscosity, complex viscosity and the moduli of the melt. The relationship between rheological behaviors and the unique structure governed by polymerization-filling was further discussed.

对比研究了采用聚合填充法（Polymerization-filling）和熔融共混法（meltcompounding）制备的m-HDPE/Kaolin复合材料的流变性质.动态流变实验和毛细管挤出实验的结果表明,聚合填充的HDPE/Kaolin复合体系的熔体动态粘度、复数粘度、表观粘度均低于熔融共混复合体系和纯HDPE的相应值.聚合填充的Kaolin粒子与PE分子链的强相互作用及其良好的分散状态,是改善材料流变行为的原因所在.

按ASTM标准进行拉伸和缺口冲击强度试验,分析釜内聚合和机械混合两种方法制备的高岭土填充超高分子量聚乙烯基(UHMWPE/Kaolin)复合材料的机械性能,分别用MM200磨损试验机和MSH型腐蚀磨损试验机研究这两类复合材料的耐磨性.讨论UHMWPE/Kaolin的机械性能和耐磨性与制备方法和高岭土含量的关系.结果表明:UHMWPE/Kaolin的机械性能与制备方法显著相关,由于高度细化和均匀分散的高岭土颗粒的增强作用及较强的界面结合强度,釜内聚合方法制备的UHMWPE/Kaolin的综合性能比熔融机械混合方法制备的成分相同的复合材料的明显要好.进一步的数据分析发现,UHMWPE/Kaolin的耐磨性与机械强度综合指标有显著的相关关系.

The thermal stability and crystallization kinetics of isotactic polypropylene (iPP) and iPP/organomont-morillonite (organo-MMT) nanocomposites were investigated with differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetry. The incorporation of organo-MMT up to a concentration of 4 wt % did not affect the melting temperature of iPP but did increase the peak thermal degradation temperature by 60degreesC. The isothermal crystallization kinetics showed that the addition of organo-MMT increased the crystallization rate of iPP but reduced the isothermal Avrami exponent. The crystallization temperature of the nanocomposites measured with nonisothermal crystallization was higher than that of plain iPP, and this indicated an enhanced crystallization rate. The nonisothermal Avrami exponent, like the isothermal exponent, decreased with the addition of organo-MMT, and this suggested changes in the crystallite growth geometry. Subsequently, the tensile yield strength and the tensile modulus both increased, but the elongation at break and the notched Izod impact strength did not change significantly. (C) 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

We carried out a scanning electron microscopy study to investigate the morphology of a polystyrene (PS)/montmorillonite nanocomposite. Monodispersed spherical particles, about 200 nm in diameter, were observed when PS/montmorillonite powder was dispersed in water, whereas planar silicate sheets were found for cetyltrimethylammonium bromide-exchange montmorillonite. The fracture surface of a PS/clay nanocomposite pellet sample showed a lot of fibrils rather than the smooth surface of a pure PS pellet. After the PS/clay nanocomposite pellet was chemically etched, flaky montmorillonite particles were homogeneously dispersed in the PS matrix. A film sample, prepared by the pressing of the PS/clay nanocomposite melt, revealed that the montmorillonite primary particles oriented parallel to the surface, and the corresponding X-ray diffraction distribution map of silicon atoms confirmed that the dispersed particles were montmorillonite primary particles. (C) 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

The isothermal crystallization kinetics of polypropylene/montmorillonite (PP/MMT) nanocomposites synthesized via intercalation polymerization were investigated by using differential scanning calorimeter and polarizing optical microscope (POM). The crystallinity of the nanocomposites decreased with the increase of the montmorillonite content, indicating that the M-NIT layers dispersed in the PP matrices confined the PP chains and hindered the crystallization of the PP chains. The POM photographs showed that the spherulites of the PP/MMT nanocomposites were greatly decreased in size as MMT was introduced. On the other hand, the crystallization rate increased dramatically with the increasing of MMT content. The interfacial free-energy per unit area perpendicular to PP chains in PP/MMT nanocomposites decreased with increasing MMT content, suggesting that the MMT layers acted as heterogeneous nuclei in the nucleation of crystallization. The nucleus density increased with the increasing of MMT content, leading to a positive effect on the crystallization. (C) 2002 John Wiley Sons, Inc.

以纳米蒙脱土、纳米无机杀菌剂和聚丙烯为原料，用插层复合技术制备成纳米抗菌聚丙烯专用料，抗菌率达100％，其管材经卫生检测，适用于饮用水输配水管道系统和容器。

用纳米/粘土与无规共聚聚丙烯(PP-R)插层复合制备的纳米聚丙烯管材专用料(NPP-R),其各项技术性能得到大幅度提高.NPP-R管材的各项物理力学性能和卫生性能均符合有关技术标准,并具有独持的抗菌功能,抑菌率达100%.

Polypropylene/montmorillonite (PP-MMT) nanocomposites were synthesized via intercalative polymerization. The morphology evolution and microstructure of the nanocomposites were investigated by means of polarized optical microscopy TOM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy(TEM) and wide angle X ray diffraction (WAXD). It has been found that the big primary MMT particles were mostly dissociated into smaller secondary particles, which consists of 2similar to20 individual MMT layers and expanded gallery distance full of PP chains. The morphology evolution model of the PP-MMT during the intercalation polymerization is discussed. It has been also found that the presence of MMT influences the spherulite morphology of the polypropylene in the PP-MMT nanocomposites with increasing of MMT content in nanocomposite, the dimension of the spherulite reduced and the shape became distorted.

用X射线衍射分析,扫描电镜分析,流变性能分析和力学性能测试,分析了纳米聚丙烯管材专用料的技术性能

采用DSC研究了聚丙烯及聚丙烯/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的非等温结晶行为.结果表明,纳米分散的硅酸盐片层在很少的加入量时即可提高复合材料的结晶度,使复合材料的结晶温度升高.与此同时,无机物含量仅为1%时即可明显加快复合材料的结晶速率.

介绍了中国科学院工程塑料国家重点实验室在聚合物/层状硅酸盐纳米复合材料领域的研究成果;探讨了这一领域的发展方向(如黏土有机化和新的制备工艺等)及纳米复合材料的应用前景.

所谓"纳米塑料",是指无机填充物以纳米尺寸分散在有机聚合物基体中形成的有机/无机纳米复合材料.在纳米复合材料中,分散相的尺寸至少在一维方向小于100nm.由于分散性的纳米尺寸效应、大比表面积和强界面结合,纳米复合材料具有一般工程塑料所不具备的优异性能,因此是一种全新的高技术新材料,具有广阔的商业开发和应用前景.

The nonisothermal crystallization kinetics of polypropylene (PP) and polypropylene/organic\|montmorillonite (PP/Mont) nanocomposite,which was prepared by melt intercalation,was studied by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC).The modified Avrami theories of Jeziorny,Ozawa and Mo were used to analyze the data of DSC.The result showed that both the Jeziorny and Mo methods could describe this system very well,but the Ozawa analysis failed.The values of Z c and n increased with increasing cooling rate,and the values of Z c and n of PP/Mont nanocomposite were higher than those of PP at the same cooling rate.The value of F(T) increased,and the value of a had no significant change with increasing degree of crystallinity for PP and PP/Mont nanocomposite,respectively.The values of F(T) of PP/Mont nanocomposite were lower than those of PP at the same degree of crystallinity.The value of a was 1.04,1.40 or so for PP and PP/Mont nanocomposite,respectively.The activation energies have been evaluated by Kissinger method to be 189.37 kJ/mol and 155.69?kJ/mol for the nonisothermal crystallization of PP and PP/Mont nanocomposite,respectively.The addition of organic montmorillonite decreased the activation energy of crystallization of PP,which could be used as nucleating agent during nonisothermal crystallization process of PP.