在重度Cd污染农田建立巨菌草土壤修复长期观测点,研究巨菌草吸收、积累重金属的特性及对土壤重金属污染的修复效果.在Cd和Hg复合污染的酸性土壤中进行巨菌草植物修复试验,设置巨菌草和巨菌草加纳米重金属富集剂2个处理.结果表明:巨菌草根、茎、叶中Cd含量依次降低,Pb、Cr、Hg含量在根中最高,茎中最低,叶、根、茎中As含量依次降低;茎中Cd积累量大于叶,叶中Cr积累量大于茎,Pb、As和Hg为叶积累型,80％以上积累在叶片中;Cd的初级迁移系数分别是Pb、Cr、As的4.2、7.2、2.4倍,Cd由根向茎的迁移能力最强;Pb、As和Hg的次级迁移系数分别为Cd的8.4、8.8、12.7倍,由茎向叶的迁移能力大于Cd;Cr在巨菌草植株中的移动性最差;巨菌草地上部Cd富集量为82.96 g/hm2,Cd的生物富集量系数达38231 kg/hm2,土壤Cd提取效率为1.699％;修复土壤Cd含量较背景值降低2.90％;添加纳米重金属富集剂的巨菌草的Cd、Pb、Cr、As的转运量系数分别提高5.09％、30.88％、4.48％、49.72％,次级迁移系数分别提高11.39％、45.25％、59.52％、53.58％,可见,纳米重金属富集剂促进重金属元素在植物体内的迁移.在Cd单一污染的酸性土壤中进行巨菌草植物修复试验,设置巨菌草和空白对照2个处理.结果表明:巨菌草修复土壤As、Hg、Cd、Pb、Cr含量比CK的分别下降6.16％、4.75％、4.91％、2.77％、2.42％,其中Pb、Cr、As、Hg的含量与CK之间的差异有统计学意义(P<1％);空白对照土壤Cd、Pb、Cr、As、Hg的含量较背景值分别增长3.89％、1.98％、8.10％、0.74％、20.36％,说明大气沉降等环境因素对农田土壤重金属积累具有重要影响.

纳米技术在农业领域已有诸多应用，但在农业镉治理及花卉提质增效方面鲜见报道。本研究旨在通过纳米生态阻镉剂(I型-V型)应用试验，为农产品镉治理提供新的途径和方法。研究表明，传统栽培方式下，在土壤镉背景0.42 mg/kg时，IV型对稻米的降镉率高达80%，稻米镉含量远低于国标；在土壤镉含量高达2.549 mg/kg时，II型对稻米的降镉率仍达到20.3%。在全生育期灌水的栽培方式下，土壤镉含量0.64 mg/kg时，II型40 kg/667 m2的降镉效果最好，达20.74%；在超高镉土壤背景4.0 mg/kg时，II型160 kg/667 m2的降镉效果最好，达25.40%；在土壤镉含量2.06 mg/kg时，IV型和V型对稻米的降鎘效果均达到40%以上；在土壤镉含量上升到到2.929 mg/kg时，IV型和V型对稻米的降鎘效果明显降低。II型对芹菜(镉背景0.8 mg/kg)、茄子(镉背景0.33 mg/kg)、大棚辣椒(镉背景1.2 mg/kg)、露地辣椒(镉背景0.29 mg/kg)的降镉率分别达到38.13%、28.07%、30.29%、50%，其中大棚辣椒施用II型80 kg/667 m2的降镉效果显著高于40 kg/667 m2和对照(α = 0.05)。在土壤镉背景1.49 mg/kg时，III型对浙大长萝卜的降镉率达31.08%。II型和III型对水稻具有良好的增产作用，I型对百合花具有明显的延长花期效果。提出了纳米技术镉治理“VPON”推广模式(V：低镉品种；P：土壤pH值；O：有机肥；N：纳米生态阻镉剂)。 Nanotechnology has been widely applied to agricultural fields, but the control of cadmium pollu-tion in agriculture and flower quality improvements are rarely reported. The aim of this study is to provide a new way and scientific basis for the application of nano cadmium-resistant agent (I-V). The results showed that the cadmium reduction rate of rice was 80% and that of rice was much lower than that of national standard under the condition of low cadmium soil (0.42 mg/kg). In the high cadmium soil background (2.549 mg/kg), the rate of cadmium reduction of type II to rice was 20.30%. The results showed that the soil cadmium content was 0.64 mg/kg, and the effect of type II 40 kg/667 m2 was the best, reaching 20.74%. In the cadmium soil background (4.0 mg/kg), the effect of controlling cadmium of type II 160 kg/667 m2 was the best, reaching 25.40%. In the soil cadmium content of 2.06 mg/kg, the effect of type IV and V to rice was more than 40%. When the soil cadmium content rose to 2.929 mg/kg, the effect of type IV and V were significantly reduced. The cadmium reduction rate of celery (cadmium background 0.8 mg/kg), eggplant (cadmium background 0.33 mg/kg), greenhouse pepper (1.2 mg/kg cadmium background) and open pepper (0.29 mg/kg cadmium background) were 38.13%, 28.07%, 30.29% and 50% respectively. The effect of reducing the amount of cadmium on the capsaicum type II 80 kg/667m2 was significantly higher than that of 40 kg/667m2 and control (a = 0.05). In the soil cadmium background 1.49 mg/kg, III type of Zhejiang long radish reached cadmium reduction rate of 31.08%. Besides, type II and III had significant effect on rice production, and type I had obvious effect on lengthening lily flowering period. We proposed the “VPON” promotion model of nanotechnology cadmium treatment (V: Low cadmium variety; P: Soil pH value; O: Organic fertilizer; N: Nano-ecological cadmium-resistant agent).

百合花是中国的第一大鲜切花品种.湖南省因春季多雨、初夏高温,因此百合生产中病害重、花期短.随着株洲市农业科学研究所在百合花抗病育种上的重大突破,"株洲红"等一批抗病新品种问世,使湖南露地生产百合花成为可能,但花期短的问题依然突出.本试验旨在研究纳米生物肥(正光土墒材料)对百合生长发育、开花期和花卉品质的影响,结果表明:纳米生物肥具有良好的增强百合生长势、大幅延长花期、提高花卉品质的作用,将在百合花卉产业发展中发挥重要作用.

[Objective] The paper aimed at researching on the ecological remediation materials and related technologies in degraded land.[Method] Pointing at the specific reasons for degradation of soil moisture and fertility conditions,the ecological remediation materials and related technologies for soil moisture had been studied using layered silicates as substrate materials and using straw turnover as the method.The application research had been carried out in degraded cultivated land,compacted land,saline-alkali soil and laboratory of nine provinces and regions on 26 species and 48 varieties.[Result] The materials and related technologies are environment-friendly in formula,processing,application with no hidden trouble as secondary pollution,which can be used for the restoration of positive balance of soil moisture conditions（water,fertilizer,gas,and heat）,establishment of the core of a stable circle and improving food production steadily.The materials are more suitable for plant growth than chemical fertilizers,applying of which helps plants obtain better adversity resistance.[Conclusion] The ecological remediation materials for soil moisture can reduce the application of chemical fertilizers effectively and improve the production and quality of crops remarkably.

The melt intercalation method was employed to prepare PP/Org-MMT composites,while polypropylene-graft-maleic anhydride(MAPP) was used as compatibilizer.The effects of content of MAPP and OMMT on preparation and mechanical properties of the nanocomposites were investigated.The changes of the basal spacing between layers were investigated by X-Ray diffraction meter.The morphology of composites were also studied by SEM and POM.The results indicate that excellent intercalation effect can be obtained by melt processing.The tensile strength and the impact strength of these composites ascends first and then descends,The tensile strength is better than that of PP and the impact strength is close to that of PP.

地处青藏高原东隅的若尔盖高原盆地,属季风活跃带.季风流经的盆地四周的山谷,与我国西北、东北地区的主要沙区相连,随着若尔盖高原盆地湿地萎缩、草地退化、沙化,由流经该地区的季风将这种区域生态退化的结果辐射到了其他沙区.

以纳米蒙脱土、纳米无机杀菌剂和聚丙烯为原料，用插层复合技术制备成纳米抗菌聚丙烯专用料，抗菌率达100％，其管材经卫生检测，适用于饮用水输配水管道系统和容器。

用纳米/粘土与无规共聚聚丙烯(PP-R)插层复合制备的纳米聚丙烯管材专用料(NPP-R),其各项技术性能得到大幅度提高.NPP-R管材的各项物理力学性能和卫生性能均符合有关技术标准,并具有独持的抗菌功能,抑菌率达100%.

用X射线衍射分析,扫描电镜分析,流变性能分析和力学性能测试,分析了纳米聚丙烯管材专用料的技术性能