为了刻画三角洲前缘水下分流河道与河口坝的三维形态以及构型界面,提出了一种专门用于分流河道和河口坝等构型要素的三维构型建模方法.采用Fluvsim程序中的参数定义模拟的分流河道目标体,同时提出7个参数定义河口坝目标体,并用河道平均发育距离定义河口坝的发育位置.在模拟中将所定义的基本目标体投放到背景相中,以构型单元的定量知识库和井点数据为依据,通过调节目标体的定义参数,采用模拟退火的方法实现条件化.实际模拟检验表明,应用该模型计算得到的模拟结果可以有效地整合构型单元的定量规模以及相比例信息,刻画河口坝的空间形态以及各构型单元之间的拼接关系,符合地质模式,与实际井数据吻合较好.

裂缝发育段是潜山内幕油藏主要储集空间.辽河油田在兴隆台潜山内幕油藏勘探开发实践中,注重挖掘裂缝发育段的井眼信息响应特征以及各种信息间的匹配关系,认识到裂缝发育段在钻井过程中钻井液易漏失,录井显示级别高、气测异常明显、地球化学录井与轻烃录井含油指标突出,测井信息特征明显,且不同信息之间表现出较好的耦合关系,大大提高了裂缝发育段识别的准确性.为投产选择射孔层段、储量计算中有效厚度的合理划分、潜山内幕油藏立体开发模式的建立提供了可靠的地质基础.有效指导了辽河油田潜山内幕油藏的勘探开发工作,实现了兴隆台潜山亿吨级规模储量的快速探明和百万吨年产能力快速建成,以及油藏的有效开发、高效开发.

The fracture developed sections are the dominant storage spaces for the reservoirs inside the buried hill.How to effectively predict the spatial distribution of the fracture section is the critical issue to explore and develop the reservoirs inside the buried hill.At present,based on core description of the fracture in the exploration and development practice of Xinglongtai buried hill in Liaohe Oilfield,great attention has been paid in order to find out the matching relationship among structural location,formation lithology,fracture characteristics,seismic response characteristics and productivity in the case of only a few exploration wells during the initial stage of exploration,and the reliability of fracture development recognition and prediction is greatly improved.Based on the above recognition,geophysical and geological statistical method has been developed originally in order to evaluate and predict fracture developed section,which integrates the borewellhard datawith three-dimensional seismicsoft data,establishes the correlation between the seismic reflection features,fracture development features and productivity features,and achieves the qualitative to semi-quantitative prediction of fracture developed zones.The method has effectively guided the exploration and development of the reservoirs inside the buried hill.

辽河油田深层薄互层稠油油藏具有埋藏深、纵向多层、非均质性强等特点，经多周期蒸汽吞吐开发后转火驱开采，其驱替机理和火线波及规律认识难度加大。综合物理模拟、数值模拟、动态分析等方法，研究发现普通稠油油藏在火驱中升温降黏和增压驱替、高温氧化和低温氧化同时存在，火线在平面及纵向上波及不均匀；同时对火线波及影响因素进行了研究。

利用地球化学、地质资料对辽河坳陷兴隆台地区的成藏特征进行了系统研究,认为研究区具有多油源供烃、多类型输导、多期次充注的特点.油源对比研究表明,油气主要来源于清水洼陷,其次为陈家洼陷,其中清水洼陷沙三段为主要烃源岩.含氮化合物指示油气沿着断层、砂体、不整合面等多种输导体,从生烃洼陷向构造高部位进行运移.流体包裹体与烃源岩生烃史显示研究区发生了多期成藏,主要成藏期为东营末期.综上,建立了以下3种成藏模式:潜山油气藏的“单源供烃、断层 不整合输导、早期成藏模式”,沙三段油气藏的“自生自储、断层—浊积砂输导、早期成藏模式”和浅层沙二段、沙一段、东营组油气藏的“多源供烃、断层砂体输导、晚期成藏模式”.

The G block in Liaohe oilfield hosts ultra deep,thick-massive conventional heavy oil reservoirs which have entered the late development stage after 23 years of cyclic steam stimulation.It is in urgent need to convert development scheme and improve recovery factor.Previous research has shown that fire flooding is the best development method for this block.Fire flooding well pattern,combustion mode,injection-production relationship and operation parameters are optimized according to the characteristics of the block,such as huge thick reservoir,big stratigraphic dip and high water storage rate.This paper evaluates previous pilot test of fire flooding,understands present combustion state,combustion front propagation and oil well response feature,and analyzes the main problems of fire flooding for thick reservoirs and next step research direction.This research provides certain technical reference for fire flooding in thick-massive heavy oil reservoirs.

With steady development of exploration, further exploration and second evaluation to old oil-gas field have become an important issue.In this aspect, we need to study how to discriminate metamorphic and clastic reservoirs, and reduce the effect certainties in the wave-impedance inversion as much as possible, which can help enhance accuracy of reservoir predication and success rates of drilling.For the prediction of two kinds of reservoirs aforementioned, wave-impedance inversion can make full use of available data, such as borehole, logging, oil tests and other static and dynamic measurements.It can help probe geological bodies in the subsurface, find rules of reservoir distribution in vertical and horizontal direction, and provide evidence for well deployment and reserve estimation.

In view of the characteristics of the complex structure of sand bodies,strong reservoir heterogeneity,poor effect of injection water development and unclear understanding of remaining oil distribution law for Block Shen 95,a fine 3D geological model is built up by making full use of the technology of integrated 3D geological modeling with reservoir numerical simulation and based on the fine study of structure feature,fine layer comparison and sedimentary facies.The numerical model of this block is established by reservoir numerical simulation and the history matching for geologic reserves,pressure,water cut and single well production date is carried out.The match error of geologic reserves is 4.2% and the match error of 87% single wells is less than 6%.The research results show that the remaining oil distribution of Block Shen 95 is mainly effected by sedimentary facies,reservoir heterogeneity,fault sealing and incomplete well pattern.The remaining oils vertically focus on the II4-III2 oil bed of main layers and horizontally on the unswepted regions by current well pattern and the regions with strong fault sealing and the high position of microstructures with displaying isolated and stripe shape.

Oil with high freezing point is different in flowing properties at different temperatures,resulting in a series of difficulties in waterflood development of oilfields.To solve the problem,with experimental results and an integration of geological modeling and reservoir numerical simulation,we analyze the temperature field distribution in the reservoir at different surface temperatures of injected water.It is found that 60℃ is an important critical temperature.Over 60℃,the crude oil is a Newtonian fluid,with no wax crystallization and lower viscosity.The study results also show that the surface temperature of injected water at 80℃ is the best in waterflood development effects.Furthermore,the temperature field distribution among wells and its prediction were also analyzed,which provided guidance for the plan optimization of high freezing-point reservoirs in improving development and enhancing oil recovery.

Horizontal wells are increasingly applied in oilfield development in conjunction with vertical wells.The study of well spacing density of combined pattern is of crucial importance to sustainable development of an oilfield.Based on analysis of rational pattern study method,a well spacing density model focusing on economic benefit—— modified multiple objective model,has been established for combined pattern by using optimization and economic theory.The model has been applied to a typical adjustment oil unit to verify its feasibility and accuracy and has achieved satisfactory result.This model is of practical significance to old oilfield adjustment and preparation of development program.

To solve the development problems such as the rapid decrease of crude production,the bad effect of steam stimu- lation,the sand flow of producing well,and the heterogene- ous mobilization of oil reservoir in W60 fault block,the studies on secondary development on the base of the fine de- scription of pool and the evaluation of development potential are performed.Results show that the recovery ratio is in- creased by 36.3% and the secondary development at the old development area is realized by infilling horizontal wells, supplementing the gravity drainage with steam and superpo- sing horizontal wells.The success of the secondary develop- ment in W60 Block provides an example for the same kind of pool to increase the development effect.

Buried hill reservoirs in Block Shen625 have dual media, and have revealed many problems during development. Feasibility analysis of waterflooding and water injection parameter optimization provides us the measures for waterflooding and evaluates the response of the measures after implementation. Application of vertical well injection and horizontal well production is a useful probe into new waterflooding mode. The response is notable after implementation. This provides some reference for waterflooding in similar reservoirs.

Lianhua reservoir in Block Qi40 was developed by cyclic steam stimulation since 1987.By the end of 2005,the ratio of total oil produced to OOIP was 30.3%,the decline rate of the block was 13.3%.It is imperative to convert development scheme.The feasibility of steam flooding is studied for Block Qi40.The result shows that Block Qi40 is suitable to steam flooding,the recovery factor may improve by 24.58%～26.9%(theoretical value);according to the result of reservoir engineering,with present pattern,steam flooding has been conducted in reservoirs of LianⅠand Ⅱ2 and one more in the edge.Steam flooding parameters are optimized.Totally 139 well groups are deployed,with predicted ratio of total oil produced in the stage of 22.93%,and the recovery factor of cyclic steam stimulation + steam flooding of 51.9%.By the end of 2006,65 well groups had converted to steam flooding in the block and attained initial result.

Frequency-shared interpretation technique generates reservoir prediction in frequency domain by Fourier Transform and can calculate thickness time of reservoir.It is used for prediction of sandbody distribution in Shen 143 well area of Damintun Sag of Liaohe Basin.Prediction result coincides well with actual drilling data.This method provides geological reference for further exploration,and presents new technique for reservoir prediction.

油泉子油田油藏类型属构造裂缝型,储层的分布主要受裂缝发育程度的控制,因此,储层构造裂缝的预测有着特别重要的意义.通过有限元数值模拟,包括裂缝形成时期的确定,古差应力值大小估算,最大主应力方向的确定,地质模型、力学模型、计算模型的建立以及裂缝的模拟计算,最终绘制出裂缝破裂率及裂缝方位分布图.通过分析,预测结果:裂缝方位为NNE、NW向,与测井识别和岩心剩磁定向基本吻合,裂缝预测方位平面和纵向上变化较小;沿构造转折部(背斜轴部)裂缝较发育,在构造的两翼裂缝发育较差,与岩心、井史资料描述裂缝分布一致;各层裂缝发育在纵向上交错分布并相互重叠,但总体上发育区相似,只是发育区大小各不相同.

在开发效果评价基础上,应用统计分析方法,建立了注水开发合理控制的数学摸型,为寻求开发过程的最优控制、提高开发效果进行了探索性研究.提出了采收率损失率的概念及注采井数比对采收率损失的影响.经过分析,给出了辽河油区注采井数比下的采收率损失量及提高采收率的潜力.